不对称亚砜BSO萃取钯的性能及机理研究

研究了不对称亚砜BSO从盐酸介质中萃取钯的性能和机理,结果表明:待萃液Pd(Ⅱ)浓度为1.0g.L-1,HCl浓度为0.1mol.L-1,用0.3mol.L-1BSO-煤油按相比1:1混合萃取Pd(Ⅱ),经过5min的萃取振荡时间,萃取率可达99.8%。通过斜率法和红外光谱分析表明,在低酸度([H+]≤0.3mol.L-1)下,亚砜主要以中性溶剂络合萃取机理萃取钯,萃合物组成为[PdCl2.2BSO](0);在高酸度(1.0≤[H+]≤4.0mol.L-1)下,亚砜以离子缔合萃取机理萃取钯,萃合物组成可能为[H+.hH2O.(BSO)2]2.[PdCl42-](0)。     

EXTRACTION OF Pt(II)AND Pd(II)WITH N,N-DISECONDARYOCTYLGLYCINE

本文以N,N-二仲辛基氨基乙酸为萃取剂,三氯甲烷(50v.-%)和煤油为稀释剂组成的萃取有机相,在萃取Pt(Ⅱ)和Pd(Ⅱ)过程中,研究HCl浓度、Pt(Ⅱ)和Pd(Ⅱ)起始浓度,离子强度和萃取剂浓度等诸因素对分配比的影响.根据实验结果,认为在萃取Pt(Ⅱ)的过程中,萃取剂浓度高吋,有机相中形成[R_2NHCH_2COOH+][PtCl_3(R_2NCH_2COOH]-的萃合物,而低浓度时为H[PtCl_3(R_2NCH_2COOH)],萃取Pd(Ⅱ)时,有机相形成[R_2NHCH_2COOH]+[PdCl_3(R_2NCH_2COOH)]-的萃合物.本文对HCl浓度变化等诸因素对分配比的影响作了解释.     

N,N-二仲辛基氨基乙酸萃取Pt(Ⅱ)和Pd(Ⅱ)

本文以N,N-二仲辛基氨基乙酸为萃取剂,三氯甲烷(50v.-%)和煤油为稀释剂组成的萃取有机相,在萃取Pt(Ⅱ)和Pd(Ⅱ)过程中,研究HCl浓度、Pt(Ⅱ)和Pd(Ⅱ)起始浓度,离子强度和萃取剂浓度等诸因素对分配比的影响.根据实验结果,认为在萃取Pt(Ⅱ)的过程中,萃取剂浓度高吋,有机相中形成[R_2NHCH_2COOH ][PtCl_3(R_2NCH_2COOH]-的萃合物,而低浓度时为H[PtCl_3(R_2NCH_2COOH)],萃取Pd(Ⅱ)时,有机相形成[R_2NHCH_2COOH] [PdCl_3(R_2NCH_2COOH)]-的萃合物.本文对HCl浓度变化等诸因素对分配比的影响作了解释.     

二（2—乙基己基）单硫代磷酸在盐酸介质中萃取钯

在盐酸介质中用二(2-乙基已基)单硫代磷酸萃取钯,其萃取性能随着盐酸浓度增高而降低。用连续变换法、斜率法和饱和法测得萃合物的组成为Pd_2L_3Cl,IR和H'NMR光谱进一步论证了其反应机理为阳离子交换机理;P=S键中的S原子与钯形成配位键。萃取反应如下: 2H_2PdCl_4+3HL(?)H_2Pd_2L_3Cl_3+5HCl     

采用溴代十六烷基吡啶从碱性氰化液中萃取和富集钯、铂

对使用溴代十六烷基吡啶(HPB)作为萃取剂,在碱性氰化液中同时萃取富集钯、铂进行考察,对影响萃取富集效率的各种因素:稀释剂种类、溴代十六烷基吡啶浓度、改性剂用量、相比、萃取时间、水相中Pd(II)和Pt(II)浓度及溶液的p H值进行研究。结果表明:使用溴代十六烷基吡啶浓度为0.05 mol/L,正辛醇含量为30%(体积分数),相比(O/A)为1:5的有机相,在p H=10.5碱性氰化液中,5 min内能将Pd(II)(70 mg/L)和Pt(II)(60 mg/L)从水相转移至有机相,采用NH_4SCN溶液反萃有机相中的Pd(II)和Pt(II),采用斜率法、红外和紫外光谱分析对萃取机理进行推测,该方法可运用于钯、铂浮选精矿氰化浸出液中Pd(II)和Pt(II)的萃取,富集倍数为15,回收率大于95%。     

高位阻β-二酮和LIX84混合萃取剂从氨性溶液中萃取铜

以Cu2+-NH3-Cl--H2O氨性溶液为被萃水相,研究高位阻β-二酮和LIX 84混合萃取剂对铜的萃取.考察混合萃取剂β-二酮和LIX 84总浓度及相对含量、被萃水相pH值及总氨浓度和相比等因素对铜萃取的影响.结果表明,最优萃取条件如下:β-二酮与LIX 84的体积比为1:1,萃取剂浓度为20%,水相铜离子浓度为3 g/L,总氨浓度为3mol/L(氨与氯化铵的摩尔比为1:2),初始pH值为8.95,相比(O/A)为1:1,反萃剂(硫酸)浓度为90g/L.在此最优条件下,铜萃取率接近100%,共萃氨量为36.1 mg/L,反萃率达97%.     

二异戊基硫醚萃钯过程中少量铂发生共萃原因的探讨（英文）

针对二异戊基硫醚(S_(201))萃钯过程中少量铂发生共萃的现象,用S_(201)对Pt(II)和Pt(IV)分别进行了萃取实验研究。文中对萃取剂浓度、相调节剂种类、混相时间以及盐酸浓度等影响条件进行了考察。结果表明,S_(201)对Pt(IV)几乎不萃取,对Pt(Ⅱ)有一定的萃取能力(20%)。水相中盐酸浓度增高时,Pt(Ⅱ)萃取率降低;混相时间增加及温度升高时,Pt(Ⅱ)萃取率逐渐增高;有机相中S_(201)浓度增高及改性剂TBP或异辛醇浓度增高时,Pt(Ⅱ)萃取率明显增高。还分别讨论了S_(201)萃取Pt(IV)和Pt(II)的机理。研究发现,将Pt(II)氧化为Pt(IV)后,S_(201)对铂的萃取率从2.34%降低至0.85%,提出将铂的价态控制在四价是降低铂与钯共萃的有效措施。     

铅富氧侧吹氧化熔炼多元多相平衡分析

利用已开发的铅富氧侧吹氧化熔池熔炼多相平衡热力学数学模型,计算某典型铅侧吹氧化熔炼生产工况,验证模型热力学分析的可行性,进而考察氧料比(R_(OC))、石英熔剂率(R_(SiO_2))、石灰熔剂率(R_(CaO))、返尘加入率(R_(B,dust))、熔炼渣温度(T_(Slag))等工艺参数对产物产率及其组成的影响。结果表明:提高R_(OC)、(R_(SiO_2))、R_(CaO)、R_(B,dust)或T_(Slag),在提升一次粗铅品位和产品质量的同时,必然会导致渣含铅升高、一次粗铅收率降低,部分杂质元素入渣脱除率降低;当这些工艺参数控制过高时,一次粗铅品位反而会降低;综合考虑产物产率、一次粗铅品位、富铅渣流动性、烟灰利用率和物料挥发性,R_(OC)、(R_(SiO_2))、R_(CaO)、R_(B,dust)和T_(Slag)建议分别控制在112 Nm~3/t、4%、3%、21%和1323 K左右。     

亚铜氯化物络离子阴极还原机理的研究

在 Cu(I)-NaCl-HCl-H_2O 系中,用线性电位扫描法研究了亚铜氯化物络离子的阴极过程。在亚铜氯化物浓度恒定的条件下通过实验获得了平衡电位和交换电流密度与游离氯离子浓度间的关系,据此确定了在氯化钠浓度高的条件下,溶液中主要的亚铜氯化物络离子为 CuCl_3~(2-),而直接在阴极上放电的络离子则为 CuCl_((aq))。因此阴极还原机理可以表示为:CuCl_3~(2-)CuCl_((aq))+2Cl~-CuCl_((aq))+e→Cu+Cl~-     

石油亚砜PSO3e萃取Au~(3+)的性能及机理研究

研究了石油亚砜PSO3e萃取Au3+时 ,萃取剂浓度、盐酸浓度对萃取率的影响。实验结果表明 ,在实验条件下 ,金的萃取率随着PSO3e的浓度和HCl的浓度增加而增加。还通过研究其它因素如Au3+、Cl- 、H+、PSO3e的浓度对分配系数的影响 ,确定萃合物的组成为HAuCl4·3PSO·mH2 O。此外 ,根据红外光谱研究萃取物的成键情况 ,得出PSO3e萃取Au3+的机理为酸性缔合机理 :H+3PSO(o) +mH2 O +AuCl4- 〔H·3PSO·mH2 O·AuCl4〕(o)     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.