超重力湿式氧化法脱除焦炉煤气中硫化氢

以H2S、CO2和空气模拟焦炉煤气,以超重机为脱硫设备,采用湿式氧化法脱除焦炉煤气中的H2S,研究了超重力因子、液气比、气液接触时间、原料气中H2S含量等工艺参数对脱硫率的影响规律,结果表明：脱硫效率随着超重力因子、液气比、气液接触时间和原料气中H2S浓度的增大而增大。确定了适宜的工艺参数,在气液接触时间为0.15 s的条件下,获得了98%以上的脱硫效率,CO2的脱除率稳定在1.0%左右,超重力法脱硫技术实现了高效、快速脱硫。在生产现场建成了处理气量为10000 m3/h的工程化超重力湿式氧化法脱硫装置,运行结果显示：超重力湿式氧化法脱除焦炉煤气中H2S技术具有脱硫效率高、气液接触时间短、操作弹性大、设备体积小等优点,H2S脱除率可稳定在90%以上,应用前景广阔。     

活性炭吸附脱硫固定床反应器研究

在原油储运过程中挥发的H2S这种恶臭气体不但危害人体健康,还对环境造成很大的污染。文章提出了采用活性炭吸附脱除原油挥发气中H2S的工艺。从理论上探讨了活性炭脱硫机理及固定床内吸附传质动力学,并且建立了活性炭吸附H2S的固定床脱硫反应器数学模型,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件求解数学模型以预测穿透曲线。同时进行了实验研究,并根据实验数据绘出了穿透曲线,且与模型计算结果进行了比较,二者吻合较好。还进一步探讨了空速、温度和原料气含量对吸附硫容的影响。     

活性炭脱硫剂的制备与应用

概述了制备具有较好脱硫性能活性炭脱硫剂的途径:①选用变质程度和石墨化程序较低、挥发分含量较高的褐煤或烟煤作原料,用1%H2SO4水溶液洗涤,除去灰分;②炭化过程加热升温,将原料煤中可挥发的非碳组分尽量排除干净,使炭转变成类石墨晶体,针对H2S、SO2、有机硫等脱除对象,选择不同的活化条件和活化剂进行活性处理;③用7%Na2CO3、0.5%CuSO4、0.5%FeSO4混合溶液对活性炭进行浸渍改性处理,以提高其脱硫能力。列举了改性MHY30活性炭常温脱硫剂在陕西兴化集团合成氨三触媒流程中除原料气中H2S,脱硫效率>95%,单次硫容>10%,累计硫容>80%。     

浸渍活性炭脱除硫化氢研究进展

介绍了国内外浸渍活性炭脱除硫化氢的研究现状,概述了浸渍活性炭脱除H₂S反应机理的研究进展。归纳了活性炭孔结构、活性炭表面性质、灰分等因素对硫化氢脱除效果的影响。总结了相对湿度、原料气组成、操作温度等工艺条件对硫化氢净化过程的影响。简述了脱硫后活性炭的再生方法。展望了浸渍活性炭脱硫的应用前景。     

提高克劳斯气体中H2S浓度的措施

0前言山东兖矿集团国宏化工有限责任公司(以下简称国宏公司)采用鲁奇公司低温甲醇洗法脱除原料气中H2S,COS及CO2等酸性气体,使原料气达到甲醇合成反应所要求的指标,并把脱除的H2S和COS送往硫回收系统,利用克劳斯反应器生产硫磺,提高经济效益。由于受到系统和系统操作设计指标的影响,酸脱和硫回收系统开车后,     

超重力氧化还原法用于天然气脱硫的探索性研究

报道了用氮气和硫化氢的混合气模拟含硫天然气,在超重机中应用配合铁氧化还原法进行脱硫实验,研究了原料气中硫化氢浓度、原料气中气体流量、脱硫液流量、超重机转子转速和脱硫液pH值对H2S脱除率和气相传质系数的影响,确定了配合铁体系在超重机中适宜的反应条件。结果表明,在本实验条件下H2S脱除率稳定在99.9%左右。实验设备体积小,硫化氢脱除率稳定且高效。     

MDEA-TBEE复合溶液选择性吸收H_2S性能评价

将一种强空间位阻胺TBEE(叔丁氨基乙氧基乙醇)添加于MDEA(N-甲基二乙醇胺)溶液中形成复合溶液MDEA-TBEE,以填料柱为反应器,采用常压吸收-常压再生操作流程,研究了复合溶液从混合气中选择性吸收H2S吸收性能,并与单组分吸收剂MDEA溶液吸收性能作比较,以脱除率、选择性、溶液负载和容量为评价指标,评价了再生温度、原料气CO2/H2S摩尔比、气液比和贫液负载等因素对复合溶液选择性吸收H2S性能的影响。结果表明,复合溶液比MDEA溶液易于再生,H2S脱除率高于MDEA溶液;复合溶液的容量大于MDEA溶液,平均是MDEA的1.25倍;随着气液比增大,H2S脱除率下降,选择性有所上升。     

活性炭脱除SO2的工艺研究

针对化工行业二氧化硫废气浓度高,间歇排放的特点,提出了活性炭吸附脱除S02的方法。考察了废气相对湿度、温度、气速、活性炭炭层高度、预处理温度对S02脱除率的影响,结果表明,在相对湿度为20％,炭层高度为60cm,温度25℃,气速0．3m／s,活性炭预处理温度600℃时,脱除率可以达到97．2％。     

硫化氢含量对酸脱装置消耗的影响及尾气硫化氢达标排放的措施研究

针对某6.5MPa水煤浆气化制氢项目配套的酸性气体脱除装置,采用流程模拟手段分析原料气中H2S含量对装置消耗的影响,获得原料气不同H2S含量下的消耗数据.同时,通过分析再吸收塔理论塔板数、尾气出口压力、半贫甲醇洗涤量对尾气中H2S含量的影响,研究降低尾气中H2S排放浓度的措施.研究结果可为装置操作优化以及尾气H2S达标排放提供理论指导.     

长庆气田含硫天然气脱硫技术探讨

长庆气田含硫天然气中酸性组份特点是CO2含量高(大于5%)、H2S含量较低(小于0.1%),CO2/H2S比值较高(约90~160)及有机硫化物含量很小等,故需要大量脱除CO2和深度脱除H2S才能符合商品气要求。此外,气体温度较低也是其特点之一。针对以上特点,本文在对长庆气田含硫天然气脱硫工艺技术中诸如脱硫脱碳溶液的选择、原料气进吸收塔内温度分布和贫液循环流程的确定、吸收塔结构和汽提塔筒材质的选择以及吸收塔内温度分布和检测等进行分析,对已运行的脱硫装置提出部分改进意见。     

Hydrogen sulphide emission control by combined adsorption and catalytic combustion

The removal of low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide by adsorption and catalytic combustion has been studied. Concentration of hydrogen sulfide by adsorption from waste-gas streams is best effected by molecular sieve 13X, if the stream is dry, and by activated carbon, if the gas stream is moist.

Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulphide in moist gas streams can be effected over activated carbon. The reaction appears to involve ionized hydrogen sulfide, dissolved in water condensed in the pores of the carbon.

At high temperatures, both supported platinum and palladium catalysts are found to be oxidation catalysts. Palladium is the best catalyst for methane oxidation but is partially deactivated in the presence of sulfur-containing gases. In contrast, platinum was more active for the same reaction in the presence of sulfur-containing gases.

Both metals were found to promote the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide above ca. 150°C. The power rate laws describing the kinetics of reaction were determined.     

A continuous process for recovery of sulfur from natural gas containing low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide

A continuous catalytic process was developed to remove hydrogen sulfide from a natural gas stream using activated carbon as catalyst. The concentration range of hydrogen sulfide in the gas stream studied was 300–3000 ppmv (0.0126–0.126 moles/m³). Virtually 100 percent conversion of hydrogen sulfide was achieved by the combination of various parameters. The “field gas” employed in this study exhibited cracking of some heavier hydrocarbons and made the product sulfur slightly brown. These hydrocarbons should therefore be separated from the gas stream prior to the oxidation reaction. No carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide was produced during the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. It is concluded that the process described herein has the potential for the removal of hydrogen sulfide as sulfur from a sour natural gas stream on a continuous basis and could therefore eliminate an environmental problem which now exists.     

活性炭担载金属氧化物用于热煤气脱硫

以热煤气脱硫并回收单质硫为目的,考察了活性炭担载金属氧化物(M/AC)在中温范围150—250℃内,催化氧化硫化氢生成单质硫的研究。担载量1%(质量分数)的M/AC通过等体积浸渍法制得,在固定床上评价了其脱硫活性,并考察了温度、反应气氛等工艺条件对脱硫效果的影响。M/AC脱硫的活性顺序为:Mn/ACCu/ACCe/ACFe/ACCo/ACV/AC。通过DTG分析,硫化氢选择性氧化的主要产物是单质硫。M/AC上金属氧化物起主要的催化作用,催化硫化氢和氧气反应生成单质硫,生成的单质硫被吸附在活性炭的孔道中。     

活性炭的改性条件及其对硫化氢吸附性能的影响

以工业活性炭为载体制备改性活性炭,对比研究了未改性活性炭,NaOH、Na2CO3、Fe(NO3)3、Cu(Ac)2改性活性炭及挂膜硫氧化细菌后活性炭在相同条件下对硫化氢穿透时间及吸附容量的影响。结果表明：在相同控制条件下,NaOH改性活性炭明显优于其它改性剂;不同梯度改性剂条件下,20% NaOH改性活性炭对硫化氢的吸附效果最好,吸附穿透容量为78.25 mg/g,穿透时间可以达到2000 min以上;不同改性剂挂膜硫氧化细菌后对硫化氢均有一定的处理效果,其中对已达到饱和吸附的NaOH改性活性炭挂膜后的再生效果可以达到100%以上,说明挂膜硫氧化细菌活性炭对硫化氢的处理具有很好的效果。     

ANALYSIS OF THE REMOVAL OF H_2S WITH IMPREGNATED ACTIVATED CARBON

A general mathematical model with its governing equations in dimensionless forms has beendeveloped to describe the removal of hydrogen sulfide with impregnated activated carbon.Anapproximate relationship between the sulfur capacity and the reaction time in a single carbon pellet isobtained,and criterion to ascertain the rate controlling step of the process can then be deduced.Inthe meantime,the choice of the appropriate oxygen concentration and the principle to be followedare also described.     

Removal of hydrogen sulfide from light oil with solid base

A novel solid base with activated carbon as supporter and alkali and earth-alkali compounds as active components has been developed for removal of hydrogen sulfide from light oils. The experimental results indicated that the solid base has excellent adsorption capacity for hydrogen sulfide. In addition, an additive added to feedstock that can promote significantly the removal of hydrogen sulfide for the solid base was also developed. The adsorption capacity of the solid base for hydrogen sulfide was evaluated with dynamic testing.     

改性活性炭纤维脱除COS的研究

本研究采用的催化剂为活性炭纤维,采用了Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)等多种金属离子通过浸渍法改性活性炭纤维的性能,对COS进行深度脱除。本实验采用固定床反应器,分别通过改性离子的种类、含量、原料气的伴生组分、反应气氛、反应相对湿度和温度的不同催化剂的脱硫性能。结果表明:改性后的催化剂在脱硫性能上有了明显的提高,并根据实验结果推测了过渡金属离子在活性炭纤维上脱除COS的反应机理。     

Selective Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Gases Containing Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide Using Diethanolamine

Abstract

It is sometimes necessary to selectively remove hydrogen sulfide from gases containing carbon dioxide. This may be the case for example in the production of sulfur using the Claus process. When two gases are simultaneously absorbed into a solution containing a reactant with which each gas can react, the rate of absorption of each component is affected by the presence of the other gas. For the absorption of hydrogen sulfide into primary and secondary amines, the reaction which occurs can usually be considered to be instantaneous. An instantaneous reaction is diffusion-limited since the reaction occurs so rapidly that the liquid phase reactant and the absorbed gas cannot coexist in the same region of the liquid. For primary and secondary amines used for gas treatment, the reaction with carbon dioxide is much slower than for hydrogen sulfide and can often be considered to be second order.

In this work the simultaneous absorption of two gases into a liquid containing a reactant with which both gases can react is modeled using penetration theory. It is assumed that one gas reacts instantaneously and the other gas undergoes a second order reaction. Parameters used in the calculations are those available in the literature corresponding to the absorption of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in diethanolamine.     

Catalyst modification and process design considerations for the oxidation of low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas

Low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in natural gas can be selectively oxidized over an activated carbon catalyst to elemental sulfur, water and a small fraction of sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Efforts to improve catalyst performance and product sulfur quality have been made by a) modification of the catalyst composition b) removal of the heavy hydrocarbons from the feed and c) choice of reaction conditions. The use of a guard bed to absorb heavy hydrocarbons and operation at elevated pressures show positive results. A preliminary flow diagram incorporating these findings has been prepared for a small commercial unit capable of processing sour natural gas containing 1.0% H₂S.