钛材在滨海电站的应用

介绍了国内外全钛凝汽器的发展历史、应用现状以及我国电站用全钛凝汽器的情况调查结果.对比了我国生产的钛焊管与美、日生产的钛焊管的性能和化学成分,结果表明,宝鸡钛业股份有限公司生产的钛焊管与美、日生产的性能相当,符合美国相应标准.     

钛材在滨海电站的应用

介绍了国内外全钛凝汽器的发展历史、应用现状以及我国电站用全钛凝汽器的情况调查结果。对比了我国生产的钛焊管与美、日生产的钛焊管的性能和化学成分，结果表明，宝鸡钛业股份有限公司生产的钛焊管与美、日生产的性能相当，符合美国相应标准。     

国内外新闻

正2016年美国主要钛产品产销数据统计我国首台CAP1400核电机组凝汽器用钛焊管国产化项目开工2017年2月28日,国核示范电站CAP1400凝汽器用国产钛焊管项目开工仪式在湖南湘投金天新材料有限公司举行。东方汽轮机有限公司宣布项目正式开工启动,国核工程有限公司、山东电力工程咨询院有限公司、上海中监电气监检有限公司、湖南湘投金天科技集团、益阳(国家)高新技术产业开发区、中国核能行业协会等单位相关领导、专家参加了项目开工仪式。     

核电站凝汽器用钛焊管蒸汽腐蚀疲劳性能研究

测定了国产和进口核电站凝汽器用钛焊管在室温大气和人工海水100℃水蒸汽介质中的疲劳性能,同时采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行了观察,探讨了钛焊管的蒸汽腐蚀疲劳机理。研究结果表明:国产钛焊管与进口钛焊管的疲劳寿命较为接近,水蒸汽氛围大幅度降低了钛焊管的疲劳寿命;疲劳试样的裂纹均萌生于钛焊管焊缝区域的外表面,多为多源萌生,裂纹扩展均以条纹机理为主;断口处有少量二次裂纹,未发现沿晶断裂及周期解理断裂特征,静断区断口形貌为韧窝;从蒸汽腐蚀疲劳试样中,未能观察到明显的腐蚀产物;钛焊管的蒸汽疲劳腐蚀是交变应力和电化学腐蚀交互作用的结果。     

薄壁钛焊管卷管孔型研究

薄壁钛焊管是目前最佳抗蚀冷凝管,是滨海电站制造凝汽器不可缺少的材料。本文主要介绍生产薄壁钛焊管的关键孔型,并对研制的U、V、W形双半径孔型加以比较。指出,V形和W形孔型可以控制卷管过程中钛带的“跑偏”,其中W形孔型为生产薄壁钛管的最佳孔型。     

钛焊管生产技术

由于钛具有良好的耐蚀性,再加之焊接技术的发展,钛焊接管在电力、化工以及其它领域获得了越来越广泛的应用.美国、日本、法国等国家在大型火力和原子发电站的热交换器和冷凝器中,现已广泛应用钛薄壁焊接管.我国从80年代起.也开始研制钛焊接管,1985年,宝鸡有色金属加工厂从美国引进一组焊管生产线,经过几年的调试和试生产已生产出壁厚0.5～2.Omm的不同外径规格的钛焊管,各项技术性能都达到ASTMB333技术要求,到现在已经形成了一定的生产规模,而且开始向法国、挪威等国家出口钛焊管.     

PTA氧化反应冷凝器用钛焊管国产化分析

大宗有机原料——精对苯二甲酸(PTA)装置中,目前设备厂仍被要求首先选择钛无缝管和进口钛焊管作为PTA氧化反应冷凝器的换热管。分析了中国PTA市场需求及新投装置的规模,认为PTA氧化反应冷凝器用钛管将会有较大的市场需求,需要加快推进国产钛焊管的应用。重点分析了钛焊管与钛无缝管在加工工艺和产品质量等方面存在的差异,认为钛焊管比钛无缝管更适于用作PTA氧化反应冷凝器的换热管。经过十多年的发展,我国钛焊管的加工技术与产品质量都已与进口产品相当,国产钛焊管取代钛无缝管应用于PTA氧化反应冷凝器已成为必然趋势。     

焊管用高精度钛带的研究

本文主要介绍焊管用高精度钛带的研制工艺，以及钛带的焊管试验、焊管的性能。     

国内最大的钛焊管生产线在西安投产

2月8日,宝钛美特法力诺焊管有限公司投产仪式在西安隆重举行,这标志着国内最大的钛焊管生产线正式投产。宝钛美特法力诺焊管有限公司是由宝鸡钛业股份有限公司与法国瓦鲁瑞克集团公司下属的沃特美特     

中国钛焊管行业发展现状分析

简述了中国钛焊管行业发展的历史,重点从对进口钛带和钛管的统计数据分析,揭示了国内钛焊管市场需求的变化,进而分析了国内钛焊管产能与市场需求的关系。认为国产钛焊管产能严重过剩,并因此形成了行业内价格的恶性竞争,严重影响到钛焊管和钛带行业的健康发展。还分析了钛管和钛带近年来价格变化以及生产成本的变化情况,进一步阐明了钛焊管行业发展所面临的巨大压力和困境。     

Addition of Cobalt to Lead Anodes Used for Oxygen Evolution—A Literature Review

A review of the literature dealing with the effect of cobalt on lead-based anodes for oxygen evolution during electrolysis of sulfuric acid solutions verifies that the presence of cobalt at the anode–electrolyte interface, either as constituent of the anode material or as ions in the electrolyte, catalyzes the evolution of oxygen and reduces the corrosion of the anodes and the contamination by lead of metal cathodes produced during electrowinning. However, due to harmful effects of cobalt ions on the cathodic reaction in some processes, these benefits are limited to the electrowinning of copper. Efforts to develop a way of introducing cobalt at the anode–electrolyte interface without interfering with the cathodic reactions are reviewed in this paper. The use of lead–cobalt alloy anodes has had limited success due to issues arising from the low solubility of cobalt in lead, segregation during casting of the alloys, and nonuniform distribution of cobalt which affects the integrity of the anodes. This has been overcome in part lately by inclusion of cobalt into only the surface layer of a lead or lead alloy substrate, by thermal treatment of a cobalt salt to form a catalytic cobalt oxide surface species, or by electrodeposition of composite lead–cobalt oxide anodes. The last approach in particular has been actively investigated by several groups, but to our knowledge it is yet to find application in the industry. The review also critically examines the likely reaction mechanisms involved.     

Mining of Existing Data for Cement-Solidified Wastes Using Neural Networks

This paper summarizes the results of an investigation into the use of neural networks to analyze data collected from the literature regarding the interaction of wastes and hydraulic binders in, and final properties of, cement-solidified wastes. Neural network models were constructed for prediction of the effects of contaminants on setting time, unconfined compressive strength, and leachate pH. It was found that construction of successful models was possible, with prediction errors approaching experimental error, and that modeling was useful for generalizing about the relative effects of the input variables on the outputs using the results from the different studies. The work has shown that the potential for practical implementation of models of this type in prediction of key properties related to long-term behavior, and/or formulation design in waste treatment facilities clearly exists, but more detailed definition of the data space by experimentation, with more complete harmonization of methods and reporting of experimental results, will be necessary to develop reliable commercial models.     

自动化技术在露天金属矿山的应用实践

随着我国经济的快速发展,在自动化技术在露天金属矿山的应用实践方面也是相对重视起来,经济的快速发展间接影响着我国的矿山资源需求的增长,从对矿山连续生产的角度来看,新技术对于露天金属矿山的开采具有重要意义。露天金属矿山的开采技术的提出代表我国的自动化技术在露天金属矿山的应用实践到达了一个新的高度,对于国家的发展以及人民对于物质生活的越来越高的要求都从侧面激发着露天金属矿山的开采技术的研究发展。自动化技术在矿山生产中的充分运用,主要在矿山开采与生产效率上得到了充分的体现。     

Response Surface Models to Detect and Localize Distributed Cracks in a Complex Continuum

Linear response surface (RS) models are used to represent the relationship between samples of response time histories measured by sensors placed across a structure. Different structural states of a general time-variant system are considered for short intervals capturing a linearized model of each state. Within this framework, the error associated with each RS model is sensitive to a modification of the structural state. A method that relates the changes of the statistical characterization of the error to the occurrence of a structural modification is developed for damage detection. The localization of damage is then pursued by identifying the largest discrepancies resulting from the comparison between the statistics of the sum of the squares of the error obtained at each sensor location. The generality of the method is shown by applying it to the experimental data of a realistic structure, which is representative of a continuous body affected by distributed cracking.     

New Orleans Levee System Performance during Hurricane Katrina: London Avenue and Orleans Canal South

Hurricane Katrina was one of the worst natural disasters in U.S. history. The effects of the hurricane were particularly devastating in the city of New Orleans. Most of the damage was due to the failure of the levee system that surrounds the city to protect it from flooding. This paper presents the results of centrifuge models conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers simulating the behavior of the levees at London Avenue North and South that failed during Hurricane Katrina. Those levees failed without being overtopped by the storm surge. Also included are the results of a centrifuge model of one levee section at Orleans Canal South, which did not fail during the hurricane. The key factor of the failure mechanism of the London Avenue levees was the formation of a gap between the flooded side of the levee and the sheetpile. This gap triggered a reduction of the strength at the foundation of the protected side of the levee. The results are fully consistent with field observations.     

A duplex theory of hate: Development and application to terrorism, massacres, and genocide.

This article presents a triangular theory of the structure of hate and a story-based theory of the development of triangles of hate. Hate is proposed to be 1 contributing cause of many, although certainly not all, massacres and genocides. The article describes why the problem of terrorism, massacres, and genocide is of critical importance to psychology; reviews theories of the instigation of massacres and genocides; and then presents the duplex theory. The role of propaganda and other instigating factors is discussed. The benefits and limitations of the proposed duplex theory of hate are reviewed. Possible remedies for hate also are delineated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Particle Network Model for Simulating the Filtration of a Microfine Cement Grout in Sand

This paper describes the application of a quasi-one-demensional (1D) network, bubble model to simulate the filtration of a microfine cement suspension injected through a column of sand. The bubble model represents the soil column as a series of homogeneous sites linked through bundles of cylindrical bonds that characterize the distribution of pores. The model captures mechanisms of particle sieving at the inlet sites and infiltration within each of the bonds under the action of hydrodynamic and gravitational forces. The behavior of each bond is based on numerical simulations of particle transport, collection, mounding, and clogging within a cylindrical model pore. Two empirical parameters are introduced to account for uncertainties in particle attachment at the pore wall and observed mechanisms of resuspension of hindered particles. In principal, these parameters can be calibrated from measurements of effluent concentrations. The bubble model provides useful physical insights to explain the transient dynamics of filtration processes. The model is able to provide consistent predictions of pore pressures measured in 1D column injection tests reported in the literature.     

Failure Analysis of a Bridge Embankment with Cracked Approach Slabs and Leaking Sand

This paper describes a successful failure analysis to determine the causes of loss of backfill sand from a mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall, and cracks on the concrete approach slabs on top of it. The Texas Department of Transportation was concerned that the cracks on the approach slabs may be related to the excessive loss of backfill from behind the MSE walls, and that the embankment structure may be unsafe due to potential voids under the concrete slab. Several cubic meters of sugar sand had washed out of the wall and deposited adjacent to the paneled walls. A series of destructive and nondestructive tests were carried out to determine the causes of the problems. It was found that the cracking of the approach slab and the loss of backfill were unrelated. Suggestions for resolving both problems were made based on this study.     

Some Features of Coalescence Processes and Mechanisms in Systems of Nonmetallic Crystalline Particles

The influence of particle size, presence of soluble impurities, and the development of solid-state polytype transitions in systems of nonmetallic crystalline particles on coalescence mechanisms during sintering is considered. The following cases that have not been studied previously are discussed. Coalescence is activated by oxygen during sintering fine plasma chemical powders of AlN, TiC, and TiN. Its mechanism may be considered as alloy formation realized by movement of a boundary between areas differing in oxygen concentration. Development of this coalescence governs the formation of collective grain growth centers. Polytype transitions in self-bonded SiC give rise to the occurrence of Ostwald coalescence accomplished as recrystallization by the grain in grain type. Polytype transitions in SiC and AlN may cause the growth of fine monopolytype grains at the expense of coarse grains consisting of a collection of multilayer polytypes. On the example of silicon-bonded SiC it is shown that during liquid-phase sintering of ceramic materials with solubility of solid phase in the liquid phase three types of Ostwald coalescence may be realized differing in the mass-transfer mechanisms: reprecipitation through the liquid phase (solution of carbon in silicon); joining of two or more single original SiC particles by a single-crystal shell forming as a result of crystallization of the condensed phase from the melt-solution; combined reprecipitation through a liquid phase and recrystallization by migration of boundaries between particles.     

From the editors.

Introduces the articles appearing in this issue of Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. Of particular interest in this issue are the breadth and the rigor of the methodology that underlie the substantive and theoretical issues addressed in the work. The issue begins with an article from Dean Keith Simonton, who looks at the idea of what success in film is and how different indicators of success (critical, box office, etc.) are related to one another over the life of a film. Paul Silvia, James C. Kaufman, and Jean Pretz then address the question of the domain specificity of creativity. The third article shifts to the field of music and looks at the relationship between personality characteristics and how people use music in their lives. The next article reports the results of an experimental design that looked at recognition of objects in cubist paintings and pupil dilation after having made a classification of an object. The next article looks at differences in the motivations and personality characteristics of individuals who visit modern art museums versus ancient art museums. Next, Patricia Stokes uses the problem-solving approaches of Reitman and Simon in a case study examining the sculpture of Richard Serra. The issue concludes with an analysis of the idea of “lived experience” as it relates to the psychology of aesthetics and art making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)