表面工程和再制造工程的现状及展望

介绍了表面工程和再制造工程的概念、作用和国内外研究及应用现状,并对其今后的发展进行了展望.结合失效分析、失效预防和控制,阐述了表面工程和再制造工程在产品全寿命周期中的地位和作用,指出失效理论、失效分析是再制造的基础理论之一,表面工程技术和再制造工程技术是对零件进行失效预防和控制的关键手段.     

谈绿色再制造的几个关键技术

绿色再制造工程是具有发展前景的新兴产业，是逐渐形成中的新兴学科。它的设计基础和关键技术为绿色再制造产业的发展提供了重要的技术支撑。本文主要阐述了绿色再制造工程的先进表面技术、毛坯快速成形技术、修复热处理技术与应急快速抢修技术、过时产品性能升级与纳米修复技术等技术问题。     

再制造及对我国汽车再制造的思考

通过介绍再制造概念及意义,分析国内外汽车再制造的现状和汽车零部件再制造的优势,指出汽车再制造是汽车维修业的发展方向,提出我国发展汽车再制造需要做好产业政策、企业理念、消费者引导、零部件选择等方面的工作。     

舰船装备再制造防腐蚀技术研究及应用

再制造防腐蚀是针对在役装备或腐蚀装备所进行的高技术修复与改造。再制造通过使用优于原始制造的先进技术,充分挖掘了腐蚀装备中蕴含着的高附加值,使得再制造装备具有显著的节能环保特色。通过再制造关键技术对舰船装备进行腐蚀控制,将有效提高装备的防腐性能,赋予装备新的寿命,最大限度地保障舰船装备的在航率。文中着重介绍了高速电弧喷涂长效防腐技术、纳米电刷镀防腐耐磨涂层技术、非晶态合金化学镀层防腐技术、纳米固体薄膜减摩防腐技术和纳米防腐涂料及涂装等再制造防腐技术的实际应用。再制造工程在国内外得到了快速发展,推动了"资源节约型、环境友好型"两型社会的建设,已经引起了国家的高度重视和支持,中国已成为国际再制造中心之一,且已将具有中国特色的再制造工程发展到了一个新阶段。     

关于再制造的公差优化模型研究

笔者通过将公差设计法引用到制造工程中,深入分析了再制造公差的设计特点和分配原则,并以再制造的最低生产总成本为目标,充分考虑了工程表面技术、产品性能、过程能力指标等因素。试图探索出一套以公差原理为基础的再制造公差优化数学模型,并将其与传统的再制造方案进行比较,从而证明该公差优化模型的实用性和有效性。     

绿色再制造工程的发展现状和未来展望

再制造工程是废旧机电产品高技术修复改造的产业化,是循环经济和节能环保产业的重要技术支撑。中国的再制造工程经历了产业萌生、科学论证和政府推进三个阶段。中国特色的再制造主要基于尺寸恢复和性能提升,并以先进的寿命评估技术、纳米表面工程和自动化表面工程技术为支撑,其重要特征是再制造产品的质量和性能不低于原型新品,成本为新品的50%、节能60%、节材70%,显著改善环保。具有中国特色的再制造模式已逐渐形成,并取得了重要成果。     

抽油杆可再制造性检测的研究进展

对抽油杆毛坯进行可再制造性检测和评价是从源头上保证再制造产品质量的第一步。阐述了可再制造性的内涵,分别综述了抽油杆再制造毛坯的无损检测技术和疲劳寿命评估方法在近几年的发展现状,其中重点探讨了适于早期损伤检测、损伤定量检测、损伤动态监测的金属磁记忆法、交流电磁场法和声发射法等新技术,并进行了对比分析;详细介绍了基于疲劳试验手段进行寿命预测、利用力学理论和有限元模拟计算寿命、采用无损检测技术预测疲劳寿命的评估方法。在国内外现有研究的基础上,总结当前抽油杆可再制造性检测存在的问题,并指出进一步研究的思路。     

绿色再制造工程及其在装备防腐蚀方面的应用

绿色再制造是废旧装备高技术修复、改造的产业化,是通过使用优于原始制造的先进技术,充分挖掘因腐蚀、磨损而失效的装备中蕴含的高附加值,具有显著的节能、节材、环保的特点.通过再制造关键技术对装备进行腐蚀控制,可提高装备防腐蚀的性能,赋予装备新的寿命,最大限度地保障装备的循环利用.为此,着重介绍了高速电弧喷涂长效防腐蚀技术、纳米电刷镀防腐蚀耐磨涂层技术、非晶态合金化学镀层防腐蚀技术、纳米固体薄膜减摩防腐蚀技术和纳米防腐蚀涂料及涂装等再制造防腐蚀技术及应用.     

废旧产品再制造工程设计探讨

随着技术更新换代的加快,废旧设备报废的数量在逐年增加,如果对这些报废的设备处理不当,势必将造成大量的资源浪费,不仅存在安全隐患,而且还会污染环境。如果在产品报废后能采用优质、环保、高效的再制造技术不仅能恢复产品原技术性能,而且还能提升设备性能,实现废旧设备的循环使用。针对失效的废旧产品进行再制造,首先要对其进行再制造设计,使其形成最优化的工艺流程。再制造工程的设计思想是以废旧产品的再制造性评价、剩余寿命评估、再制造产品建模为核心研究内容。     

复杂机械产品再制造过程质量控制策略研究

本文主要研究了复杂机械产品再制造过程的质量控制方案,介绍了复杂机械产品再制造的内涵形式及其质量控制工作的显著特点。     

存在绿色消费者的再制造模式选择策略

研究了绿色消费者对制造商（OEM）和再制造商（3PR）再制造模式选择的影响。在无绿色消费者和存在绿色消费者情况下,分别建立了两种斯塔克尔伯格博弈的再制造模型：再制造外包与授权再制造,得到了两种模型的均衡解及OEM和3PR利润。比较分析发现,当绿色消费者比例较高时,OEM和3PR均偏好于再制造外包模式。然而,当绿色消费者比例较低时,虽然OEM依然偏好于再制造外包模式,但是,当消费者对再制造产品估价较低时,3PR偏好于授权再制造模式。此外发现,无论绿色消费者比例高低,在再制造外包模式,消费者剩余与社会福利总是高于授权再制造模式。     

Green Remanufacturing Engineering and Its Development Strategy in China

Made in China 2025 proposes that “develop the remanufacturing industry vigorously, implement high-end remanufacturing, smart remanufacturing, and in-service remanufacturing, advance the identification of remanufacturing products, and promote sustainable and healthy development of the manufacturing industry”. Remanufacturing is an extension of the manufacturing industry chain, and it is an important part of advanced manufacturing and green manufacturing. The product function, technical performance, greenness and economy of the remanufacturing products are no worse than those of the new products. The cost of remanufacturing products is only about 50% of new products. Remanufacturing can save energy 60%, and material 70%, so the adverse impact on the environment is significantly reduced. At present, China’s remanufacturing industry is developing rapidly, and the manufacturing pilot has been in full swing. Meanwhile, the policies and regulations, basic theory, key technology, and industry standards of remanufacturing have been continuously innovated and completed.     

再制造逆向物流网络的机会约束目标规划模型

应用随机规划方法,将废旧产品回收数量作为机会约束,以生态环境利益、顾客服务水平、固定投资成本及平均变动成本为目标体系,建立了机会约束目标规划模型。通过模型算例,对多种回收不确定性及目标结构下的最优决策进行对比分析,检验了多目标及回收数量不确定性对再制造逆向物流网络结构及成本收益的影响。     

Engineering Management Problems of Remanufacturing Industry

Remanufacturing in China is still in its early stage and faces pressures from society, policy, technology and management. Considering the current state of remanufacturing in China, this paper researched several key management issues involving various aspects from the perspective of remanufacturing players. Based on a needs analysis on the trend of remanufacturing development in China, the following six key management problems were researched; risk management of remanufacturing players, remanufacturing production management, remanufacturing quality management, authentication mode of remanufacturing in China, subsidy policy of remanufacturing industry, and performance assessment of remanufacturing. The characteristics of issues were analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures were put forward.     

Status and Prospect of Remanufacturing Technology for Tubing and Sucker Rods

As the main consumables, huge amount of tubing and sucker rods are abandoned annually. The current remediation technology could only enable part of abandoned tubing and sucker rod to be reused in a degraded way, leading to a big resource waste. The production, use and remediation methods of tubing and sucker rod are analyzed here. Remanufacturing technology of abandoned tubing based on self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) is proposed. Economic, environmental and social benefits of large scale application of this technology are evaluated. And then various factors that restrict the popularization of remanufacturing technology in the petroleum industry are studied and suggestions are given in the end. The results indicate that unlike conventional remediation methods, remanufacturing technology can extend the service life of abandoned tubing to reach or even exceed that of a new one. Meanwhile it can also reduce the cost effectively, and achieve significant economic and social benefits. We should expand remanufacturing technology areas in the petroleum industry and achieve stable, healthy development in the low oil price situation. The scientific standards for remanufactured products should be enacted, and new management mode of the remanufactured products should be developed.     

An Exploration of Surface Integrity Remanufacturing for Aeroengine Components

Surface integrity is the major factor impacting on the operation quality, service life and reliability of the aeroengine components. The surface integrity of aeroengine component is damaged by the failures such as crack, deformation, oxidation, corrosion, erosion, and microstructural degeneration. It adopts advanced remanufacturing technologies to restore or improve the surface integrity and regenerate these high value parts. This paper firstly puts forward the concept, namely surface integrity remanufacturing for aeroengine components, and its connotation. The key remanufacturing technologies have been developed to repair the components with surface damages. Ultimately, some application examples of surface integrity remanufacturing technologies as well as their effects in aeroengine maintenance are introduced. The discarded components have been reused and their service lives have been extended and their reliability has been increased by implementing surface integrity remanufacturing. It has realized “The Repaired Components Outpacing the New Ones”, material saving, energy saving, and emission reduction.     

The Integration Model of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Resource Allocation Considering Remanufacturing

Logistics resource planning is an integration model of materials requirement planning and distribution resource planning which is a resource allocation technology. It is a technology of satisfying both production material supply and resource allocation optimization which is based on inventory management. For the remanufacturing supply chain, recycling and rebuilding of products form a reverse materials movement loop which challenges the traditional logistics resource planning system. For the characteristics of reverse logistics of remanufacturing supply chain, we propose a closed-loop supply chain resource allocation model based on autonomous multi-entity. We focus on integration resource allocation model of materials requirement planning and distribution resource planning considering remanufacturing.     

Proactive remanufacturing timing determination method based on residual strength

Nowadays, since the resources of remanufacturing are the ‘cores’, the uncertainty in quantity and quality of the ‘cores’ is an obstacle in remanufacturing engineering. To solve this problem, production management and design for remanufacturing have been discussed in the former studies. However, the current remanufacturing mode, which is carried out in the end of life cycle, is reactive. To delimit the uncertainty of ‘cores’, the concept of proactive remanufacturing is presented in this paper. And one issue is to identify the proactive remanufacturing timing. In the beginning, the reactive remanufacturing timing and proactive remanufacturing timing are introduced. Then, to characterise the remanufacturability of components, the concept of residual strength is proposed. To identify the proactive remanufacturing timing, the mathematical model is established based on the residual strength, remanufacturing value and technical feasibility. Based on this model, the timing determination method in proactive remanufacturing is presented and expanded. Finally, to validate this method, the proactive remanufacturing timing of engines is determined by analysing the crankshaft. As a consequence, in the proactive remanufacturing mode, the remanufacturing rate of product might be increased. Thus, the proactive remanufacturing could provide a new perspective in future remanufacturing engineering.     

制造与再制造决策的优化

产品回收再利用越来越受到重视，许多原产商都积极地进行回收再制造。再制造与制造过程通常会共用一些相同的生产资源，由此出现的问题就是如何协调这两者的作业，使之达到最优。本文假定制造与再制造产品可以互相替换，着重探讨了当制造提前时间小于或等于再制造提前时间时，制造与再制造的最优策略。