求解非规则非致密分布数据的一种算法

考虑到空间数据分布特性差异造成聚类算法采用的不同，在比较分析K均值算法、模糊均值算法和遗传算法的基础上，提出了改进的近邻函数准则，并有机整合形成遗传算法与改进近邻函数准则的新算法，综合了遗传算法的全局性概率搜索的优点，并考虑到空间数据内在的连接方式，在一定程度上较好地解决了数据的非致密非规则分布问题。     

一种基于条件概率分布的近似重复记录检测方法

数据集成往往会形成一些近似重复记录 ,如何检测重复信息是数据质量研究中的一个热门课题 .文中提出了一种高效的基于条件概率分布的动态聚类算法来进行近似重复记录检测 .该方法在评估两个记录之间是否近似等价的问题上 ,解决了原来的算法忽略序列结构特点的问题 ,基于条件概率分布定义了记录间的距离 ;并根据近邻函数准则选择了一个评议聚类结果质量的准则函数 ,采用动态聚类算法完成对序列数据集的聚类 .使用该方法 ,对仿真数据进行了聚类实验 ,都获得了比较好的聚类结果     

非负半监督函数型聚类方法

函数型聚类分析是探索函数型数据的重要工具,现有的函数型聚类方法大多属于无监督学习,没有考虑到数据的标签信息.针对目前函数型聚类方法的无监督特性,以及函数型数据通常具备的非负性特征,提出了一种非负半监督函数型聚类方法(SSNFC),用于处理带有少量标签信息的非负函数型数据的聚类问题.首先,通过引入约束非负矩阵分解(CNMF)技术,将标签信息融入函数型聚类过程中,构建了曲线拟合、非负约束和函数型聚类相统一的一步法模型.其次,给出了模型的迭代更新求解算法,证明了算法的局部收敛性,并分析了算法的时间复杂度.最后,在随机模拟数据、Growth数据和TIMIT语音数据的实验结果表明,与无监督函数型聚类方法相比较,提出的非负半监督函数型聚类方法SSNFC有助于提高聚类性能.     

核蚁群化学聚类算法

为了提高蚁群化学聚类算法的聚类效果,通过引入径向基核函数改进蚁群化学聚类算法的相似度度量式,提出了核蚁群化学聚类算法。将核蚁群化学聚类算法用于三个标准数据集合,计算结果表明与蚁群化学聚类算法相比,核蚁群化学聚类算法聚类效果提升显著。将核蚁群化学聚类算法、核自组织神经网络映射算法和基于多项式核的结构化有向树数据聚类算法同时用于Iris数据集合,结果显示三种核聚类算法聚类效果相当。     

一种基于特征加权的蚁群聚类新算法

蚁群聚类算法作为一种群体智能的算法已经被证实可用于高维数据的聚类,能够快速有效地处理Web的海量、高维数据,但是传统的蚁群聚类算法并未考虑各维特征的贡献率,聚类的准确度有限。文中以优化聚类效果为目标,提出了一种基于特征加权的蚁群聚类新算法FWACCA,在新算法中考虑了各维特征对分类贡献的多少,合理地使用了Sigmoid概率转换函数和主客观结合的赋权法。实验结果表明此新算法可以有效减少聚类出错率,提高聚类的准确性。     

基于共享近邻和优化关联策略的边界剥离聚类

边界剥离聚类算法(BP)是一种基于密度的聚类算法,它通过逐渐剥离边界点来揭示聚类的潜在核心,已经被证明是一种十分有效的聚类手段.然而, BP算法仍存在一些不足之处:一方面,数据点的局部密度仅考虑了距离特征,使得边界点的确定不够合理;另一方面, BP算法中的关联策略容易误判异常值,并且在分配边界点时容易产生连带错误.为此,本文提出了一种基于共享近邻和优化关联策略的边界剥离聚类算法(SOBP).该算法使用了基于共享近邻的局部密度函数来更好地探索数据点之间的相似性,同时优化了BP算法中的关联策略,使得每次迭代中边界点不再仅与一个非边界点进行关联,并进一步采用了边界点与非边界点、已剥离边界点之间的双重关联准则.在一些数据集上的测试表明,相较于其他6种经典算法,该算法在评估指标上表现更佳.     

基于相对密度和流形上k近邻的聚类算法

针对传统的基于欧氏距离的相似性度量不能完全反映复杂结构的数据分布特性的问题,提出了一种基于相对密度和流形上k近邻的聚类算法。基于能描述全局一致性信息的流形距离,及可体现局部相似性和紧密度的k近邻概念,通过流形上k近邻相似度度量数据对象间的相似性,采用k近邻的相对紧密度发现不同密度下的类簇,设计近邻点对约束规则搜寻k近邻点对构成的近邻链,归类数据对象及识别离群点。与标准k-means算法、流形距离改进的k-means算法进行了性能比较,在人工数据集和UCI数据集上的仿真实验结果均表明,该算法能有效地处理复杂结构的数据聚类问题,且聚类效果更好。     

不确定数据的最优?? 近邻和局部密度聚类算法

传统聚类算法一般针对的是确定数据, 无法解决不确定数据的聚类问题; 现有基于密度的不确定数据聚类算法存在参数敏感且计算率低的问题. 对此, 在引进新的不确定数据相异度函数、最优?? 近邻、局部密度和互包含概念的基础上, 提出解决不确定数据聚类问题的不确定数据的最优?? 近邻和局部密度聚类(OLUC) 算法. 该算法不仅能降低参数敏感性, 提高计算效率, 而且具有动态自适应优化?? 近邻, 快速发现聚类中心和除噪优化的能力. 实验结果表明, 所提出的算法对无论是否存在噪声的不确定数据集都效果良好.

     

鲁棒结构正则化非负矩阵分解

现有的非负矩阵分解方法既忽略数据的非局部结构,又难以有效应对噪声和野值点。为了解决上述问题,提出一种新的用于聚类的鲁棒结构正则化非负矩阵分解算法。所提出的算法分别构建一个近邻图和一个最大熵图描述数据的局部结构和非局部结构,并使用L_2,1范数代价函数尝试解决噪声问题,从而学习到鲁棒具有判别力的表征。给出一个最优的迭代算法求解两个非负因子,该优化算法的收敛性已被理论和实验证明。在七个图像数据集上的聚类实验结果表明,所提出的算法在无噪声和有噪声情况下聚类均优于其他主流方法。     

一种改进的自适应K近邻聚类算法

为解决传统聚类算法不能处理非球形分布数据的问题,文犤5犦提出了一种自适应k近邻聚类算法。该算法在无需聚类数目的前提下,能有效解决非球形分布数据的聚类问题。但进一步的研究表明,该算法在处理带“奇异”样本的数据集时失去效果。为此,该文给出了一种改进的自适应k近邻聚类算法。仿真结果表明,新算法不仅保持了原算法在处理非球形分布数据时的优良特性,还成功解决了“奇异”样本问题。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.