（R）和（S）—2甲基戊酸的合成

使用Ｄ－（－）樟脑衍生物－莰烷－２,１０－磺内酰胺为原料,以Ｎ－烷酰基莰烷－２,１０－磺内酰２胺与碘代烷基化合物进行不对称烷基化反应为关键步骤,共经３步成功地合成出（Ｒ）和（Ｓ）－２－甲基戊酸,其光学纯度大于９５％ｅ．ｅ。本文合成方法具有合成步骤短,产率高,反应条件温和及手性助剂可回收利用等优点,是一种合成各种２－甲基链烷酸的简捷,有效的好方法。     

6-((2R,6S)-2,6-二甲基吗啉代)吡啶-3-胺盐酸盐的合成

标题化合物是一种重要的医药中间体,以(2R,6S)-2,6-二甲基4-(5-硝基吡啶-2-基)吗啉为起始原料,经与Pd/C、氢气和二碳酸二叔丁酯体系反应以及氯化氢乙醇脱Boc保护两步反应制备可得.该合成方法成本低廉、反应条件温和、操作简便、副反应少、目标产物稳定,适合工业化生产,反应总收率为78.45％.     

(R)-(-)-α-对氯苯基异戊酸消旋利用的研究

(R)-(-)-a-对氯苯基异戊酸为光学活性菊酯类杀虫剂顺式氰戊菊酯生产中产生的无效旋光异构体。本文研究了它消旋利用的工艺,在NaOH作用下在DMSO溶剂中回流反应4～6h可消旋化得到(±)-对氯苯基异戊酸,其产品含量大于98%,比旋光度=0。该消旋产物经过拆分得到的(S)- 对氯苯基异戊酸完全适用于(S,S)- 氰戊菊酯的合成。     

(2R)-2-{(2S,3S)-3-[(1R)-1-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]氮杂环丁-2-酮-4-基}丙酸的合成

从水杨酰胺和环己酮出发,经过亲核反应,丙酰氯取代反应,与4-AA缩合,最后水解合成(2R)-2-[(2S 3S)-3-[(1R)-1-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]氮杂环丁-2-酮-4-基]丙酸,并通过红外,核磁确证其化学结构。该反应条件温和不苛刻,操作简便,适于工业化生产。     

(2R,3S)-3-羟基-天冬氨酸盐酸盐的合成

介绍了羟基天冬氨酸的合成,以D-酒石酸二乙酯为原料,与氯化亚砜反应成亚磺酸类化合物,再与叠氮化钠发生开环反应后,催化加氢还原后得到羟基天冬氨酸二乙酯,经皂化反应后得到目标产物,4步反应的总收率为42%。     

紫杉醇C-13侧链的合成进展

(2R,3S)-N-苯甲酰基-3-苯基异丝氨酸是合成抗癌药物紫杉醇的重要原料,它的制备方法反映出手性物质的一些特点和发展方向。本文从化学法和生物酶法两方面综述了该物质的合成方法,并对其中一些有代表性和应用前景的方法进行了重点介绍。     

Nanomolar competitive inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptomyces coelicolor type II dehydroquinase

Isomeric nitrophenyl and heterocyclic analogues of the known inhibitor (1S,3R,4R)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid have been synthesized and tested as inhibitors of M. tuberculosis and S. coelicolor type II dehydroquinase, the third enzyme of the shikimic acid pathway. The target compounds were synthesized by a combination of Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling and copper(I)-catalyzed 2,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions from a common vinyl triflate intermediate. These studies showed that a para-nitrophenyl derivative is almost 20-fold more potent as a competitive inhibitor against the S. coelicolor enzyme than that of M. tuberculosis. The opposite results were obtained with the meta isomer. Five of the bicyclic analogues reported herein proved to be potent competitive inhibitors of S. coelicolor dehydroquinase, with inhibition constants in the low nanomolar range (4-30 nM). These derivatives are also competitive inhibitors of the M. tuberculosis enzyme, but with lower affinities. The most potent inhibitor against the S. coelicolor enzyme, a 6-benzothiophenyl derivative, has a K(i) value of 4 nM-over 2000-fold more potent than the best previously known inhibitor, (1R,4R,5R)-1,5-dihydroxy-4-(2-nitrophenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-carboxylic acid (8 microM), making it the most potent known inhibitor against any dehydroquinase. The binding modes of the analogues in the active site of the S. coelicolor enzyme (GOLD 3.0.1), suggest a key pi-stacking interaction between the aromatic rings and Tyr 28, a residue that has been identified as essential for enzyme activity.     

立体选择性合成（S，S）－2－羟基－3－氨基－4－苯基丁酸

研究了药物及其中间体的立体选择性合成。报道了一种抗艾滋病候选药中间体（Ｓ，Ｓ）－２－羟基－３－氨基－４－笨基丁酸的立体选择性合成方法，显著地提高了Ｓ－型产物的收率。     

(2S,3R)-2-羟基-3-氨基-4-苯基丁酸的合成方法进展

(2S,3R)-2羟基-3-氨基-4-苯基丁酸（AHPBA）是制备Bestatin、Phebestin和Probestin等氨肽酶N(Aminopeptide N)抑制剂的关键中间体。本文从氨基酸法（D-苯丙氨酸、L-天门冬氨酸、苹果酸二酯）、有机金属催化法（双功能铝配合物）、酶催化法（脂肪酶和全细胞酶）以及其它方法对此中间体的合成方法及路线进行综述和分析。经比较,有机催化法、酶法以及苯乙酮法因其具有经济有利、条件温和或路线简单特点,具有潜在的工业化应用前景。同时,未来人们对AHPBA的合成开发将集中在对已有工艺路线的改进与优化。     

Primary structure and chiroptical properties of polydiasteriomers obtained by steroelective polymerization of N-[(S)-sec-butyl] and N-[(R)-sec-butyl-N-methyl-N-(R,S)-thiirane-2-ylmethyl] amine isomers

Stereoisomers of N-(sec-butyl)-N-methyl-N-((R,S)-thiirane 2-ylmethyl) amine ((S)-sec-butyl, optical purity O.P. ～94% and (R)-sec-butyl, O.P. ～26%) were polymerized using a chiral initiator system (1:1) $\text{ZnEt}{}_2\text{R}\text{(-)3,3-}\text{dimethyl}\text{-1,2-}\text{butanediol}$ (R(-)BMBD) (stereoelective polymerization). In agreement with the homosteric character of this initiator, the configuration of the asymmetric centre located in the heterocycle of the elected diastereoisomer is shown to be R from c.d. spectra of residual monomers, whatever the configuration of the asymmetric centre located in the pendant group. O.r.d. and c.d. spectra of stereoelected polydiastereoisomers are described and compared to those of corresponding polydiastereoisomers bearing racemic main-chain chiral centres. ¹³C n.m.r. spectra of different polydiastereoisomers are reported. The stereosensitivity to tacticity of the main-chain carbons is poor but some of the side-chain carbon atoms are very sensitive to the presence of two asymmetric centres per repeat unit. The optical purity of main-chain chiral centres is deduced from the split resonance of one of these carbons atoms. It is shown that chiroptical properties of polydiastereoisomers primarily depend on configurations of the two chiral sites without obvious contributions from macromolecular conformations. The 242 nm c.d. band assigned to the n → σ1 electronic transition of sulphur chromophores is sensitive only to the optical purity of main-chain chiral centres and can be used to evaluate the configurational enrichment due to the stereoelective polymerization.     

新手性试剂(1R,2S)-2-氨基醇的合成

采用格氏试剂C6H13MgBr和C10H2MgBr对光学活性O-TMS保护的(R)-氰醇的氰基加成,随之用NaBH4对亚胺化合物立体诱导还原氢化,以98%的de值合成了两个新的手性试剂(1R,2S)-2-氨基醇,产率分别达到59%和62%.并通过X射线单晶结构分析法测定了分子结构和晶体结构.     

(2R, 3S)-3-羟基-天冬氨酸盐酸盐的合成研究

本文介绍了羟基天冬氨酸合成的,以D-酒石酸二乙酯为原料,与氯化亚砜反应成亚磺酸类化合物,再与叠氮化钠发生开环反应后,催化加氢还原后得到羟基天冬氨酸二乙酯,经皂化反应后得到目标产物,四步反应的总收率为42.04%。     

(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-羟甲基-7-羟基-2-氧杂双环[3.3.0]辛-3-酮的合成

(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-羟甲基-7-羟基-2-氧杂双环[3.3.0]辛-3-酮(Ⅵ)是制备前列腺素的关键中间体。为了简化工艺条件,降低生产成本,以环戊二烯和二氯乙酰氯为原料,经环加成、还原和Baeyer-Villiger氧化3步反应制得2-氧杂双环[3.3.0]辛-6-烯-3-酮(Ⅳ),收率83.9%;经光学拆分后,与多聚甲醛经区域选择性Prins反应、粗产品不经分离,直接水解合成了Ⅵ,总收率22.0%。讨论了拆分剂、结晶溶剂对拆分Ⅳ的作用,确定了以R-(+)-苯乙胺为拆分剂,乙酸乙酯为结晶溶剂来拆分Ⅳ,拆分收率34.3%,[α]D20=-104.0°(c=1.0,MeOH),熔点:42~46℃。对Prins反应后水解产物的后处理工艺进行了优化,用氯仿重结晶代替柱分离来精制产品,收率76.5%,[α]D20=-45.0°(c=1.0,MeOH),熔点:117~119℃。目标产物用IR、MS、1HNMR进行了表征。     

Highly enantioselective catalytic asymmetric synthesis of a (R)-sibutramin precursor

The first highly enantioselective, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of di-des-methylsibutramine 3 is described. Dienamide 10, prepared by acetic acid anhydride quenching of the condensation product of nitrile 4 with a methallyl magnesium chloride, proved to be an excellent substrate for ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation with atropisomeric diphosphine ligands. Hydrogenation with a ruthenium/(R)- MeOBiPheP catalyst at S/C = 500, gave the chiral amide (R)-9 in 98.5% ee in almost quantitative yield. After acidic amide hydrolysis the desired amine (R)-3 was obtained without erosion of enantioselectivity. It is anticipated that the overall process will be amenable to large-scale production.     

(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙胺的合成

替卡格雷是一种口服选择性小分子抗凝血药,不需要通过代谢激活,自身具有抗血小板活性。(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙胺是合成替卡格雷的一个关键中间体。该文在文献报道的合成路线基础上对其中关键步骤——不对称Corey-Chaykovsky环丙烷化反应进行了研究,筛选出最优反应条件:以L-薄荷醇为手性辅剂,三甲基碘化锍盐为硫叶立德试剂,二甲亚砜和四氢呋喃为混合溶剂,温度为10～12℃,质量分数10%的碘化亚铜为催化剂时,反应收率为60.5%;合成(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙胺5步总收率为20.0%。     

Conformation analysis of aspartame-based sweeteners by NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and X-ray diffraction studies

We report here the synthesis and the conformation analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy and computer simulations of six potent sweet molecules, N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-alpha-L-aspartyl-S-tert-butyl-L-cysteine 1-methylester (1; 70 000 times more potent than sucrose), N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-alpha-L-aspartyl-beta-cyclohexyl-L-alanine 1-methylester (2; 50 000 times more potent than sucrose), N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-alpha-L-aspartyl-4-cyan-L-phenylalanine 1-methylester (3; 2 000 times more potent than sucrose), N-[3,3-dimethylbutyl]-alpha-L-aspartyl-(1R,2S,4S)-1-methyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenylhexylamide (4; 5500 times more potent than sucrose), N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-L-aspartyl-(1R,2S,4S)-1-methyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenylhexylamide (5; 15 000 times more potent than sucrose), and N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-alpha-L-aspartyl-(1R,2S,4S)-1-methyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenylhexylamide (6; 15 000 times more potent than sucrose). The "L-shaped" structure, which we believe to be responsible for sweet taste, is accessible to all six molecules in solution. This structure is characterized by a zwitterionic ring formed by the AH- and B-containing moieties located along the +y axis and by the hydrophobic group X pointing into the +x axis. Extended conformations with the AH- and B-containing moieties along the +y axis and the hydrophobic group X pointing into the -y axis were observed for all six sweeteners. For compound 5, the crystal-state conformation was also determined by an X-ray diffraction study. The result indicates that compound 5 adopts an L-shaped structure even in the crystalline state. The extraordinary potency of the N-arylalkylated or N-alkylated compounds 1-6, as compared with that of the unsubstituted aspartame-based sweet taste ligands, can be explained by the effect of a second hydrophobic binding domain in addition to interactions arising from the L-shaped structure. In our examination of the unexplored D zone of the Tinti-Nofre model, we discovered a sweet-potency-enhancing effect of arylalkyl substitution on dipeptide ligands, which reveals the importance of hydrophobic (aromatic)-hydrophobic (aromatic) interactions in maintaining high potency.     

Bioconversion process for synthesis of tert-butyl (3R,5S)-6-chloro-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoate using liquid-core immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC No 2233

Tert-butyl (3R,5S)-6-chloro-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoate was synthesized using asymmetric reduction of tert-butyl (S)-6-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-hexanoate with liquid-core immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC No. 2233. The optimum conditions for preparation of the liquid-core immobilized cells were found to be 2% guar gum, 5% CaCl₂, 0.8% sodium alginate, capsule diameter 2mm, 0.3% chitosan (1.0×10⁵) solution, and 30 min for formation of the film of liquid-core immobilized cells. The optimum re-cultivation time was 32 h. The optimum reduction conditions were found to be pH 6.8–7.2, 160 r/min, and 30 °C. Conversion was found to reach 100% when initial concentration of substrate was less than 50 g/L. The diastereomeric excess of tert-butyl (3R,5S)-6-chloro-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoate exceeded 99%. The liquid-core immobilized cells retained their effectiveness even after 15 uses.     

（R）－（＋）－2－甲基－1，4－丁二醇的合成

以３－甲基－３－丁烯－１－醇为原料，经二氢吡喃醇保护反应、不对称硼氢化－氧化反应、脱保护基因反应合成了（Ｒ）－（＋）－２－甲基－１，４－丁二醇，总产率高达６３％。     

手性CBS催化剂的研究进展

CBS催化剂是不对称还原反应中重要的手性催化剂，广泛应用于不对称合成领域中极重要的手性配体与手性中间体以及生物活性物质和天然物质的合成，具有巨大的市场潜力。CBS催化剂的制备通常是以(R/S)-脯氨酸为原料，先经某些反应保护氨基与羧基后进行格氏反应，之后脱去保护基团得前驱体(R/S)-α,α′-二苯基-2-吡咯烷甲醇，再与硼烷或其衍生物进行反应而得到。对CBS催化剂的制备方法、在有机合成中的应用、不对称催化反应的机理及其负载化进行了概述。     

(3R,4R)-3-[(1′R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-乙酰氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮的合成

以化合物(3S,4S)-3-[(1′R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-羧基-1-对甲氧基苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮为主要原料,以卟啉锰为催化剂,经氧化脱羧,再由O3氧化脱保护基制得(3R,4R)-3-[(1′R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-乙酰氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮(4AA),两步反应总收率达到83.7%.采用卟啉锰做催化剂进行脱羧氧化反应,使该步反应收率达到了93.0%.用FT-IR、1HNMR对最终产物结构进行了表征.