后张预应力加固带构造柱砖墙性能研究

为解决带构造柱砖砌体墙体在地震作用下易开裂、易发生脆性破坏等抗震性能差的问题,提出了一种新型后张预应力加固带构造柱砖砌体方法。为验证该方法的加固效果,进行了8片带构造柱砖砌体墙片在水平低周反复荷载下的试验,包括1片无预应力筋加固的对比墙片;7片均匀布置不同对数预应力钢筋与不同竖向预应力的加固墙片。并进一步基于MSC.MARC有限元软件分析了其在单调位移加载下的受力形态。试验与有限元仿真结果共同表明该方法可以显著提高无筋墙体的抗剪强度与整体性能,从而显著提高其抗震能力。在验证有限元计算方法正确的基础上进行了有限元参数化分析,分析结果表明在预应力钢筋应力比为0.4时加固效果较好。     

碳纤维板嵌缝加固砖墙抗震性能试验研究

粘贴碳纤维片材加固砌体结构可以有效提高其抗震性能,但并不适用于建筑立面有要求的古建砌体结构。为此,采用碳纤维板嵌缝加固砌体墙,即在墙体表面剔除既有水平灰缝内的部分砂浆,通过结构胶将碳纤维板嵌入砌体墙内,使墙体、结构胶、碳纤维板黏结成为整体。该方法既不改变墙体的外观现状,又可以有效提高砌体墙的抗震性能。为研究这种方法对砌体结构的加固效果,通过3片墙体的低周往复荷载试验,对比研究了单面和双面碳纤维板材嵌缝加固砌体砖墙的抗震性能。试验结果表明：碳纤维板材嵌缝加固可以改变墙体的破坏模式,使墙体的破坏模式由脆性的剪切破坏转为延性较好的弯剪破坏或者弯曲破坏,显著提高墙体的承载能力、变形能力、延性和耗能能力;与未加固墙体相比,单面加固和双面加固墙体的位移延性系数分别提高了3.94%和25.81%,双面加固墙体的延性提高幅度更大;与单面加固墙体相比,双面加固墙体的滞回曲线更加饱满,耗能能力更强。     

性能增强古建筑砌体墙抗震性能试验及有限元分析

为提高古建筑砌体结构抗震性能,设计制作了3组古建筑砌体试块和3片古建筑砌体墙试件,分别利用环氧树脂和甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行性能增强。通过试块的材料力学性能试验研究其力学性能,提出了性能增强古建筑砌体的本构关系;通过墙体的拟静力试验研究了性能增强古建筑砌体墙的破坏形态、滞回性能、延性、耗能能力等。结果表明:高分子材料能够有效约束古建筑砌体结构墙体裂缝的开展,提高墙体的承载力和变形能力,其中采用环氧树脂进行性能增强后,墙体承载力和延性相对于未增强墙体分别提高了30%和31%,采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行性能增强后,墙体承载力和延性分别提高了18%和42%;性能增强后墙体的滞回环面积和等效黏滞阻尼系数均大于未增强墙体,耗能能力得到增强;最后根据拟合试验曲线建立性能增强古建筑砌体的本构模型,并进行了有限元分析,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,可为古建筑砌体结构抗震保护提供参考。     

后张预应力加固砖砌体墙体抗震性能试验研究

提出了采用后张预应力对砖砌体结构进行抗震加固的新技术,为验证加固效果,进行了8片采用后张预应力技术加固的砖砌体墙体在水平低周反复荷载下的试验研究.对比分析了未加固墙体与加固墙体的破坏形态和受力特点.试验结果表明,后张预应力加固砖砌体墙体可以显著提高墙体的抗震性能,加固后墙体的抗剪承载力提高幅度介于1.28～2.11倍之间,延性系数提高幅度介于1.33 ～3.8倍之间,墙体的破坏形态也明显改善.在试验研究的基础上,提出了后张预应力加固砖砌体墙体的施工工艺.     

不同轴压比下纤维增强水泥基复合材料加固砌体墙抗震性能数值模拟研究

纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)被广泛应用于砌体墙的加固中,其加固效果受到墙体轴压比的影响。通过对未加固砌体墙进行模拟并进行模型的可靠性验证,对在0.1、0.3、0.5轴压比下的未加固砌体墙和ECC加固砌体墙进行模型设置,施加模拟地震作用的边界条件,最后对模拟结果的破坏模态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和累积耗能进行对比分析,研究不同轴压比对ECC加固砌体墙的抗震性能的影响。结果表明,当轴压比分别为0.1、0.3、0.5时,ECC加固墙体所能承受的水平峰值荷载较未加固墙体分别提高了33.78%、26.45%、21.97%,说明ECC加固能够显著提高砌体墙的抗震性能并延缓其破坏过程。     

钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带法加固砌体结构单片墙拟静力试验研究

为建立设置钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带的加固墙体抗剪承载力计算公式,分析钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带与母墙之间的共同工作机理,进行了12片高宽比不大于1的单片墙拟静力试验。试验结果表明,在砖砌体墙单侧或双侧增抹40～60mm厚、250～300mm宽的钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带对于砌体墙的抗震性能有较大的提高,加固后墙体的极限承载力比未加固墙体提高了40%以上,延性明显提高,经机理分析和数值拟合而建立的加固后组合墙体的抗剪承载力计算公式的计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

后植筋加固砖墙体抗震性能试验研究

针对砌体的加固,提出了采用机械开凿的方法在砌体上开水平槽植入钢筋并以高强灌浆料握裹固定的后植筋加固方法,制作了2片采用后植筋加固的墙体试件和2片未加固的对比墙体试件,进行了低周反复荷载作用下的对比试验,比较2种不同高宽比加固墙体的破坏形态、承载力、延性、刚度退化和耗能等抗震性能。研究结果表明：采用后植筋加固的墙体受剪承载力较对比墙体提高25%,延性和耗能能力也有很大提高。通过分析后植筋加固墙体的受力机理,提出了后植筋加固墙体受剪承载力的计算式。     

高延性混凝土加固无筋砖砌体墙抗震性能试验研究

为提高砖砌体墙的抗震性能,采用高延性混凝土（HDC）对其进行加固,对4片HDC加固砖墙和2片作为对比试件的未加固砖墙进行低周水平往复加载试验,主要研究不同加固形式（构造带加固和面层加固）及墙体砂浆强度对加固砖砌体墙的滞回性能、破坏形态、水平承载力及刚度退化等抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明：采用HDC加固可显著提高墙体的承载力和位移延性,延缓墙体开裂和刚度退化,改善墙体的脆性破坏特征;HDC构造带可对砖墙形成有效约束作用,改变墙体的破坏模式。基于试件的破坏形态,提出加固墙体的承载力计算方法,并根据试验结果进行了验证。     

小开洞砌体墙抗震性能研究

为研究小开洞砌体墙的抗震性能,设计了3片小开洞砌体墙试件和1片无洞口砌体墙试件,并进行了低周往复加载试验;介绍了砌体墙试件的主要破坏过程及破坏机理,对比分析了各片砌体墙承载力、抗侧刚度及延性等抗震性能差异;基于试验建立有限元模型,研究了开洞率及洞口位置对砌体墙抗震性能的影响。结果表明：小开洞砌体墙破坏机理较实体墙发生了显著改变,无洞口墙表现为明显的转动破坏特征,小开洞墙主要表现为典型的脆性剪切破坏;开单个小洞口会削弱砌体墙的水平承载力和抗侧刚度,大幅降低墙体的延性;增加洞口数量或高度可适当提高小开洞砌体墙的抗震性能;随着开洞率的增大,墙体承载力和初始刚度逐渐下降,延性性能表现为先降低后提高的趋势;竖直方向上,洞口越往下,墙体抗震性能越差,水平方向上,洞口宜居中布置。     

大断裂应变PET纤维布和旧牛仔布加固砖墙抗震性能试验研究

为提高既有砌体结构无圈梁构造柱砖墙的抗震性能,进行了大断裂应变PET纤维布和旧牛仔布加固砖墙抗震性能的对比试验研究,包括2片未加固砖墙和3片加固砖墙试件。研究结果表明:粘贴大断裂应变纤维布能够显著提高砖墙的抗剪承载力、变形能力、延性、刚度和耗能能力,若加强锚固措施可进一步提高加固效果;PET加固无圈梁构造柱墙体的各项力学性能提高程度均优于PET加固有圈梁构造柱墙体;粘贴旧牛仔布能显著提高无圈梁构造柱砖墙的抗剪承载力、变形能力、刚度和耗能能力。针对试验过程中砖墙的破坏机理,提出了相应的计算方法,其计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

砌块房屋抗震性能及其加固的研究

本文在砌块房屋抗震性能方面,主要研究了单片墙的垂直压应力,开洞和高宽比等三种效应以及探讨了砌块墙在水平力作用下的破坏机理、滞回特性和强度计算。共进行了29片墙体和1栋1:2两层模型房屋的试验。 在用钢筋混凝土柱加固砌块砌体的抗震能力的研究方面,重点放在加固前与加固后,破坏与修复等基本性能的对比,以及加固后的破坏机理和其强度计算。共进行了4片开洞墙和2栋1:2两层模型房屋的试验。 此外,本文也给出了在水平力作用下砌块砌体的极限剪切变形值。     

嵌缝加固条石砌筑石墙的抗震性能初探

提出钢筋-聚合物砂浆对条石砌筑石墙进行嵌缝加固的方法。通过两组共5个干砌甩浆石墙加固试件和对比试件低周反复加载试验,研究所提加固方法加固条石砌筑石墙的抗震性能和加固效果。加固对象包括未损伤石墙和水平灰缝滑移破坏的损伤石墙。其中,未损伤石墙采用钢筋-聚合物砂浆嵌缝加固方法;发生单缝水平滑移破坏损伤石墙的加固采用对破坏灰缝嵌入聚合物砂浆和钢筋剪力键。通过对试验过程的观察,了解加固后石墙的破坏过程和破坏形态,分析加固后石墙的承载能力、变形性能、耗能能力和刚度退化等。试验结果表明,加固后石墙的承载力得到明显的提高,墙体的整体性能和抗震能力有较大的改善。     

Modelling of the bond–slip behavior in FRP reinforced masonry

The strengthening of out-of-plane loaded unreinforced masonry (URM) walls strengthened with near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP strips has proven to be an innovative and cost effective strengthening technique. Since the performance of FRP-strengthened URM walls is often controlled by the behavior of the interface between the FRP and masonry, it is very important to model the bond–slip relationship accurately. In this paper, the bond–slip behavior of the FRP-to-masonry interface in a pull test was simulated by solid continuum elements where detailed information of the interface could be modelled directly. The masonry prism in the pull test was modelled using a previously derived homogenized model. For comparisons of computational efficiency, a continuum model, in which the mortar and masonry brick units are discritized individually, and the commonly used smeared-crack model were also employed to model the masonry prism in the pull test. A thin layer of interface elements was used to simulate the behavior of the FRP-to-masonry interfaces in each model. The accuracy and efficiency of the homogenized model together with the interface elements was validated by experimental data from (a) uniaxial pull tests of a NSM strip bonded to a masonry prism and (b) an out-of-plane loaded full-scale masonry wall strengthened with NSM CFRP strips running in the vertical direction. The simulated results using the homogenized model were found to agree well with test data from both sets of tests.     

FRP和TRC加固砌体墙受剪性能试验研究

砌体结构的抗震性能较差,且砌体墙作为主要承载构件易在地震中受到面内剪切作用。而加固是提高砌体墙面内受剪性能的有效方法。FRP (fiber-reinforced polymer)和TRC(textile-reinforced concrete)两种材料具有轻质、高强、耐腐蚀等优势,在应用于砌体结构加固时增强效果显著。为了比较这两种材料加固砌体墙的受剪性能,采用砂浆、FRP和TRC对砌体墙进行加固,进行了加固砌体墙试件的面内受剪试验,分析不同加固方式的破坏模式、承载力、延性和耗能能力。研究表明,未加固和砂浆加固的砌体墙在破坏时有不同程度的脆性特征,采用FRP和TRC加固均可改善这一现象。在本研究试验条件下,FRP和TRC在提升峰值剪应力方面增强效果相似,但TRC加固试件在延性和耗能方面效果更好。最后,结合现有规范中的相关计算方法,计算FRP和TRC加固层的受剪承载力,并且将计算值与试验值进行对比以评估相关计算方法的合理性,结果表明相关计算方法较为保守。     

Creep of concrete masonry walls strengthened with FRP composites

The objective of the research was to examine the creep behavior of masonry walls strengthened with FRP composites compared to that of conventional reinforcement. Eight full-scale (40 in wide by 96 in tall [1.02 m × 2.44 m]) unreinforced concrete masonry walls were constructed for testing long-term deflections out-of-plane. The walls were strengthened with externally bonded CFRP or GFRP composites. Two additional walls were constructed with mild steel reinforcement grouted in the center cell of the specimens. Long-term deflections due to creep in FRP reinforced walls were shown to be ≈22–56% higher than those of steel reinforced walls.     

喷涂聚氨酯加固黏土砖砌体墙抗震性能有限元分析

为考察聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能及其对黏土砖砌体墙抗震性能的加固效果,对29个聚氨酯弹性体试样进行轴向拉伸试验,得到其在准静态条件下的三折线受拉应力-应变拟合曲线,利用ABAQUS对喷涂聚氨酯弹性体砖砌体墙建立有限元模型。通过对比6片未加固黏土砖墙试验结果,对砖砌体墙有限元模型的可靠性进行验证,利用验证后的模型研究在平面内拟静力加载条件下,不同聚氨酯弹性体层厚度(3、6、9 mm)、不同加固方式(单面加固、双面加固)对砖砌体墙抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明：无论是喷涂单面或双面聚氨酯弹性体均可提高砖砌体墙的滞回性能。相较于未加固模型,聚氨酯加固模型的峰值荷载、位移延性系数和总耗能分别提高了8.09%~10.05%、25.26%~34.02%和17.94%~19.54%。针对单面加固模型,当加固厚度在6 mm以内时,模型承载能力和变形能力随着厚度的增大略有提高;当加固厚度超过6 mm时,其承载能力和变形能力随着厚度的增大却略有降低。     

碳纤维布加固修复砖砌体的研究与工程实践

通过 4片碳纤维布加固砖砌体在周期反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验 ,研究了粘贴碳纤维布加固修复砖砌体这种方法的有效性。研究了碳纤维布加固砖砌体的受力特性 ,分析了碳纤维布的用量以及“X”形贴布方式等因素对砖砌体加固效果的影响 ,还提出了碳纤维布加固砖砌体抗剪承载力的简化计算方法。在此基础上 ,进行了碳纤维布加固修复砖砌体的工程实践。     

Shear capacity of masonry walls externally strengthened by a cement-based composite material: An experimental campaign

Composite materials are getting more and more common for strengthening existing members and structures; fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are widely used, while carbon-fiber-reinforced cement matrix (CFRCM) materials have been more recently proposed especially for strengthening masonry members. In the present paper, the results of an experimental campaign carried out on tuff-masonry walls strengthened in shear by a cement-based composite are reported and commented. The reinforced masonry walls failed after loss of adhesion between the strengthening layer and the masonry substrate. Comparisons between the experimental results and some analytical formulations available in the scientific literature for determining shear resistance of strengthened masonry walls are finally proposed. Huge variability can be observed by applying those alternative formulations which are not able to reproduce the premature nature of the observed failure mode. Consequently, the present study is a thorough experimental report which can be useful for developing and validating more refined theoretical models for describing the ultimate behaviour of masonry walls externally strengthened by FRP.     

Stochastic spatial modelling of material properties and structural strength of unreinforced masonry in two-way bending

The paper describes the development of a computational method to predict the strength for unreinforced masonry walls subject to two-way out-of-plane bending considering unit-to-unit spatial variability of the material properties of mortar joints and bricks. The study involves conducting a numerical simulation of full-sized walls subject to two-way bending using stochastic analysis in the form of Monte Carlo simulations and comparing the results with experimental work. A 3-D non-linear Finite Element Analysis is used to study how the spatial variability of material properties affect non-load bearing wall failure progression. The numerical results are compared to the experimental results in terms of the wall failure progression and wall capacity. It is shown that the model which considers the spatial variability of brickwork can best capture the failure patterns and predict the cracking and ultimate loads for walls subjected to two-way bending.