F22与F91异种钢焊接工艺研究

针对加氢装置用高压力级锻钢阀中F22钢与F91钢的焊接,分析了影响该异种钢焊接质量的影响因素,从焊接材料、焊接工艺参数等方面对F22与F91异种钢接头的焊接工艺进行了深入研究,并对其接头进行了VT,RT,拉伸、弯曲和冲击试验。试验结果表明:试件未见裂纹、未熔合等缺陷;射线探伤结果等级为Ⅰ级,合格;焊接接头抗拉强度高于F22钢母材的抗拉强度要求;拉伸试样断裂在强度相对较低的F22钢母材一侧;冲击吸收功高于欧盟PED标准要求的27 J。产品使用结果表明:所用焊接工艺参数合理,焊接接头能很好地适应产品恶劣的工作环境。     

机械搅拌压煮器填料密封的研究

本研究成功地解决了机械搅拌压煮器填料密封这一国内氧化铝工业尚未解决的技术难题。试验采用自行研制和设计的密封填料和润滑流程,在高碱浓度 Na_2O_k220～235g/1的矿浆中,釜内温度260℃左右,压力3.5～5.5MPa,搅拌转速29r/min 的条件下,压煮器已安全运转154天,从拆检情况看仍可运转几个月。全部备件均实现国产化。     

真空结晶机搅拌装置结构优化设计

针对硝铵结晶反应釜扩容后工作负荷增加,反应釜搅拌装置振动和噪声随之上升,导致搅拌装置轴承、填料磨损加剧,反应釜密封不严等问题,提出此类设备改造的基本原则;结合试验对搅拌机架、搅拌轴密封和填料、减振装置进行了重新设计,解决了反应釜搅拌装置的振动和噪声问题,延长了搅拌装置轴承、填料寿命,提高了生产效率和产品质量。     

浮力调节装置实验研究

设计并构建了浮力调节装置实验测试系统,并对其在不同工作条件下的性能进行了实验研究.研究结果表明,所设计的浮力调节装置工作可靠,系统密封性能良好,在外部环境压力变化时,浮力调节装置泵油时间变化较小,系统效率高,整体功耗小,最大功耗不超过117 W.该实验研究为浮力调节装置的研制奠定了基础.     

适用于自来水工作介质的水压缸研制

水压缸的作用是将自来水系统的压力转换为机械设备的驱动力,以自来水作为工作介质,要适应自来水腐蚀性高和润滑能力弱的特性。以6061铝合金作为缸体制造材料,用Y形TPU密封圈进行活塞密封,在缸体内设计了双腔型润滑装置对活塞和活塞杆进行润滑。经过结构参数计算校核以及样机试验,水压缸的推力和结构强度满足设计要求,活塞的密封及润滑效果良好,运行顺畅。     

分离式霍普金森压杆试验台液压加载系统的研究

为了研究有压情况下材料在冲击载荷下的力学行为,研制一种在一般分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置基础上施加两自由度负载的新型SHPB试验台液压加载系统。研究试件机械加载方式,提出密封粉末加载方法,并根据要求设计液压比例控制系统作为加载系统;由压力传感器、位移传感器和数据采集卡等与上位机构成液压加载控制系统,对液压缸压力进行实时监控;用Simulink软件对控制系统进行仿真。仿真结果表明,该系统可以实现对试件的恒定压力加载。     

水泵试验台液压夹紧装置设计

从系统机构设计、夹紧力分析、液压系统设计和电气控制原理等方面,阐述了水泵试验台液压夹紧装置的设计构造过程.为了保证试验时不发生泄漏现象,在管道联接端面采用抠槽密封处理技术,并对液压夹紧力进行计算与分析,得出在6.4 MPa的压力下,液压夹紧力约为88.238 kN,液压缸提供的最小工作压力为17.563 MPa.现场试验结果表明:与传统法兰联接方式相比,在规定试验压力下,该夹紧装置无泄漏现象,联接端面水力损失减小约0.156%,自动化程度高,水泵出厂检测台数增加约1.5倍,大幅度改善了水泵出厂检测的效率.     

液压膜盒式闸阀

液压膜盒式闸阀是属于闸阀方面的发明创造。它的任务是针对现有的传统机械式闸阀，在使用过程中存在着开启、关闭作用力大，不易操作，闸板与阀座之间受杂质滞留的影响，在密封面上易产生挤伤现象，造成密封失效，引发泄漏，使用寿命短等问题。首次研制了应用液压传递原理，提供一种膜盒式闸板，     

钻孔测斜装置压力模拟试验台承压缸的设计

根据煤矿瓦斯治理及煤矿水害防止过程中钻探的实际工况,结合测井及测斜装置的特点以及水压实验的要求,确定承压缸的主要参数。通过对各种密封形式的分析与研究,选择合理的密封形式及密封件,设计了一套结构简单、装卸方便、低成本、耐高压的大直径承压缸。通过工程应用实例,对承压缸的承压性能进行了验证。试验结果表明:承压缸的设计完全满足地球物理测井及测斜装置技术条件。     

基于压力平衡式的汽车燃油检漏仪的研制

为进行汽车燃油系统的密封器件的气密性检测研制了泄漏检测仪,该检测仪采用微差压原理,利用高精度差压传感器、精密对称气路和嵌入式系统组成测试装置,实现了对一定容积和压力下密封器件气密性的高精度检测.介绍了该检测仪的工作原理、硬件、软件结构和系统性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.