粉煤灰渣替代细骨料对砂浆混凝土强度及抗冻性影响

通过筛分和破碎两种方式分别获得粒径区间为0.6~1.18 mm、0.3~0.6 mm的粉煤灰渣,并用其等体积替代对应粒径区间的细骨料,分析粉煤灰渣对砂浆工作性和强度的影响,探究粉煤灰渣的最优替代粒径区间。结合扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等方法分析了粉煤灰渣替代细骨料后砂浆试件的强度变化机理。基于砂浆最优替代粒径区间结果,验证了砂浆混凝土试件的强度和抗冻性。研究结果表明:分别以筛分方式和破碎方式得到的0.3~0.6 mm粒径区间粉煤灰渣替代对应区间细骨料后,其砂浆试件强度均与基准组(未替代)基本一致;而以筛分方式得到的0.3~0.6 mm粒径区间粉煤灰渣替代对应区间细骨料后,其混凝土试件强度和抗冻性与基准组基本一致。在水泥提供的氢氧化钙环境下粉煤灰渣表面生成水化硅酸钙,从而增加了水泥和粉煤灰渣界面胶结强度,强化水泥与粉煤灰渣界面区域,凹凸不平的粉煤灰渣表面与水泥浆咬合嵌锁,保证了试件的强度。     

纳米颗粒对粉煤灰水泥基材料干缩变形的影响及机理

为探讨纳米颗粒对掺粉煤灰的水泥基材料干缩变形的影响,选取了纳米SiO2和纳米SiC两种纳米颗粒,分别制备了纳米改性粉煤灰水泥砂浆和混凝土试件,通过试验研究了纳米颗粒掺量对不同龄期粉煤灰水泥砂浆和混凝土干缩性能的影响,并分析了其作用机理.结果表明,掺纳米颗粒的水泥砂浆干缩率明显增大,掺量为2％的纳米SiO2水泥砂浆和纳米SiC水泥砂浆的28 d干缩率较普通水泥砂浆分别增大了90％和120％;掺量为2％的纳米SiO2混凝土和纳米SiC混凝土28 d干缩率较基准混凝土增大了124.8％和85.8％;纳米颗粒对粉煤灰水泥砂浆和粉煤灰混凝土干缩性能的影响很明显,而混掺与单掺纳米颗粒对混凝土的干缩率影响不大.分析认为,纳米颗粒比表面积大,吸附水分增多,造成内部自由水被大量消耗,同时由于纳米颗粒填充了混凝土内部结构中的微小孔隙,使得外部水分难以进入内部而被蒸发,造成内外变形不一致,最终增大了混凝土的干缩率.     

引气剂对混凝土性能的影响研究

研究了引气剂对混凝土工作性、力学性能以及抗冻融性能的影响。结果表明：通过掺加引气剂增加新拌混凝土含气量,可以改善混凝土的工作性。同时混凝土的冻融耐久性得以改善,气孔间距系数越小,混凝土的冻融耐久性指数就越大。但是,引气剂的掺入降低了混凝土的强度,硬化混凝土平均孔径越小,越有利于减小因引气而造成的抗压强度损失。     

Effects of styrene–acrylic emulsion on bond performance and interface microstructure of repair mortar of ternary cementitious system

This study investigates the effects of styrene–acrylic emulsion (SAE) as a modifier and interfacial agent on the interfacial bond performance of ordinary Portland cement–aluminate cement–gypsum (PAG) repair mortar. The hydration products and interfacial microstructure are analyzed via x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that the addition of SAE can effectively enhance the tensile bond strength and flexural bond strength of the PAG repair mortar, and the optimal addition amount of SAE is 10 wt%. The tensile and flexural bond strengths of the PAG repair mortar with SAE interfacial agent at 40% concentration are 1.38 and 1.34 times than those of the mortar without the interfacial agent, respectively. XPS and FTIR analyses reveal that the carboxyl groups in SAE and Ca²⁺ generated from cement hydration form Ca²⁺–carboxyl complexes. The SEM and XRD analyses indicate that SAE can alter the distribution and size of crystals at the bond interface and considerably reduce the thickness of the bond interface; however, SAE cannot change the type of hydration products at the bond interface.     

水泥细度对早龄期碾压混凝土综合抗裂性的影响(英文)

水泥水化热与比表面积和化学组成有关,但是相对于调整水泥的化学组成来说,通过减小水泥的比表面积来降低水泥水化热要容易得多。为了探索水泥比表面积与碾压混凝土抗裂性能的关系,采用相同熟料磨制了3种细度的水泥,研究了水泥细度对水化热、胶砂强度的影响,以及对混凝土的工作性、力学性能(抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗拉弹性模量)、极限拉伸值、绝热温升等性能的影响;同时,采用温度–应力试验机,评估了在100%约束和近似绝热条件下水泥细度对早龄期碾压混凝土综合抗裂性能的影响。结果表明:水化热与比表面积成线性关系,降低水泥比表面积是降低混凝土温升的有效、便捷的措施;粗磨水泥提高了碾压混凝土的工作性,降低了混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量,但混凝土极限拉伸值没有明显变化;温度–应力试验表明,随着水泥比表面积的降低,混凝土第二零应力温度更低,粗磨水泥碾压混凝土综合抗裂风险更低。     

含浆量对再生混凝土性能及强度的影响

再生集料表面包裹着一层硬化水泥砂浆、导致再生混凝土的强度变化较复杂。利用集料的吸水率指标来探讨如何利用吸水率、取代率来推算含浆量以及不同含浆量的再生集料对混凝土7d、28d强度;再生混凝土的强度与灰水比的线性关系和工作性能的影响。     

Water‐soluble sulfonated phenolic resins. III. Effects of degree of sulfonation and molecular weight on concrete workability

The effects of the degree of sulfonation (DS) and molecular weight (MW) of sulfonated phenolic resins (SPF) on the flow properties of cementitious materials were investigated. SPF resin was prepared from phenol, formaldehyde, and sodium bisulfite through a four‐step reaction. It was found that an increase in either DS or MW would enhance the dispersion effects in the system. The results indicate that the fluidity of cement pastes and the workability of concrete increased with higher DS until the resin was fully sulfonated. For resins with sufficient sulfonation, the performance of cementitious materials would increase with increasing MW. Apparently, resins with MW of about 3 × 10⁴ are most effective in promoting concrete properties in terms of workability and compressive strength. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1762–1766, 2000     

掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰高性能混凝土在短龄期养护条件下的抗侵蚀性能初讨

按高性能混凝土配比方法配制不同掺量的Ⅱ级粉煤灰胶砂试件,分别与普通水泥胶砂试件和高抗硫酸盐水泥胶砂试件进行抗硫酸盐侵蚀的对比试验。试验结果发现,在短龄期养护条件下,经过高浓度硫酸盐溶液的侵蚀浸泡,不掺粉煤灰的普通胶砂试件和高抗硫水泥胶砂试件的抗蚀系数随侵蚀浸泡时间下降很快,在较短时间内就丧失了抗蚀能力;而掺有Ⅱ级粉煤灰的胶砂试件则维持较高的抗蚀系数,特别当Ⅱ级粉煤灰掺量达到60%时,其抵抗高浓度侵蚀溶液侵蚀的效果显著。     

UHPC浆体的工作性和流变性与颗粒膜层厚度的关系

建立超高性能混凝土(UHPC)浆体的工作性和流变性之间的关系可从理论上研究其工作性变化规律。本文以颗粒膜层厚度为UHPC浆体的工作性的综合衡量指标,设计了正交试验,研究水胶比、超细粉煤灰替代率和硅灰掺量对UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的影响。根据流动度和流变性测试结果,分析了水胶比和超细粉煤灰替代率的共同作用对UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的影响,探究了UHPC的净浆与砂浆的工作性关系,基于浆膜层厚度给出了UHPC砂浆的工作性与流变性的关系式。研究结果表明:水胶比是UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的最主要影响因素,水胶比、超细粉煤灰替代率和硅灰掺量提高均造成UHPC浆体的颗粒表面膜层厚度增大;水胶比和超细粉煤灰替代率的共同作用下,UHPC浆体的流动度和黏度系数具有相关性。     

Investigations on the performance of silica fume-incorporated cement pastes and mortars

Studies on the performance of cementitious products with silica fume (SF) are very important, as it is one of the inevitable additives to produce high-performance concrete (HPC). In this study, some experimental investigations on the influence of SF on various preliminary properties of cement pastes and mortars are reported. The properties included specific gravity and normal consistency (NC) of cement and air content and workability of mortar with different SF contents. Pozzolanic and chemical reactions of SF have been studied on setting times, soundness and shrinkage of cement pastes. Further, strength developments in compression and tension in cement mortars have also been studied at various SF contents. SF was varied from 0% to 30% at a constant increment 2.5/5% by weight of cement. Test results show that the SF changes the behavior of cement pastes and mortars significantly. It has been observed that the water-binder (w/b) (cement+SF) ratio seemed to play an important role for the performance of the products with higher SF contents. NC, soundness and drying shrinkage of cement pastes and the strength of mortar increase as the SF content increases, while the initial setting times of cement pastes and the air content and workability of mortar decrease as the SF content increases. However, hardly any influence has been observed on the final setting times of cement pastes. The early age hydration reactions of C₃A and C₃S increase with the addition of SF. The optimum SF content ranges between 15% and 22%.     

不同细度超细粉煤灰对砂浆及混凝土性能影响的研究

研究了经超细粉磨制备的三种不同细度的超细粉煤灰的基本性能,以及掺入这三种不同细度超细粉煤灰的水泥胶砂和混凝土试样的力学性能和混凝土拌合物的工作性能。结果表明,超细粉煤灰的活性随其细度的增加而提高。掺入超细粉煤灰可以有效改善混凝土拌合物的工作性能、胶砂试件和混凝土试件的力学性能,且超细粉煤灰的细度越细改善作用越明显。不使用硅灰,仅用超细粉煤灰和减水剂也可以配制出C80的高强混凝土。微观孔结构分析表明,掺入平均粒径为4μm的超细粉煤灰的混凝土小于20 nm的无害孔的孔体积明显大于掺入其他两种超细粉煤灰（2μm、6μm）的混凝土,这与CUFA4试样力学性能最佳的宏观试验结果一致。     

不同生产工艺的水泥配制混凝土的性能研究

对比研究了不同工艺条件生产的P·II42.5R水泥与外加剂的相容性、不同水灰比条件下的胶砂强度、标准砂浆在不同养护条件下的干缩性能,以及配制相同工作性能与强度等级的混凝土时配合比与干缩性能的差异。结果表明,水泥与外加剂的相容性越好,胶砂强度越高,则配制相同工作性能与强度等级的混凝土时水泥与外加剂用量可以越少。本试验条件下,配制相同工作性能与强度等级的混凝土时,立窑水泥的总胶凝材料用量最大,从而导致立窑水泥配制的混凝土干缩最大。     

Effectiveness of cement and plaster layers in protection of FRP confined concrete exposed to high temperatures

In recent years, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) materials have shown great potential as materials for repair and reinforced concrete structures such as beams or columns by externally bonding FRP sheet(s) onto the surface of substrate concrete structures. However, the performance of FRP systems exposed to fire is a serious concern due to the combustibility of FRPs. This study introduces the results of an experimental investigation on the behavior of the circular columns of concrete under a load of axial compression, confined by an envelope of composite materials (carbon fiber and glass fiber) and protected by a layer of mortar cement or plaster coating, after they have been subjected at various temperature (23, 120, and 350 °C). The specific objectives of this study are verifying the applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed technique to improve the behavior of concrete in fire resistance and evaluate the effect of composite materials and the layer coating type used. The results indicated that protecting heat circular confined columns, with a layer of mortar cement or plaster has a significant effect on the axial strength and the ductility. It was shown that the ultimate load and axial strain of heated columns can be restored up to the original level or greater than those of unheated columns. However, the effect of a layer of plaster is more significant than a layer of mortar cement. So this coating system would enhance fire resistance of the FRP, safety and reliability of FRP reinforced concrete structures.     

粉煤灰和矿渣微粉在水泥基材料中的复合效应研究

通过测定不同龄期的水泥净浆、砂浆和混凝土的力学强度以及水泥净浆的抗模拟酸雨侵蚀性能，探讨了在矿物掺合料总量为胶凝材料总量的40％时，单掺粉煤灰、单掺矿渣微粉以及粉煤灰与矿渣微粉双掺对水泥基材料性能的影响。试验结果表明：在本试验条件下，与基准试件相比，矿物掺合料的掺入可以显著改善水泥基材料的工作性能，但是在一定程度上会导致其力学性能的降低；同时双掺可以发挥出明显的“叠加效应”，但是“超叠加效应”不显著.     

Influence of the fineness of sewage sludge ash on the mortar properties

Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is a recycled material and can be used in cement mortar as pozzolan. To improve the mortar properties, this research utilized mechanical grinding to adjust the fineness of SSA. Finely ground SSA with Blaine fineness of 500-1000 m²/kg was added to mortar to replace 20% of portland cement. The initial and final setting times of SSA-cement paste simultaneously prolonged when SSA fineness increased. Because of the lubricant effect and morphology improvement, the workability of SSA mortar increased when fineness increased. In addition, the pozzolanic activity of SSA and the compressive strength of mortar increased when SSA fineness did. The strength activity index (SAI) value approximately increased 5% when SSA fineness increased per 100 m²/kg. According to the results, the application of mechanical grinding to adjust SSA fineness was an effective modification to improve SSA mortar properties including workability and compressive strength.     

聚羧酸减水剂在粘土中的插层行为及影响研究进展

聚羧酸减水剂在粘土中的吸附、插层行为会对水泥混凝土的性能产生影响.综述了聚羧酸减水剂在粘土中的吸附行为及在粘土矿物蒙脱石中的插层行为的机理、性能表征及对水泥净浆凝结时间、流动度、抗压强度;水泥胶砂流动度、抗压强度、抗折强度;混凝土和易性、坍落度、抗压强度的影响,总结了粘土与聚羧酸减水剂对水泥混凝土性能影响的评价方法,阐述了调控插层行为的措施,展望了调控聚羧酸减水剂插层行为的研究前景.     

Replacement of the foam index test with surface tension measurements

The foam index test is the method usually employed to determine the degree of fly ash interference with air entrainment agents in concrete. The test involves the use of commercial air-entraining agents (AEAs) and visual observation of foam stability. These facts reduce the reproducibility of the test, because commercially available AEAs vary in strength, and the criteria for foam stability are operator dependent. Therefore, it is of interest to develop a reproducible method, which is able to determine the fly ash quality with respect to air entrainment in concrete. This paper presents efforts toward the development of a new method based on dynamic surface tension measurements, using the bubble pressure method, on filtrate from a fly ash and cement suspension. A pure surfactant is added to the suspension as a substitute for a commercial AEA. The new method and the foam index test have been compared on fly ashes acquired from power plants in Denmark and the U.S. The results reveal a good relationship between the two methods, but the new method requires further work before a finished procedure is accomplished. Finally, it has been shown that changes in temperature affect both test methods.     

Physico-chemical changes in polymer impregnated mortars on exposure to sea water

This paper highlights the results and interpretations of experiments conducted to analyze the effect of sea water on conventional precast cement mortar (OPC) and polymer impregnated mortars (PIC). The precast cement mortars were impregnated with a mixture of methyl methacrylate and 2, 2′-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator and polymerized using two different procedures: by microwaves and by conventional hot water method. The OPC and PIC specimens were immersed in sea water separately for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and their strength parameters were calculated. The changes in the microstructure indicated movement of ions into the cement matrix and the presence of fan-like crystals on the surface of cement mortar. The protective polymer coating in the PIC prevented contact of sea water with cement concrete, thereby increasing the durability of the composite.     

MPA改性粉煤灰的合成与应用研究

粉煤灰通过表面羟基化处理、有机硅烷偶联剂交联改性、聚乙二醇单甲醚丙烯酸酯(MPA)接枝聚合得到粉煤灰接枝聚合产物。水泥的净浆流动度和胶砂流动度试验表明,改性后的粉煤灰适应性得到显著提高;混凝土试验证明,改性后的粉煤灰工作性能良好,掺入混凝土中,混凝土28d抗压强度提升。     

A model law for the notch sensitivity of brittle materials

In this paper a model law for the notch sensitivity of brittle materials, for instance hardened cement paste, mortar or concrete is presented. This model law shows that notch sensitivity is a necessary however not a sufficient condition for the applicability of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The model law indicates that notch sensitivity of a brittle material decreases with increasing fracture toughness, decreasing tensile strength and decreasing specimen size. The model law explains the increase of the net failure stress of notched specimens with increasing notch depth after passing through a minimum. Such behavior frequently has been observed in experiments on hardened cement paste, mortar and concrete specimens. Results of flexure tests on notched and unnotched hardened cement paste specimens and concretes of various sizes are in accord with the model law.