某商业综合体空调通风系统设计

本文主要针对某商业综合体的项目特点,介绍了暖通空调系统的设计方案,并分别从空调冷热源系统、空调风系统、空调水系统、通风系统、空调自控系统及空调系统节能措施等方面进行了详细阐述。     

空调水系统的节能要点

空调水系统是空调系统中的重要组成部分,其运行电耗十分可观。本文从空调水系统的水力平衡、空调变水量系统和空调冷冻水系统大温差设计等三个方面,详细介绍了空调水系统的节能要点。     

建筑物暖通系统水力平衡及其应用——空调水系统的节能要点

空调水系统是空调系统中的重要组成部分，其运行电耗十分可观。本文从空调水系统的水力平衡、空调变水量系统和空调冷冻水系统大温差设计等三个方面。详细介绍了空调水系统的节能要点。     

冰蓄冷空调系统与常规空调系统的经济比较

以天津某办公大楼为例,比较冰蓄冷空调系统和常规空调系统的经济性。冰蓄冷空调系统的系统造价比常规空调系统高,年运行费用比常规空调系统低,但多出的系统造价可在短期内收回。     

济南地区空调形式选用比较

以济南某办公楼为目标，比较了水冷螺杆机组结合燃气锅炉空调系统、风冷热泵空调系统、土壤源热泵空调系统、变制冷剂流量空调系统，进行了四种空调系统的能耗及经济性分析。结果显示土壤源热泵空调系统在济南地区有较大的发展优势。     

变风量空调系统新风控制研究综述

随着变风量空调系统在我国大型公共建筑中得到广泛应用,变风量空调系统新风不足及分配不均问题逐渐受到国内外学者的高度关注。本文从变风量空调系统新风量的合理取值、变风量空调系统新风控制策略及变风量空调新风系统研究三方面介绍国内外变风量空调系统新风控制最新研究进展。最后,对变风量空调系统新风控制研究前景进行展望。     

温湿度独立控制空调系统在北京地区大型公共建筑中的应用

基于北京地区的气候特点,对某写字楼空调系统分别采用常规空调与温湿度独立控制空调系统时冷源部分的空调能耗进行了对比分析。结果表明,相对于常规空调系统,温湿度独立控制空调系统节能效果显著。     

青岛极地馆通风空调系统设计

介绍了青岛极地馆工程的空调设计,包括舒适性空调系统、动物维生空调系统及负荷计算、空调冷热源的设置、空调房间的气流组织形式、空调风系统及水系统、空调自控系统及防排烟系统等,总结了该类型建筑的一些设计经验,以供参考。     

医院集中空调的运行与管理

介绍了医院集中空调系统的分类。总结了医院集中空调系统运行管理的各项制度、冷源系统、净化空调系统、新排风及风机盘管系统、多联机系统、机房空调系统、医院空调感染管理方面的经验。介绍了医院集中空调节能管理的经验。     

暖通空调系统节能设计措施探讨

暖通空调系统的节能问题在现代社会中越来越重要。节能技术的研究开发和运用是暖通空调系统、建筑系统节能的基础。本文分别从暖通空调系统的设计,热能回收,可再生能源的空调系统以及暖通空调系统自控策略四个方面探讨了暖通空调系统节能设计的措施。     

土的基本特性及本构关系

面对土的外延持续拓展、内涵不断深化、本构模拟精度要求日趋提升的挑战,土的基本特性与本构关系研究要回归初心,面向工程需求,聚焦于达到工程分析精度而需要刻画的土的宏细观一体化特性,称作土的工程本征性。工程本征性主要有三相性、各向异性、摩擦性和剪胀性等几个方面,其内涵和发展趋势基于研究现状进行探讨。研究与刻画土的工程本征性时,应基于一体化的思路,注重细观特征和宏观特性刻画精度的均衡性,即：宏观层面的研究指导在细观层面有目标的观测,而不需要无止境的追求各类细观层面的细节;细观层面的研究为宏观层面的刻画提供充分依据,从而克服脱离细观机理的唯象假设。以土的工程本征性为核心探讨土的基本特性与本构关系研究的宏细观一体化建模方法,结合强度理论和多过程耦合模型等课题探讨研究现状与发展趋势。简要回顾本构理论研究的重要进展,指出土的本构理论研究已经具备深厚积累,以期为宏细观一体化的工程本征性研究奠定坚实的基础。     

居住区地表种植面积保障技术

本研究的目的是在现有的城市土地资源不变的情况下，在不改变现有的居住区规划设计规范条件下，通过相对简单的技术手段，探索增加居住区地表种植面积的有效措施，并用这些方法使我国已经建成的优秀居住区能新增加的绿化地表种植面积约占小区总面积的２．７％，对这我国城市居住住区环境建设的可持续发展有着积极意义。     

Debating the future of comfort: environmental sustainability, energy consumption and the indoor environment

Vast quantities of energy are consumed in heating and cooling to provide what are now regarded as acceptable standards of thermal comfort. In the UK as in a number of other countries, there is a real danger that responses in anticipation of global warming and climate change - including growing reliance on air-conditioning - will increase energy demand and CO₂ emissions even further. This is an appropriate moment to reflect on the history and future of comfort, both as an idea and as a material reality. Based on interviews and discussions with UK policy makers and building practitioners involved in specifying and constructing what will become the indoor environments of the future, four possible scenarios are identified each with different implications for energy and resource consumption. By actively promoting debate about the indoor environment and associated ways of life, it may yet be possible to avoid becoming locked into social and technical trajectories that are ultimately unsustainable. The aim of this paper is to inspire and initiate just such a discussion through demonstrating that comfort is a highly negotiable socio-cultural construct.     

Environmental impact analysis for typical office facades

The design of a building facade influences internal thermal and lighting conditions and energy use associated with the provision of these conditions. Key decisions about the building facade are usually taken during the concept design stage of a building, while decisions about the method of providing the environmental conditions are often made later in the design process. This dilemma is addressed by the development of a concept design tool that allows the design team to investigate the effect of facade design on the resulting internal environmental conditions, energy use and environmental impact. The concept design tool was developed by performing detailed thermal, lighting and environmental modelling for a number of generic office building facade designs and a range of parameters that affect directly the environmental performance of an office building. The results are presented in a user-friendly interface requiring a minimum number of inputs. Key parameter outputs (such as temperature, lighting levels, heating/cooling energy demand, embodied energy and eco-points) can then be viewed, while a more detailed analysis can also be created for specified facade designs. A parametric analysis of the summary result outputs for selected facade parameters indicates that natural ventilation and cooling can reduce the environmental impact of offices by up to 16%, although heating energy demand could increase significantly. Improving the construction standard of the facade and reducing the internal heat loads can reduce the environmental impact by up to 22%. Use of this tool at early design stages will benefit the design team through an improved understanding of the dynamics between facade design and building services and assist with a more integrated approach.     

Residential building damage and natural perils: Australian examples and issues

The most important natural perils in Australia are tropical cyclones, earthquakes, bushfires, thunderstorms, floods, landslides and tsunamis. However, as far as residential buildings are concerned, the correct relative order of importance depends on the frames of reference used. Certainly, meteorological perils are more significant than geological hazards. Residential building damage produced by the most important natural hazards is assessed. Governance is shown to be poorly related to actual risk. Tropical cyclone wind-loading codes are amongst the best in the world, but the more limited potential for storm surge damage is largely ignored. While land-use regulations are strong in some states, almost no attention has been paid to appropriate building materials for flood-prone properties. Hail is probably the most important peril along the populated south-eastern seaboard, but no regulations govern roofing materials. Other issues relating to the present understanding of damage to buildings are raised.     

和谐与个性——浅析北京应用物理及计算数学研究所信息楼的设计

对北京应用物理及计算数学研究所信息楼的建筑方案进行了总结分析，阐述了它在与规划的协调、功能、造型、细部设计等方面的设计特点，也指出了一些存在的问题。     

The dynamics of alkalinity generation by an anoxic sediment exposed to acid water

The time dependence of the rate of generation of alkalinity by productive sediments treated with acid waters was investigated for various conditions using continuously stirred flowing reactors. Complete mass balances allowed the generated alkalinity to be related to specific processes, none of which were affected by light. The high rate of oxidation of organic material was sufficient to consume all the oxygen, nitrate and sulphate supplied to the vessels during the first few days of incubation, but by 15 days sulphate reduction had ceased and oxygen and nitrate reduction were incomplete. In incubations supplied with anoxic waters there was an initial small release of calcium, but by 10–15 days the generation of alkalinity could be accounted for by nitrate reduction (23%), sulphate reduction (47%), Fe(II) production (23%) and NH₄⁺ production (7%). Iron(II) was exhausted when only 1% of the total amount of iron in the sediment had been released. In incubations supplied with oxygenated waters sulphate was only reduced during the first 10 days while oxygen was completely consumed. By 15 days there was incomplete consumption of oxygen and the generation of alkalinity was accounted for by nitrate reduction (36%), calcium release (53%) and NH₄⁺ production (11%). Comparisons of reaction rates indicate that calcium is released by being replaced by ammonium ions which are generated by decomposition of organic matter. Although, in the longer term, more base is generated by sediment incubated anoxically, sediments incubated with oxygenated water generate base more rapidly for the first few days until the most readily oxidized organic matter is consumed.     

Architecture a sspatial-textile storytelling: Metamorphosis of frieze as a narrative medium mediating the Panathenaia festival

Classical temples constructed by an entire class are considered as a democratic artifact that symbolizes social and communal beliefs and embodies religious significance. In contrast with these meanings that existing scholars have addressed, this paper investigates the extent to which architecture, as both shelter and artwork, serve as a medium of spatial-textile storytelling, providing a rich sensory context that represents and mediates culture. This study is drawn from a case study of the Ionic frieze in Parthenon, Athens, considered both a textile and spatial storytelling device. The research method applied in this paper consists of a literature review of references on the ideas on the links between textile making and architectural ornament by Gottfried Semper, as well as the historical development of the frieze in both textile weaving and classical architecture. The paper concludes that the significance of the religious Panathenaia festival is not merely depicted by the peplos identified on the central east Ionic frieze, but is also expressed in the entire representational scheme of the Ionic frieze, along with the overall spatial configuration of the Parthenon. Architecture, instantiated by the Parthenon, is regarded as spatial-textile storytelling to communicat emeanings.     

儿童友好型社区营造中的参与者社会网络构建与分析 —以湖南省长沙市育才第三小学"娃娃农园"营造实践为例

Introducing the case of the Kids’ Gardens in Yucai No. 3 Primary School in Changsha City, Hunan Province, this study established sociograms upon the contact-frequency-based network with UCINET to systematically analyze the characteristics of different participants in the process of the childfriendly community building and the varying pattern of all social relations, aiming at addressing problems emerging in public participation and multi-stakeholder collaboration in Chinese mainland. It was found that by bonding stakeholders including citizens, the government and party organizations, universities, and public institutions and enterprises, this practice encouraged the school — as a community — to leverage its internal resources. The school finally overcame the organizational inertia and achieved independent operation and growth during the process of community building. The study also demonstrated that the social network of participants was developed and defined with both independent and dependent modes from an overall perspective, of which the former characterized for its dominant internal ties and a dense tree-like hierarchical management structure might be more efficient. From a participant perspective, the brokerage roles in key nodes were critical to the community building. Finally, spatial design strategies, including enhancing the spatial affordance to serve diverse activities, space zoning and allocation, offering “half-done” spaces, and phased development, were provided for similar community building practice.     

Dutch performance-based approach to building regulations and public procurement

Along with the publication of the first set of performance-based regulations in 1991, the Netherlands Governmental Building Agency (GBA) introduced innovative performance-based procurement and tendering. A structurally different performance-based regulation document was published in 2001. A continuous research effort paralleled these developments, leading recently to the Policy Document on Building Regulations 2002-06 and the approval of a new national programme called Process and System Innovation in Building (PSIB). Actual and future developments are strongly influenced by the turmoil following the recent disclosure of the wide use of outlawed settlement of calculation cost and project 'rights' by the Dutch contractors. In addition, some blatant cases of fraudulent contract administration were revealed. By the end of 2003, key stakeholders within both the government and industry were in agreement that there was a need for radical change of the economic and social performance of the building and construction sector. The PSIB programme, in combination with a strong deregulation initiative, will be the major driver for the application of the performance approach in the sector.