拉压性能不同纤维增强复合材料的非线性本构模型

为满足在工程应用中对建立拉压性能不同纤维增强复合材料的非线性本构理论的需要, 考虑静水压影响的Drucker-Prager屈服准则与各向异性的Hill屈服准则相结合, 提出了广义Hill屈服准则, 并推广到Sun-Chen的单参数塑性模型中, 建立了考虑拉压异性复合材料的非线性统一本构方程。实验验证结果表明, 运用本文中所建立的本构模型能够很好地描述碳纤维/环氧(IM600/Q133)复合材料在偏轴拉伸和压缩载荷作用下的非线性响应。     

拉压异性纤维增强树脂基复合材料弹塑性问题的有限元分析

为了对复杂的非线性问题进行便捷求解,首先提出了考虑拉压异性的纤维增强树脂基复合材料统一非线性本构模型;然后,在此基础上进一步导出了本构模型的三维表现形式,以适用于非线性有限元分析工具的开发;随后,利用有限元软件ABAQUS提供的用户自定义子程序UMAT,自编了在二维和三维情况下的弹塑性应力分析程序;最后,应用程序对复合材料单向板和复合材料斜交板在偏轴拉伸/压缩下应力-应变曲线的预测与测试结果进行了比较,探讨了复合材料悬臂梁的弹塑性问题,并分析和比较了有无考虑拉压异性情况下应力分布和挠度响应的差异。结果表明:运用所提出的本构模型对考虑拉压不对称问题的弹塑性变形分析十分有效,这一本构模型有望成为实用数值分析工具,进而指导工程实践。     

Koyna混凝土重力坝的塑性地震损伤响应分析

考虑了混凝土拉压异性损伤变量，根据相关流动法则推导了混凝土的损伤本构方程。通过有限元方法模拟坝体在地震激励下的非线性损伤演化过程，数值计算过程中考虑了库坝动力耦合及混凝土后继屈服的强化效应，采用四参数Ottosen屈服准则及相应的损伤型本构，算例验证了Koyna混凝土重力坝在竖向和横向实测地震激励下的非线性损伤响应特性。     

二维编织C/SiC复合材料非线性损伤本构模型与应用

基于二维编织C/SiC复合材料的基本力学性能试验, 建立了该材料的宏观正交各向异性非线性损伤本构模型。模型中以可检测的应变作为变量, 采用形式简单的函数分别描述了单轴拉伸和剪切加载下的材料损伤演变下的应力-应变关系, 以及卸载状态的刚度变化规律。同时, 考虑了材料的单边效应以及拉压应力状态转换时的损伤钝化行为。将此本构模型编写成UMAT子程序并引入ABAQUS有限元软件, 可以完整描述该材料的加载非线性和卸载线性的应力-应变关系特征, 及其加卸载历史。通过对带孔板的拉伸模拟, 孔边应变分布与试验结果吻合较好, 验证了本构模型的有效性。     

大幅面板材渐进折弯成形的本构建模及模拟

为了提高大幅面板材成形的模拟精度,在板材折弯平面应变假设条件下,推导出基于Hill各向异性屈服准则的弹塑性本构方程.借助ABAQUS有限元软件本构模块用户子程序接口,通过编程将上述推导的应力-应变本构关系显示表达式嵌入ABAQUS分析平台.以超长大开口半椭圆形工件成形为例,建立了大幅面钢板渐进折弯的三维弹塑性有限元模型,并数值模拟了多道次渐进折弯成形及回弹全过程.模拟效果和工程应用结果表明,与传统的基于平面应力假设的本构关系模型相比,采用平面应变假设的本构关系模型的模拟结果更接近实验值.     

高温合金超薄板循环塑性本构模型适用性研究

高温合金具有优良的综合性能,是航空发动机高性能构件的首选材料.由于高温合金带材屈服强度高、壁厚超薄、回弹明显、构件成形精度难以控制,因此研究现有循环本构模型对于高温合金带材变形预测的适用性具有重要意义.基于循环剪切实验,研究了不同循环塑性本构模型(Armstrong-Frederick(A-F)模型、Yoshida-Uemori(Y-U)模型和the anisotropic nonlinear kinematic(ANK)模型)对高温合金超薄带材循环塑性变形响应的表征效果.同时,通过U形弯实验和有限元仿真结果的对比,分析了不同屈服准则(Hill48,Barlat89和YLD2000-2d)结合不同循环塑性模型对于回弹预测的影响.结果表明,采用Y-U模型对高温合金超薄板循环塑性变形行为的表征能力最好,A-F和ANK模型次之.采用Y-U模型对回弹的预测精度高于各向同性模型和A-F模型,而屈服准则对回弹预测精度的影响不大,采用基于Hill48和YLD2000-2d屈服准则的Y-U模型,回弹预测误差可以控制在5％以内.     

纯钼薄板各向异性拉压不对称性本构建模研究

目的 对纯钼薄板的各向异性、拉压不对称性以及本构关系进行研究.方法 对纯钼薄板进行不同方向的单拉实验、中心带孔试样单拉实验,和纯钼薄板V形弯曲实验,同时结合有限元模拟反推材料力学性能以及对CPB06屈服准则及Swift强化模型进行参数标定,并进行模型可靠性验证.结果 纯钼薄板具有一定的面内各向异性、拉压不对称性以及显著...     

正常使用状态下RUHTCC梁的弯曲变形预测

该文以有效截面惯性矩为参数,提出了正常使用状态下钢筋增强超高韧性水泥基复合材料(RUHTCC)梁的挠度简化计算方法。与钢筋混凝土梁不同,RUHTCC梁需要考虑受拉区UHTCC在弯曲开裂后的承载能力,理论分析表明基于拉压区面积矩平衡与基于内力平衡且假定压应力线性分布所得的中和轴高度计算公式不同,而后者符合中和轴的物理意义。采用UHTCC的非线性拉、压本构模型以及受压区边缘压应变对应的割线模量,得到基于内力平衡的RUHTCC梁完全开裂截面的中和轴高度以及惯性矩公式。其次,有效惯性矩公式中的常系数m修正为随配筋率变化的函数,得到适用于RUHTCC梁的有效惯性矩公式。采用该文提出的挠度简化计算方法,对比预测与实测的屈服前荷载-挠度曲线,两者基本一致。     

基于应变空间的碾压混凝土各向异性损伤本构模型

根据碾压混凝土材料的力学特性和损伤拉压显著不同的特点,分别在拉应变和压应变空间建立了碾压混凝土的本构关系和损伤演化方程。在拉应变空间,碾压混凝土的变形特性表现为脆弹性,考虑弹性与损伤耦合,应用正交各向异性损伤理论描述碾压混凝土的刚度退化和应变软化;在压应变空间,考虑弹塑性与损伤耦合,应用内时理论来描述碾压混凝土的弹塑性特性,正交各向异性损伤理论来描述微裂缝扩展引起的刚度退化和应变软化,内时理论没有屈服面,使模型的参数和方程大大减少,从而简化了非线性计算过程。计算结果表明,该模型能够较好地描述碾压混凝土在单轴和多轴加载下的性质。     

纤维缠绕壳体材料非线性及大变形分析计算

论述了Jones-N elson-Morgan 模型的构成原理及其参数的确定方法, 利用这个模型研究了纤维缠绕复合材料的非线性本构关系。推导和建立了纤维缠绕壳体大变形有限元公式和有限元模型。在同时考虑材料非线性和大变形情况下对纤维缠绕壳体内压进行了有限元分析计算, 获得了与实验结果符合较好的理论预报结果。      

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.