化学与材料化学的研究与进展有机／聚合物图像传感材料的研究进展

总结了有机／聚合物图像传感器材料的主要特点，对于这类典型的材料体系，如共轭聚合物／C60复合体系，共轭聚合／无机半导体纳米微粒复合体系，酞菁类和生物材料进行了重点评述。讨论给体／受体的电子结构，光致电荷转移过程，复合材料的相分离行为对传感器光敏性的影响，指出了目前有机／聚合物图像传感材料研究中亟待解决的关键问题。     

我国获取提高聚合物光伏电池性能新方法

中科院长春应化所高分子物理和化学国家重点实验室获取了提高聚合物光伏电池性能新方法。导电聚合物／富勒烯的体相复合薄膜是一种具有优秀光伏特性的功能薄膜,有望在下一代太阳能电池领域得到应用。该课题组成功地找到了溶解C60的方法,并将制得的均匀复合薄膜作为P3HT／C60体系的光敏层,然后通过优化热退火处理工艺使复合薄膜的形态获得优化,器件转换效率从0．32％提高到1．73％。     

聚合物阻尼材料的分子设计与复合改性

介绍了聚合物阻尼材料的分子设计;论述了共聚物的分子设计、阻尼微结构、梯度阻尼结构等;综述了聚合物阻尼材料复合改性的研究进展。对共混及互穿聚合物网络、有机／无机杂化体系、纳米复合体系和聚合物／小分子复合体系等进行了述评。     

共轭微孔聚合物的羧基基团含量对体系吸附性能的影响

通过构筑四个富羧酸基团的共轭微孔聚合物CMPs(CMP@1,CMP@2,CMP-COOH@1和CMP-COOH@2)探讨了共轭微孔聚合物中羧基基团的数量对体系孔隙、气体吸附和选择性的影响。研究表明,在相同条件下,提高共轭微孔聚合物中的羧基基团的含量可以提高材料的吸附性能。     

耦合共轭聚合物改性在光催化技术中的研究进展

综述了耦合共轭聚合物的改性方法以及在光催化材料中的应用。主要介绍了聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚氯乙烯衍生物及聚酰亚胺等共轭聚合物在光催化中的应用和改性方法研究,并展望了未来光催化技术领域的研究方向。指出耦合共轭聚合物是一种高效且具有良好前景的光催化剂,改性措施相对于传统的贵金属沉积、元素掺杂以及复合半导体等改性方法具有结构可调变、价格低廉和原材料丰富的优点,对于光催化技术的大规模推广应用具有促进作用。     

耦合共轭聚合物改性在光催化技术中的研究进展

综述了耦合共轭聚合物的改性方法以及在光催化材料中的应用。主要介绍了聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚氯乙烯衍生物及聚酰亚胺等共轭聚合物在光催化中的应用和改性方法研究,并展望了未来光催化技术领域的研究方向。指出耦合共轭聚合物是一种高效且具有良好前景的光催化剂,改性措施相对于传统的贵金属沉积、元素掺杂以及复合半导体等改性方法具有结构可调变、价格低廉和原材料丰富的优点,对于光催化技术的大规模推广应用具有促进作用。     

中科院纳米所开发出超高热导率石墨烯-聚合物复合材料

作为近来纳米科学领域的研究热点，新兴的石墨烯由于具有独特的二维结构、高比表面积和优异的热学性能[导热系数可高达3000～6000 W／(m · K)]，受到了广泛关注。石墨烯／聚合物导热复合材料有望在电子器件、光电子器件、消费电子及导热聚合物材料中得到重要应用。目前，石墨烯的添加一定程度上改善了聚合物复合体系的导热性能，尽管能使聚合物的导热系数提高一个数量级，但有限石墨烯添加量、无序结构以及石墨烯／聚合物高界面热阻致使石墨烯-聚合物复合体系的热导率无法实现更高突破，阻碍了其在未来热管理中的广泛应用。     

纳米科学技术进展和前景（Ⅱ）——兼论在化工新材料（含涂料）领域的应用

１．３ 纳米复合材料、纳米材料与传统材料的关系１．３．１　纳米复合材料 纳米复合材料（ｎａｎｏｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ）是指在由不同组分构成的复合体系中的一个或多个组分至少有一维以纳米尺寸（≤１００ｎｍ）均匀分散在另一组分的基体中,这类复合体系也有人称为杂化材料（Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ）。 纳米复合材料内含的不同组分的分散相或连续相有多种多样,如金属／金属、金属／陶瓷、金属／聚合物、陶瓷／聚合物、陶瓷／金属、陶瓷／陶瓷、聚合物／聚合物等。作为分散相的形状有球状、棒状、片状等。复合方式也有多种类…     

水溶性超支化聚对苯撑乙烯的合成及与硫化镉粒子的复合

为了提高发光聚合物的发光效率 ,改进可加工性和稳定性等性质 ,我们在前期工作中 ,将一维线性共轭结构加以扩展 ,得到组成为核、连接单元和端基的超支化共轭聚合物(HPV) .并对其光物理性质以及和无机半导体纳米粒子的复合体系进行了研究 .为进一步在水的均相体系中研究超支化PPV与CdS纳米粒子的作用 ,我们于连接单元上引入含水溶性基团—SO3—的侧链 ,得到了水溶性超支化共轭聚合物 (WHPV) .本论文包含的基本内容如下 :1　设计合成含水性基团的超支化共轭聚合物利用Wittig Hornor反应 ,以亚磷酸三乙酯代替三苯基磷与含有—SO2 Cl的…     

凹凸棒黏土改性聚合物材料的研究进展

综述了聚合物／凹凸棒黏土（AT）复合材料近年来的研究进展。聚合物／AT复合材料的制备方法主要包括原位聚合（复合）法和共混法，两种方法均可以获得AT良好分散的复合材料。AT使聚合物基体的力学性能、结晶学性能和耐热性能都有改善；但是不同体系的力学性能改善程度不同，AT可用作聚合物的有效的成核剂。机理在于AT的纳米效应、在基体中的定向作用和强的界面相互作用。最后，对聚合物／AT复合材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

聚噻吩衍生物的合成及改性研究

首先利用Kumada反应合成了3种噻吩单体,即3-丁基噻吩、3-苯基噻吩和3-十六烷基噻吩;然后采用三氯化铁(FeCl3)氧化法合成了对应的3种聚噻吩;最后将3种聚噻吩与富勒烯(C60)进行溶液复合,得到了光电性能和溶解性能俱佳的聚噻吩/C60复合材料。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热失重分析(TGA)和伏安循环(CV)曲线等方法对聚噻吩及其复合材料的化学结构、溶解性能、热性能和电性能等进行了表征,并探讨了不同噻吩取代基对聚合物分子链共轭效应的影响规律。结果表明:3种改性聚噻吩具有良好的溶解性、耐热性和导电性;C60在3种改性聚噻吩中分散性良好,并使聚噻吩的电导率提高了10个数量级左右,其中聚3-十六烷基噻吩/C60复合材料的电化学能隙为1.70eV。     

纳米SiO_2改性CE/PSt聚合物性能研究

应用聚合物网络技术,通过异步合成法制备了氰酸酯(CE)/聚苯乙烯(PSt)网络聚合物,再以纳米(SiO2)改性,制得聚合物复合材料。采用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜等手段表征了该复合材料的微观结构,测定了其力学性能。结果表明,该三组分复合材料CE/PSt/3%SiO2,在CE/PSt为80/20时,其力学性能(冲击强度,弯曲强度)均达到最佳状态,分别比纯CE提高了82.58%和9.36%;添加3%纳米SiO2的聚合物比未添加SiO2的相比,其冲击强度再次提高了29.96%,弯曲强度提高了20.05%;红外光谱和透射电镜测试分析结果表明,组成网络的各复合材料组分之间未发生化学反应。互穿提高了复合材料承担载荷的能力,从而提高了CE的强度与韧性。     

Highly filled graphene‐benzoxazine composites as bipolar plates in fuel cell applications

This research emphasizes on the development of highly filled graphene‐polybenzoxazine composites and investigates thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of the obtained composites for bipolar plate applications. The composition of graphene loading was achieved to be in the range of 10–60 wt%. The experimental results revealed that at the maximum graphene content of 60 wt% (44.8 vol%) in the polybenzoxazine, storage moduli at room temperature of the composites were considerably enhanced with the amount of the graphene, that is, from 5.9 GPa of the neat polybenzoxazine to about 25.1 GPa at 60 wt% of graphene. Glass transition temperatures (T_g) of the obtained composites were observed to be 174–188°C and the values substantially increased with increasing the filler contents. At 60 wt% of graphene content, thermal conductivity, as high as 8.0 W/mK, is achieved for the graphene‐filled polybenzoxazine. Furthermore, the flexural modulus and flexural strength of the composites were found to be as high as 18 GPa and 42 MPa, respectively. Water absorption of graphene filled‐composite is relatively low with the value of only about 0.06% at 24 h of water immersion. Additionally, electrical conductivity was measured to be 357 S/cm at maximum loading of the graphene. Therefore, the graphene‐filled composites based on polybenzoxazine are highly attractive as bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1715–1727, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

IR studies of wood plastic composites

Wood plastic composites (WPC) of simul were prepared by gamma radiation using butylacrylate (BA) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) as the monomer and methanol as the swelling agent at 9:1 (v/v) ratio. IR spectra of simul, bulk polymer of BA (or MMA) film, and WPC of different polymer loadings ranging from 18 to 115% were studied. Increase of the characteristic peak intensity at 1735 cm^?1 (C?O vibration for acetyl groups) over that of 1620 cm^?1 (conjugated aryl carbonyl groups) along with the increase of polymer loading of simul with the monomer indicates that the graft copolymerization took place between the monomer and the simul wood matrix. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Relationship Between Interfacial Water Layer Adhesion Loss of Silicon/Glass Fiber-Epoxy Systems: A Quantitative Study

Water at the polymer/substrate interface is often the major cause of adhesion loss in coatings, adhesives, and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This study critically assesses the relationship between the interfacial water layer and the adhesion loss in epoxy/siliceous substrate systems. Both untreated and silane-treated Si substrates and untreated and silane-treated E-glass fibers were used. Thickness of the interfacial water layer was measured on epoxy/Si systems by Fourier transform infrared-multiple total internal reflection (FTIR-MTIR) spectroscopy. Adhesion loss of epoxy/Si systems and epoxy/E-glass fiber composites was measured by peel adhesion and short-beam shear tests, respectively. Little water accumulation at the epoxy/Si substrate interface was observed for silane-treated Si substrates, but about 10 monolayers of water accumulated at the interface between the epoxy and the untreated Si substrate following 100 h of exposure at 24 °C. More than 70% of the initial epoxy/untreated Si system peel strength was lost within 75 h of exposure, compared with 20% loss after 600 h for the silane-treated Si samples. Shear strength loss in composites made with untreated E-glass fiber was nearly twice that of composites fabricated with silane-treated fiber after 6 months of immersion in 60 °C water. Further, the silane-treated composites remained transparent, but the untreated fiber composites became opaque after water exposure. Evidence from FTIR-MTIR spectroscopy, adhesion loss, and visual observation strongly indicated that a water layer at the polymer/substrate interface is mostly responsible for the adhesion loss of epoxy/untreated siliceous substrate systems and epoxy/untreated glass fiber composites and that FTIR-MTIR is a viable technique to reliably and conveniently assess the adhesion loss attributable to water sorption at the interface.     

Novel approaches to developing carbon nanotube based polymer composites: fundamental studies and nanotech applications

The adsorption of several types of conducting polymers on carbon nanotubes is investigated by electrical transport measurements. We report the optoelectronic properties occurring in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) conjugated polymer, poly(3-octylthiophene), composites. Al/polymer-nanotube composite/indium-tin oxide diodes show photovoltaic behavior proposing that the main reason for this increase is the photoinduced electron transfer at the polymer/nanotube interface. Interesting results were obtained in the case of poly(o-anisidine) (POAS)-multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) composites where the increment of monolayers results in a significant improvement of the specific conductivity. POAS-coated MWNTs thin films demonstrated their potentiality as a new class of materials for inorganic vapors detection for environmental applications.     

Fabrication of 2D C/ZrC–SiC composite and its structural evolution under high-temperature treatment up to 1800 °C

Two-dimensional C/ZrC–SiC composites were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process combined with a modified polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) method. Two kinds of ZrC slurries (ZrC aqueous slurry and ZrC/polycarbosilane slurry) were employed to densify composites before the PIP process. The as-produced C/ZrC–SiC composites exhibited better mechanical properties than the C/SiC composites densified only by CVI and PIP process. Structural evolution for C/ZrC–SiC composites treated in the range 1200–1800 °C mainly consisted of the change of SiC whiskers and the decomposition of polymer derived ceramic.     

Functionalization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and their effect on the tribological properties of poly(ether ether ketone) composites

A series of copolymers containing conjugated fluorene groups as a compatibilizer to improve the dispersion of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared and used to improve the wear resistance of poly(ether ether ketone)/graphite (PEEK/GP) composites. The solubility of MWCNTs had a maximum at a concentration ratio of 2:1 polymer:MWCNTs. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that polymer ? MWCNT interactions were capable of partially debundling the nanotubes in chloroform, with individual nanotubes or small bundles clearly observed. The tribological properties of PEEK composites incorporating the modified MWCNTs were investigated using a pin‐on‐disc apparatus and a block‐on‐ring apparatus. The PEEK composites had a lower frictional coefficient under the block‐on‐ring testing condition, but a lower wear rate was achieved in the pin‐on‐disc test. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of fiber orientation on viscoelastic properties of polymer matrix composites subjected to thermal cycles

Fibers in polymer composites can be designed in various orientations for their usage in service life. Various fiber orientated polymer composites, which are used in aeroplane and aerospace applications, are frequently subjected to thermal cycles because of the changes in body temperatures at a range of −60 to 150°C during flights. It is an important subject to investigate the visco‐elastic properties of the thermal cycled polymer composite materials which have various fiber orientations during service life. Continuous fiber reinforced composites with a various fiber orientations are subjected to 1,000 thermal cycles between the temperatures of 0 and 100°C. Dynamic mechanic thermal analysis (DMTA) experiments are carried out by TA Q800 type equipment. The changes in glass transition temperature (T_g), storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E′′) and loss factor (tan δ) are inspected as a function of thermal cycles for different fiber orientations. It was observed that thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the polymer composites were remarkably changed by thermal cycles. It was also determined that the composites with [45°/−45°]_s fiber orientation presented the lowest dynamic mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Sol-gel derived PbTio3-polymer piezoelectric composites

Amorphous lead titanate powder was prepared using a sol-gel process. The powder was fired to temperatures ranging from 500°C to 1200°C and soaked for various lengths of time. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the fired powders were tetragonal PbTiO₃. Surface area measurements indicated that the specific surface area of the powder decreased with increasing heat treatment. The powders were mixed with Eccogel polymer to make composites in which the ceramic phase constituted 60 percent by volume. Piezoelectric coefficients were found to be greatest for those composites containing powder fired to 1100°C and soaked for 1 hour. The d_hg_h value obtained for this heat treatment was 540×10^-15m²N^-1.