乙烯淤浆聚合物体系的相平衡计算

乙烯淤浆聚合反应体系的流程模拟与优化过程中气液相平衡的准确计算影响到聚乙烯生成量和聚乙烯分子量的模拟. 通过再参数化含链扰动统计缔合流体理论(Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory, PC-SAFT)状态方程,建立了乙烯淤浆聚合体系物性的计算方法. 以文献数据为基准,利用Polymers Plus软件平台,分别得到了乙烯、氢气、己烷、聚乙烯、氮气纯组分的PC-SAFT方程的模型参数,并在准确确定纯组分模型参数的基础上,得到了乙烯-己烷、氢气-己烷、氮气-己烷、以及聚乙烯-乙烯、聚乙烯-己烷组分二元交互系数. 计算结果表明,采用再参数化PC-SAFT状态方程可以准确计算乙烯淤浆聚合反应体系的纯组分物质性质和两组分之间的相平衡. 同时对工业过程中5个不同牌号聚乙烯的反应器内气液平衡状态进行了模拟计算,氢气与乙烯在气相的摩尔比与工业分析值能很好地吻合,最大误差为7.5%.     

基于CPA状态方程计算天然气-甲醇-水气液相平衡

采用考虑了极性分子间氢键缔合作用的立方型附加缔合项(CPA)状态方程计算了天然气-甲醇-水体系气液相平衡。根据实验测试的甲烷-水、乙烷-水、丙烷-水、正己烷-水、甲醇-水二元体系气液相平衡实验数据,拟合了CPA状态方程中甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正己烷、甲醇与水的二元交互作用系数,提出了与烷烃摩尔质量相关的烷烃-水二元交互作用系数关联式。在此基础上,预测了天然气-甲醇-水多组分体系的气液相平衡。结果表明:在温度为283—298 K,压力为5.86—34.34 MPa的范围内,预测的气相水含量、甲醇含量与实验值之间的平均相对偏差分别为5.55%和8.09%。CPA状态方程不仅为准确预测天然气-甲醇-水体系的气液相平衡提供了依据,还可应用于其他含极性物质体系的热力学物性参数和相平衡的计算。     

费托合成油品体系相关二元物系汽液平衡预测方法的评价

比较了基于不同α函数（BM、SRW）和不同混合规则（MHV2、WS、HG）的PR、RKS状态方程,SR-POLAR和PC-SAFT状态方程,以及UNIF-DMD和UNIF-HOC活度系数方程在费托合成油品体系预测汽液平衡的能力。结果表明：对于弱极性体系,各种计算方法结果接近,偏差均较小;对于非缔合极性体系,UNIF-DMD、RKS-MHV2和RKS-HG方程计算结果比较准确;对于含水缔合极性体系,RKS-MHV2方程和UNIF-HOC方程计算结果比较准确;含酸缔合体系,UNIF-HOC方程和SR-POLAR方程显示了最准确的预测能力;其他缔合极性体系,UNIF-HOC方程和SR-POLAR仍然显示了最高的计算精度,RKS-MHV2和RKS-HG次之;PC-SAFT缺少交互参数时,非均匀体系计算偏差较大。     

二元交互参数化PC-SAFT在超临界乙烯配位聚合体系相平衡计算中的应用

超临界烯烃配位聚合技术是近年来国际聚烯烃工业领域中的重要进展之一,超临界体系相平衡计算则是该聚合工艺设计与优化操作的基础。本文以链扰动统计缔合流体理论（PC-SAFT）状态方程描述工业级超临界乙烯配位聚合体系的相平衡,得到了适用于该复杂体系的PC-SAFT二元交互参数。与公开报道的实验数据比较表明,获得的二元交互参数可准确描述该超临界体系在较宽温度、压力范围的相平衡。基于上述二元交互参数,针对2个不同双峰聚乙烯产品牌号,计算了工业装置内多组分的相平衡状态,结果表明,反应器内的[H₂]/[C₂H₄]摩尔比、淤浆密度的计算值与工业数据吻合较好,验证了二元交互参数的适用性。研究结果为进一步的工艺流程模拟与优化奠定了基础。     

超临界CO2二元系统相平衡的数值模拟

应用微扰理论,借助微扰状态方程,对超临界CO2 系统相平衡进行了模拟。编制了求解程序,介绍了状态方程中各参数的确定方法和程序模块的设计思想。针对超临界CO2 /非极性体系、超临界CO2 /极性体系,在不同温度、压力条件下的气液相平衡进行了计算,将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明:微扰状态方程适合模拟超高压下的CO2 二元体系的相平衡。     

二元交互参数化PC-SAFT在超临界乙烯配位聚合体系相平衡计算中的应用

超临界烯烃配位聚合技术是近年来国际聚烯烃工业领域中的重要进展之一,超临界体系相平衡计算则是该聚合工艺设计与优化操作的基础。本文以链扰动统计缔合流体理论(PC-SAFT)状态方程描述工业级超临界乙烯配位聚合体系的相平衡,得到了适用于该复杂体系的PC-SAFT二元交互参数。与公开报道的实验数据比较表明,获得的二元交互参数可准确描述该超临界体系在较宽温度、压力范围的相平衡。基于上述二元交互参数,针对2个不同双峰聚乙烯产品牌号,计算了工业装置内多组分的相平衡状态,结果表明,反应器内的[H2]/[C2H4]摩尔比、淤浆密度的计算值与工业数据吻合较好,验证了二元交互参数的适用性。研究结果为进一步的工艺流程模拟与优化奠定了基础。     

煤炭直接液化体系高温高压气液相平衡研究进展及模型选择

笔者从气液相平衡基础理论展开并综述了高温高压相平衡计算研究进展，介绍了状态方程法、混合模型法、超额Gibbs自由能-状态方程模型法，并重点介绍了超额Gibbs自由能-状态方程模型法的思路及应用特点。针对煤炭直接液化物系高温、高压、强不对称、强极性、完全非理想体系等特点，与结合传统混合规则的状态方程法及混合模型法相比较，采用超额Gibbs自由能-状态方程模型法能够在更大范围内准确计算和预测煤液化气液相平衡。     

乙烯淤浆聚合体系组分的物性计算方法

聚合反应体系的物性计算是聚合过程模拟和优化的难点问题之一.针对乙烯淤浆聚合反应体系,采用链扰动统计缔合流体理论(PC-SAFT)状态方程,通过再参数化方法确定了聚合物体系中乙烯、己烷、氮气、氢气、聚乙烯的PC-SAFT模型参数.物性计算结果分别与文献的PC-SAFT模型、统计缔合流体理论(SAFT)状态方程、Sanchez-Lancombe状态方程等方法进行了比较,表明研究所采用的PC-SAFT模型参数计算乙烯淤浆聚合体系物性的计算精度优于文献提供的方法.     

基于反应机理的乙烯淤浆共聚过程建模

以工业淤浆法生产高密度聚乙烯的工艺为研究对象,相对分子质量分布和共聚组成为目标,建立共聚流程的稳态模型。采用PC-SAFT状态方程计算聚合体系的物性和相平衡;运用Ziegler-Natta反应机理确定5活性位共聚动力学模型,重新整定了动力学常数。并利用工厂采集的5个串联工艺牌号数据,以相对分子质量分布和共聚组成为质量指标对所建的模型进行了验证,结果表明相对分子质量分布基本吻合,共聚物组成的误差小于5%,为牌号切换的优化奠定了基础。     

烃-水体系互溶度预测模型的研究进展

在化工、能源、环境、食品和药物等工业设计过程中,真实混合物的可靠溶解度数据非常重要,不仅能丰富相平衡数据库,还能指导工艺设备设计和产品质量控制。本文介绍了烃-水体系相互溶解度的模型化研究,包括状态方程法、活度系数法和经验关联式,以及近年来发展起来的真实溶剂似导体屏蔽模型法(conductor-like screening model for real solvents,COSMO-RS)。状态方程法和活度系数法主要是通过选择非对称的混合规则以及引进描述水分子极性作用的参数,来改善对烃-水体系相互溶解度的计算精度。经验关联式主要是对实验数据的拟合,每种烃的参数不同。COSMO-RS模型根据密度泛函理论(即建立极化电荷密度的简单经验式)计算单个分子嵌入虚拟导体产生的作用,通过准确描述界面统计相互作用获得体系的热力学性质。因此,该方法对各种体系具有普适性。分析表明,COSMO-RS模型对烃-水体系相互溶解度的预测值与实验值吻合良好,可以补充某些难以通过实验获得的烃-水体系互溶度数据。最后总结和展望了烃-水体系相互溶解度模型化的未来发展方向。     

Modelling of polymerization kinetics and molar mass development in the nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide using the PC-SAFT equation of state

A mathematical model for polymerization kinetics and molar mass development in the nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) of vinyl monomers in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) has been developed. The method of moments is used for molar mass development. The perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state is used to estimate the number of stable phases present at equilibrium in the reaction mixture, critical number average chain length at which polymer particles are formed, and monomer concentration in each phase. Pure and binary PC-SAFT interaction parameters are estimated from liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) and liquid–vapour equilibrium (LVE) experimental data at 60 to 129°C. The effect of pressure on monomer conversion and molar mass development in the polymerization of styrene (Sty) using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO) at 120°C and 300–500 bar is studied. It was observed that increasing pressure increases polymerization rate without significantly affecting molar mass development.     

PC-SAFT理论对CO_2-甲醇体系相平衡的研究

主要结合统计缔合流体理论(PC-SAFT),采用已有的CO2与甲醇纯流体分子参数,同时利用CO2与甲醇纯流体分子参数回归二元交叉作用参数。以CO2、甲醇的纯流体分子参数及回归所得的二元交叉作用参数作为输入,来关联和预测CO2-甲醇二元体系相平衡性质。本文不仅对CO2-甲醇二元体系p-x和p-ρ相图的预测结果与实验数据进行了比较,而且分析了温度、压力和两相密度等因素对CO2-甲醇二元体系界面性质的影响。     

Phase stability analysis using the PC-SAFT equation of state and the tunneling global optimization method

Phase stability calculation is a very important topic in phase equilibrium modeling. Usually the phase stability problem is solved by minimization of the tangent plane distance (TPD) function, the sign of the objective function at its global minimum indicating the state of the mixture at given conditions. The TPD function is non-convex and may be highly non-linear, many phase stability problems being really challenging. The tunneling global optimization method had been successfully used for solving a variety of phase equilibrium problems, including stability, with cubic equations of state (EoS). In this work, we test the ability of the tunneling method to solve the phase stability problem for more complex EoS like PC-SAFT. Calculations are performed for several benchmark problems, for mixtures of non-associating molecules, from binaries to multicomponent. In one example, the mixture contains hydrogen sulphide, for which the three parameters required by the PC-SAFT EoS were unavailable in the literature. These parameters, as well as the binary interaction parameter (BIP) between hydrogen sulphide and methane, were calculated based on experimental data.     

Phase equilibria of associating fluid mixtures using the perturbed-hard-sphere-chain equation of state combined with the association model

For developing the equation of state which can be applicable to associating fluids, the Perturbed-Hard-Sphere-Chain-Association (PHSC-AS) equation of state is proposed by incorporating the association term of the SAFT model into the PHSC equation of state which has been widely used to describe phase equilibria for the fluid system containing a large molecule such as polymer. In this work, two different types of PHSC models have been examined. One is the original model proposed by Song et al., and the other is the modified model by Kim and Bae whose chain term was replaced with that of the SAFT model. As a result, two types of PHSC-AS models are obtained, and applied to the calculation of phase equilibria for the binary system containing a self-associating compound such as alcohol, amine and carboxylic acid, etc. The calculated results of vapour-liquid equilibria are in good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed models (PHSC-AS) are also compared to the PC-SAFT model.     

PC-SAFT Equation: A Predictive Tool to Determine Experimental Conditions for Polymer Blend Demixing

Abstract

The perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state (PC-SAFT) was applied to predict the phase behavior of polymer solutions in order to determine the pressure – temperature region for the high molecular weight polymer blend separation by using n-alkanes at high pressure and high temperature. The polymer blends selected were physical blends of polyethylene (PE)/polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP)/PS. The miscibility and immiscibility region of each polymer in different alkanes (n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-heptane) was studied and from this analysis, the experimental conditions of the polymer blend demixing were predetermined. The results obtained were validated with experimental data indicating that the PC-SAFT equation is a good tool to predict experimental conditions for the processing windows of polymer blend separation.     

A modified perturbed chain-statistical associating fluid theory equation of state for water which includes an association dependent hard sphere diameter

The concept of an association dependent hard sphere diameter is introduced as a means to obtain an accurate perturbed chain-statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state model for water. The new approach is demonstrated to be a step change in accuracy for the representation of pure water properties as compared with standard PC-SAFT applications. Extension of the approach to mixtures is discussed.     

Measurement and modelization of VLE of binary mixtures of propyl acetate,butyl acetate or isobutyl acetate with methanol at pressure of 0.6 MPa

The vapor–liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures of propyl acetate,butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate with methanol has been determined at a constant pressure of 0.6 MPa.Results have been modeled with the Peng–Robinson equation,a traditional cubic equation of state widely employed in chemical industries,as well as with the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid PC-SAFT theory of Gross–Sadowski.By correlation of the binary interaction parameters of these equations,the measured vapor–liquid equilibrium data can be accurately predicted.Thus,this work shows that these models are able to represent the experimental data for systems with associating compounds via hydrogen bonding.