The Analysis and Performance of Multi-Rate Service in Distributed Video-on-Demand Systems

In this paper, we develop an end-to-end analysis of a distributed Video-on-Demand (VoD) system that includes an integrated model of the server and the network subsystems with analysis of its impact on client operations. The VoD system provides service to a heterogeneous client base at multiple playback rates. A class-based service model is developed where an incoming video request can specify a playback rate at which the data is consumed on the client. Using an analytical model, admission control conditions at the server and the network are derived for multi-rate service. We also develop client buffer requirements in presence of network delay bounds and delay jitter bounds using the same integrated framework of server and network subsystems. Results from an extensive simulation show that request handling policies based on limited redirection of blocked requests to other resources perform better than load sharing policies. The results also show that downgrading the service for blocked requests to a lower bitrate improves VoD system performance considerably. Combining the downgrade option with restrictions on access to high bitrate request classes is a powerful tool for manipulating an incoming request mix into a workload that the VoD system can handle.     

基于非精确网络状态信息的多服务器选择

服务器复制经常被用来作为改进处理大量客户请求的服务能力的方法．在采用服务器复制时．一个关键的问题是客户如何确定哪一个服务器是最好的,通过一个简易的服务器模型，研究了在延时非精确的网络情形下，通过采用智能的票据探测技术，同时搜索延时较小的网络路径并探测目的服务器性能来进行多服务器选择的算法．仿真结果显示，与其它几种多服务器选择算法比较，由于综合考虑了服务器延时和网络延时的最优，我们的算法可以取得最好的性能．     

A distributed computing tool for generating neural simulation databases

After developing a model neuron or network, it is important to systematically explore its behavior across a wide range of parameter values or experimental conditions, or both. However, compiling a very large set of simulation runs is challenging because it typically requires both access to and expertise with high-performance computing facilities. To lower the barrier for large-scale model analysis, we have developed NeuronPM, a client/server application that creates a "screen-saver" cluster for running simulations in NEURON (Hines & Carnevale, 1997). NeuronPM provides a user-friendly way to use existing computing resources to catalog the performance of a neural simulation across a wide range of parameter values and experimental conditions. The NeuronPM client is a Windows-based screen saver, and the NeuronPM server can be hosted on any Apache/PHP/MySQL server. During idle time, the client retrieves model files and work assignments from the server, invokes NEURON to run the simulation, and returns results to the server. Administrative panels make it simple to upload model files, define the parameters and conditions to vary, and then monitor client status and work progress. NeuronPM is open-source freeware and is available for download at http://neuronpm.homeip.net . It is a useful entry-level tool for systematically analyzing complex neuron and network simulations.     

以客户为中心的浏览器／服务器（B／S）网络计算模型

目前普遍使用的B／S计算方案难以胜任大运算负荷、非稳定、交互型的计算任务。原因在于,目前基于Web的计算方案的主要计算中心建立在服务器端,从而在客户与服务器之间的通讯、多用户并发请示、计算稳定性等方面都存在很多问题。本文在保留目前B／S网络计算模式的优点的前提下,提出以客户端为计算中心,服务器为数据交换中心的网络计算模型,避免了上述问题的出现。文章将提出的网络计算模型应用于人工神经网络,结合化工应用中的典型计算任务,例示了以客户为中心的B／S网络计算模型的要素。结果表明,该模型对耗时、非稳定、交互的科学计算任务具有明显的优越性,且比以服务器为中心的计算模型更具有发展潜力。同时,这种模型也应该是未来软件出租服务的模式之一。     

基于改进心跳包机制的整流远程监控系统

为了保持基于TCP/IP协议的远程通信的快速性和稳定性,设计一种基于Socket的心跳包机制,并将其应用于一个基于C/S模式的远程监控系统。在客户机与服务器两端设计不同的心跳机制,通过在服务器与客户机之间传递心跳包数据,判断服务器与客户机之间的连接状况,并在网络堵塞时通过连续请求连接来实现重新连通,从而保证系统在网络堵塞时能够有效连通,在网络断开时提示用户。在一个单服务器多客户机模式的模型下,用Socket实现了该机制。该心跳包机制已应用于一个C/S模式的整流装置远程监控系统,通过对系统和模型进行测试表明,该模型达到了较好的效果,提升了系统的可用性和可靠性。     

基于P2P的视频点播系统设计

随着计算机网络和多媒体技术的发展,人们对网络视频点播的需求越来越高,高清、流畅和互动已经成为人们对视频点播的要求,在传统的C/S模式的视频点播系统中,客户终端要观看视频都需要依赖中心化的视频服务器,而且对带宽的要求越来越大,视频服务器就容易成为网络的瓶颈,当网络规模越大时,服务器的负担就会越重,一旦服务器崩溃,整个网络就会瘫痪。另外由于服务器的能力有限,往往不能及时地对每一个客户端的请求作出响应,因此会造成资源利用率低下。P2P网络中没有中心化的服务器,不存在系统瓶颈,每个节点既充当客户端又充当服务器端,因而具有很高的资源利用率。     

A dynamic binary translation system in a client/server environment

With rapid advances in mobile computing, multi-core processors and expanded memory resources are being made available in new mobile devices. This trend will allow a wider range of existing applications to be migrated to mobile devices, for example, running desktop applications in IA-32 (x86) binaries on ARM-based mobile devices transparently using dynamic binary translation (DBT). However, the overall performance could significantly affect the energy consumption of the mobile devices because it is directly linked to the number of instructions executed and the overall execution time of the translated code. Hence, even though the capability of today’s mobile devices will continue to grow, the concern over translation efficiency and energy consumption will put more constraints on a DBT for mobile devices, in particular, for thin mobile clients than that for severs. With increasing network accessibility and bandwidth in various environments, it makes many network servers highly accessible to thin mobile clients. Those network servers are usually equipped with a substantial amount of resources. This provides an opportunity for DBT on thin clients to leverage such powerful servers. However, designing such a DBT for a client/server environment requires many critical considerations.In this work, we looked at those design issues and developed a distributed DBT system based on a client/server model. It consists of two dynamic binary translators. An aggressive dynamic binary translator/optimizer on the server to service the translation/optimization requests from thin clients, and a thin DBT on each thin client to perform lightweight binary translation and basic emulation functions for its own. With such a two-translator client/server approach, we successfully off-load the DBT overhead of the thin client to the server and achieve a significant performance improvement over the non-client/server model. Experimental results show that the DBT of the client/server model could achieve 37% and 17% improvement over that of non-client/server model for x86/32-to-ARM emulation using MiBench and SPEC CINT2006 benchmarks with test inputs, respectively, and 84% improvement using SPLASH-2 benchmarks running two emulation threads.     

基于C#的远程数据库访问系统的设计和实现

该系统应用微软公司新开发的语言C#,以网络编程核心WindowsSockets和客户/服务器模式为基础,实现对远程数据库的访问。服务器与数据库服务器通过ActiveX数据对象(ADO.NET)中的数据提供程序SQLServer.NET来连接,服务器负责把客户端命令解释为SQLServer语句,然后提交给数据库服务器进行操作,并把返还结果传给客户端。客户对信息的获取快捷方便。ADO.NET使得对系统的维护和更改更容易,系统的可伸缩性与互操作性更强。该系统可以运用在企业的网络数据库系统中。     

A Universal File Server

A file server is a utility provided in a computer connected via a local communications network to a number of other computer. File servers exist to preserve material for the benefit of client machines or systems. It is desirable for a file server to be able to support multiple file directory and access management systems, so that the designer of a client system retains the freedom to design the system that best suits him. For example, he may wish to use the rile server to support a predefimed directory structure or as a swapping disk. The paper explores the dedgn issues associated with such a file server and proposes some solutions.     

基于C/S的计算在颗粒运动仿真中的应用研究

该文介绍了一个基于服务器和客户机分布式计算的颗粒运动仿真系统。在仿真实验中，单机系统无法满足仿真的各项指标要求，特别是用户交互的响应速度。针对各个仿真模块的特点，按功能特性将其分布到客户机和服务器上。基于空间数据分割和对相邻区粒子的预测，大大地减少了任务重新分配时客户机和服务器之间的通信。在局域网上，实现了客户机和服务器的互联和管理。实验表明。仿真实验的计算效率等得到了提高，提高了系统的人机交互响应速度。     

基于校园网的即时通讯软件的设计与实现

随着信息技术和计算机网络的发展,网络的应用程序发展很快,基于Socket的局域网通信软件可以为企业原有的局域网提供一种良好、安全、快速的通信机制,针对现有的校园网框架运用Socket套接字、多线程等技术,很好地解决了内部局域网的通讯需求。     

Minimizing delivery cost in scalable streaming content distribution systems

Recent scalable multicast streaming protocols for on-demand delivery of media content offer the promise of greatly reduced server and network bandwidth. However, a key unresolved issue is how to design scalable content distribution systems that place replica servers closer to various client populations and route client requests and response streams so as to minimize the total server and network delivery cost. This issue is significantly more complex than the design of distribution systems for traditional Web files or unicast on-demand streaming, for two reasons. First, closest server and shortest path routing does not minimize network bandwidth usage; instead, the optimal routing of client requests and server multicasts is complex and interdependent. Second, the server bandwidth usage increases with the number of replicas. Nevertheless, this paper shows that the complex replica placement and routing optimization problem, in its essential form, can be expressed fairly simply, and can be solved for example client populations and realistic network topologies. The solutions show that the optimal scalable system can differ significantly from the optimal system for conventional delivery. Furthermore, simple canonical networks are analyzed to develop insights into effective heuristics for near-optimal placement and routing. The proposed new heuristics can be used for designing large and heterogeneous systems that are of practical interest. For a number of example networks, the best heuristics produce systems with total delivery cost that is within 16% of optimality.     

多服务器模型下的服务器选择算法及仿真

在分布式视频点播系统中,由于不同视频服务器到代理服务器之间的网络QoS状况可能存在较大的差异,因此多媒体代理服务器必须引入有效的服务器选择算法。文章主要讨论所提出的在多服务器模型下基于增益模型的服务器选择算法;通过仿真实验测试其性能、与其他算法进行比较;并分析此算法对环境参数变化的适应性。     

分布式计算机网络结构与优化策略探析

本研究旨在探析分布式计算机网络结构及其优化的一些内容。分布式计算机网络由多个相互连接一起的客户机和服务器组成,并且其中的任何一系统都可能与另一个系统进行通信。相对于其他网络结构来说,分布式网络结构的安全性能更高一些,客观上满足了不同人群的需求。另一方面,随着网络的普及程度不断提升,社会上各个群体的专属网络结构愈加凸显,日后还会有更大的提升空间。     

P2P点播系统的客户端磁盘缓存策略

在基于有服务器结构对等网络环境的点播系统中,针对客户端需要缓存部分流媒体数据的问题,提出一种新型预测双缓存模型,给出相应的缓存替换算法。仿真实验表明,该模型在用户数目增多时,客户端缓存的命中率大幅提高,服务器的负载得到改善,显著降低了VCR操作时所引起的等待延迟。     

P2P流媒体Cache的置换算法

P2P流媒体cache是一种有效减少带宽开销、提高对象利用率的技术,通常采用FIFO,LRU等算法置换内容.然而,流媒体不同于Web对象,P2P网络也有别于客户/服务器模式.在分布式应用中这些算法可能影响系统的性能,为此,分析了FIFO和LRU置换算法,提出了基于供求关系的SD算法,以及基于分片副本数量的REP算法,并对其进行评估和比较.针对不同的节点到达间隔,将SD和REP同FIFO,LRU进行比较,发现在启动延迟、媒体副本数量和根节点依赖度方面SD和REP几乎均优于FIFO和LRU.同LSB(least sent bytes)算法相比,某些场景中SD的启动延迟减少了约40%,而REP在副本数量方面远远超过LSB的结果,说明在P2P网络流媒体服务中使用SD和REP缓存置换算法有助于提高系统性能.     

VM中Fedora8系统下NFS的安装与配置研究

Linux操作系统下,文件的共享可以用NFS实现,NFS可以设置允许指定的客户端或指定的网段访问服务器。虚拟机VM中,安装Fedora8操作系统,其中一台配置成NFS服务器,另一台配置成客户端,实现在客户端访问NFS服务器中共享的文件。     

一种基于授权机制的分布式文件系统小文件访问优化策略

针对分布式文件系统应用于海量小文件访问模式时, 元数据请求过多导致系统性能下降的问题, 提出了客户端元数据缓存授权机制的解决方案. 客户端从服务器读取元数据时, 申请相应类型的授权, 服务器分析请求并决定是否授予此客户端所访问的元数据的授权. 若客户端成功获取授权, 则将其与本地缓存的元数据相关联, 作为缓冲有效性的凭证. 当再次访问本地缓存的元数据时, 若有相关授权, 则可以直接从本地获取元数据, 无需向服务器发送缓存数据的有效性验证RPC. 仿真实验表明, 文中的方法有效的降低了客户端发送元数据请求RPC的数量, 节省了宝贵的网络带宽资源, 降低了元数据服务器的负载.     

High-Performance Resource Allocation and Request Redirection Algorithms for Web Clusters

With increasing richness in features such as personalization of content, Web applications are becoming increasingly complex and hence compute intensive. Traditional approaches for improving performance of static content Web sites have been based on the assumption that static content such as images are network intensive. However, these methods are not applicable to the dynamic content applications which are more compute intensive than static content. This paper proposes a suite of algorithms which jointly optimize the performance of dynamic content applications by reducing the client access times while also minimizing the resource utilization. A server migration algorithm allocates servers on-demand within a cluster such that the client access times are not affected even under sudden overload conditions. Further, a server selection mechanism enables statistical multiplexing of resources across clusters by redirecting requests away from overloaded clusters. We also propose a cluster decision algorithm which decides whether to migrate in additional servers at the local cluster or redirect requests remotely under different workload conditions. Through a combination of analytical modeling, trace-driven simulation over traces from large e-commerce sites and testbed implementation, we explore the performance savings achieved by the proposed algorithms.