热处理对B+级钢铸件焊补区域硬度影响研究

由于砂型铸造生产的铸件在浇注及凝固过程中有产生裂纹、缩孔、砂眼、气孔等缺陷的可能性，为了修复铸件表面缺陷，焊补是B+级铸件生产过程中必不可少的工序。焊补及其后续热处理工艺对铸件质量及其力学性能有较大的影响，尤其是焊补区域及其热影响区的硬度分布不均会使铸件表面产生较大的残余应力，影响铸件的疲劳强度。通过对8组不同试件的焊补区域及其热影响区的硬度研究，深入浅出的分析了热处理工艺对B+级钢铸件焊补区域的硬度影响。     

大型铸铁件导轨缺陷的热焊补方法

详细叙述了大型铸铁导轨缺陷的热焊补方法，从不同角度考虑选取了铸件的焊补工艺。用此工艺焊补铸件，焊补区域与基体间没有明显的熔合线，无渣孔、气孔等缺陷。     

修补铸件缺陷的方法

铁铸件的缺陷可以用各种焊补方法加以修补。有些车间已建立了熟练的技术领导,订有符合于铸件技术条件的操作规程。但是大多数车间内常常没有焊接技师,偶然采用不是经常有理论根据的焊补方法,结果发现在焊补的铸件上有局部白口、孔隙、蜂窝和裂缝等,因而引起人们对于用焊补法修补铸件缺陷的可靠性发生怀疑。     

铸件缺陷修复技术应用实例

铸造缺陷修补机的焊补是一种新型焊补方法，它利用电阻生热的原理，将补材瞬间熔化在缺陷处，熔化速度快(us级)，熔化频率高(1．5～30次／s)，熔化点小(Ф≤1．5mm)、无熔池、输出热量准确，在整个焊补过程中，铸件始终处于常温状态，避免了铸件的裂纹、硬点、软化、烧痕等多种问题的出现，可以满足大部分铸件的焊补要求，是一种值得广泛推广的新技术。本文介绍了利用该方法进行的试棒修复试验和几种产品的实际焊补结果。     

大型铝合金铸件焊接修补技术研究

介绍了大型铝合金铸件的焊接修复技术，从焊补角度出发，提出了大型铝合金铸件的铸造工艺设计原则、焊接设备选择、焊补工艺及焊缝检验规则。采用本文所述技术，实现了对超大型铝合金铸件的焊修补，质量达到了产品技术要求。     

灰口铸铁焊补工艺的分类

铸铁是工业上应用非常广泛的一种金属材料,但是这种材料的焊补却比较困难。由于铸铁焊补时存在有白口及淬硬、裂纹、加工性、熔合性等问题;还对焊补区与原母材应具有颜色相同等要求。因此,在灰口铸铁的焊补方法与工艺是多样的。讨论铸铁焊补工艺的分类,能更好地揭示铸铁焊补的本质,以便于焊工掌握铸铁的焊补技术。 1. 铸铁的热焊(包括半热焊) 铸铁的热焊具有如下特点: (1)铸件焊前需预热至600～700℃(半热焊预热至400℃),不仅有效地减少了焊件的温差,而且铸件处于高温,具有一定的塑     

球墨铸铁件的焊补

由于QT500-7泥浆泵变速箱下箱体铸件轴承孔尺寸偏大,没有加工余量,对其进行了焊补。根据对铸件材料焊接性能的分析,决定采用堆焊工艺进行修补。介绍了焊补工艺过程。修补后的铸件达到了轴承装配要求。     

汽轮机铸铁隔板的焊接

我厂较大的铸铁件主要有汽轮机隔板、轴承箱、中汽缸等。铸件容易产生裂纹、气孔、缩孔、夹杂等铸造缺陷。对于一些必须进行焊补的铸件,必须正确选择焊补方法和焊接材料,亦就是说制定正确的焊补工艺,既保证焊补质量又作到经     

ZL102合金的焊补质量

在铝合金铸件生产中,用焊补的方法挽救铸件的缺陷和尺寸偏差是一种重要手段。对于生产周期长、复杂的大型铸件,焊补可减少废品率,节能,省材,省工,其经济性尤为显著。焊补后铸件质量到底如何,尚无可靠的数据说明。据电子工业部制订“铝合金铸件技术条件”的要求,结合我厂二十多年生产实践,对ZL102合金用气焊和碳弧焊进行一次和二次重复焊补试验,研究其焊接区、熔合线和热影响区及本体三部分的化学成份、机械性能和金相组织的变化情况,从而得出能够用焊补的方法来挽救铸件缺陷的结论。     

QT400-18球墨铸铁焊补工艺研究

球墨铸铁铸造生产中难免产生铸造缺陷,根据铸件技术要求可以采用焊补修复。然而,球墨铸铁含碳量高,焊接性能差,焊补过程中易产生白口组织和裂纹。通过对QT400-18球墨铸铁焊补工艺进行研究,制定严格的焊补工艺,通过与母材对比结果表明,选用Z408焊补后的硬度稍高,不适合用于加工面的焊补处理,Z308焊条焊补后的硬度与母材接近,可以用于加工面的焊补处理,Z308焊条和Z408焊条焊补后的抗拉强度和屈服强度基本与母材一致,不影响铸件的使用性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.