Single-phase high power factor pre-regulator with three-level modulation scheme

A control scheme for the single-phase three-level pulse-width modulation active rectifier is proposed. A hysteresis current control scheme is used to draw the sinusoidal line current in phase with the mains voltage. The line current command is derived from a voltage controller and a phase-locked loop circuit. The blocking voltage of each power device is clamped to half of the DC-link voltage in the proposed active rectifier. In order to generate the three-level voltage pattern on the DC side of the active rectifier, the region detector of the line voltage, capacitor voltage compensator and hysteresis current comparator are employed in the adopted control algorithm to achieve high input power factor and low current distortion. To investigate the proposed control algorithm, the adopted rectifier is simulated and experimental tests from a laboratory prototype undertaken.     

A novel control scheme for the multilevel rectifier/inverter

A novel three-level pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier/inverter is proposed: this single-phase three-level rectifier with power factor correction and current harmonic reduction is proposed to improve power quality. A three-phase three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter is adopted to reduce the harmonic content of the inverter output voltages and currents. In the adopted rectifier, a switching mode rectifier with two AC power switches is adopted to draw a sinusoidal line current in phase with mains voltage. The switching functions of the power switches are based on a look-up table. To achieve a balanced DC-link capacitor voltage, a capacitor voltage compensator is employed. In the NPC inverter, the three-level PWM techniques based on the sine-triangle PWM and space vector modulation are used to reduce the voltage harmonics and to drive an induction motor. The advantages of the adopted th-ree-level rectifier/inverter are (1) the blocking voltage of power devices (T1, T2, S_a1-S_c4) is clamped to half of the DC-link voltage, (2) low conduction loss with low conduction resistance due to low voltage stress, (3) low electromagnetic interference, and (4) low voltage harmonics in the inverter output. Based on the proposed control strategy, the rectifier can draw a high power factor line current and achieve two balance capacitor voltages. The current harmonics generated from the adopted rectifier can meet the international requirements. Finally, the proposed control algorithm is illustrated through experimental results based on the laboratory prototype.     

An overvoltage suppression scheme for AC motor drives using a halfDC-link voltage level at each PWM transition

Passive filters are conventionally used to suppress overvoltage in the motor terminal, either by reducing the voltage rise rate at the inverter output, or by decreasing the motor terminal impedance. We propose an overvoltage suppression scheme that renders the use of passive filters unnecessary. This approach differs from general filter methods, in that it is independent,of dυ/dt and does not try to reduce dυ/dt. Our scheme utilizes the middle voltage level V_DC /2 at each pulsewidth modulation voltage transition, where V_DC represents the DC-link voltage. The duration of the middle voltage level is controlled in such a way that reflected voltages are cancelled out at the motor terminal. Optimal cancellation is achieved when the duration of V_DC/2 is equal to twice the transport delay of the cable. Further, if reflection coefficients at the motor terminal and the inverter output are equal to ±1, no overvoltage takes place. The proposed scheme requires the use of six auxiliary insulated gate bipolar transistor switches. Simulation as well as experimental results are presented here     

A novel PWM scheme for single-phase three-levelpower-factor-correction circuit

This paper presents a control scheme for a single-phase AC-to-DC power converter with three-level pulsewidth modulation. A single-phase power-factor-correction circuit is proposed to improve the power quality. The hysteresis current control technique for a diode bridge, with two power switches is adopted to achieve a high power factor and low harmonic distortion. A control scheme is presented where the line current is driven to follow the reference sinusoidal current which is derived from the DC-link voltage regulator, the capacitor voltage balance compensator and the output power estimator. The blocking voltage of each power device is clamped to half of the DC-link voltage. The high power factor and low current total harmonic distortion are verified by computer simulations and hardware tests     

A new ZVS-PWM unity power factor rectifier with reduced conductionlosses

This paper introduces a new single-phase high power factor rectifier, which features regulation by conventional PWM, soft commutation and instantaneous average line current control. Furthermore, thanks to the use of a single converter, instead of the conventional configuration composed of a four-diode front-end rectifier followed by a boost converter, a significant reduction in the conduction losses is achieved. A prototype rated at 1.6 kW, operating at 70 kHz, with an input AC voltage of 220 Vrms and an output voltage of 400 V_DC has been implemented in the laboratory. An efficiency of 97.8 % at 1.6 kW has been measured. Analysis, design, and the control circuitry are also presented in the paper     

A new ZVS semiresonant high power factor rectifier with reducedconduction losses

This paper presents a novel single-phase unity power factor rectifier, which features critical conduction mode and zero-voltage switching. The reduced conduction losses are achieved by the employment of a single converter, instead of the typical configuration composed of a front-end rectifier followed by a boost converter. Theoretical analysis, a design example, and experimental results of a 300 W converter with 127 V_rms input voltage and 400 V_DC output voltage are presented     

Implementation of a three-level rectifier for power factorcorrection

In this paper, a new single-phase switching mode rectifier (SMR) for three-level pulse width modulation (PWM) is proposed to achieve high input power factor, low current harmonics, low total harmonic distortion (THD) and simple control scheme. The mains circuit of the proposed SMR consists of six power switches, one boost inductor, and two DC capacitors. The control algorithm is based on a look-up table. There are five control signals in the input of the look-up table. These control signals are used to control the power flow of the adopted rectifier, compensate the capacitor voltages for the balance problem, draw a sinusoidal line current with nearly unity power factor, and generate a three-level PWM pattern on the AC side of adopted rectifier. The advantages of using three-level PWM scheme compared with two-level PWM scheme are using low voltage stress of power switches, decreasing input current harmonics, and reducing the conduction losses. The performances of the proposed multilevel SMR are measured and shown in this paper. The high power factor and low harmonic currents at the input of the rectifier are verified by software simulations and experimental results from a laboratory prototype     

A fuzzy-controlled active front-end rectifier with current harmonicfiltering characteristics and minimum sensing variables

A control strategy which allows conventional voltage-source current-controlled (VSCC) pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifiers to work simultaneously as active power filters is presented. The proposed control strategy also allows compensating the system power factor and compensating unbalanced loads. The measurement and/or calculation of the harmonics and reactive power are not required, making the proposed control scheme very simple. The active front-end rectifier acts directly on the mains line currents, forcing them to be sinusoidal and in phase with the mains voltage supply. To improve the dynamic of the system, the amplitude of the current is controlled by a fuzzy system, which adjusts the DC-link voltage of the PWM rectifier. The strategy is based on connecting all the polluting loads between the PWM rectifier and their input current sensors. The main advantages of this approach are the following: (1) there is no need to install a specially dedicated active power filter; (2) it also works simultaneously as a power factor compensator; and (3) no special and complicated calculations are required for harmonic elimination. The viability of the proposed active front-end rectifier is proved by simulation and with experimental results obtained from a 2 kVA PWM prototype     

New control scheme of three-phase PWM AC/DC converter without phase angle detection under the unbalanced input voltage conditions

In general, three-phase PWM AC/DC power converters have been implemented in the synchronous frame model to eliminate steady state errors effectively and to obtain fast transient response characteristics. However, controllers designed in such way would have input current harmonics and DC-link voltage ripples under the unbalanced input voltage conditions due to the assumption of the balanced input voltage conditions. This paper describes a new control scheme to minimize harmonic distortions of the input current and DC-link voltage in the converter under the unbalanced input voltage. conditions. The synchronous frame input voltage, which is considered as the input side back-EMF component, is regulated pertinently according to the input voltage conditions. The current command is selected to eliminate the reactive power and the second order harmonic component of active power. In this case, the analysis of the input voltage is implemented in the synchronous frame without detecting the phase angle and magnitude of each phase voltage. The proposed control scheme is simple and effectively minimizing the harmonic distortions in the input and output system under the unbalanced input voltage conditions.     

单相三电平PWM实验系统中数字滤波器设计

为了实现网侧电流正弦化及输入端高功率因数,针对单相三电平PWM整流器,本文首先分析了单相三电平PWM整流器的工作原理,给出了控制系统的总体控制思想,为了减少直流侧电压、网侧电压、网侧电流因传感器采样误差和电磁干扰等因素产生的高次谐波,探讨了一种适用于单相PWM整流器谐波抑制的数字滤波器设计方法,实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

DC voltage control and stability analysis of PWM-voltage-typereversible rectifiers

A PWM voltage rectifier has useful characteristics on its DC and AC sides. On its DC side, a DC-link unidirectional voltage is obtained and bidirectional power transfer capability is possible by reversing the flow direction of the DC-link current. On its AC side, near sinusoidal current waveforms and AC four-quadrant operation can be obtained, leading to high-quality power being exchanged between the power converter and the mains. The use of AC filters becomes unnecessary. The rectifier DC voltage must be regulated to a constant value. In this paper, three solutions for the DC voltage control are presented. In the first solution, the DC voltage is controlled by acting upon the quadrature component of the power converter fundamental Park's voltages with relation to the mains voltages. Slow responses are necessary because of stability reasons. Also, load power variations produce both active and reactive power variations in the power converter AC side. To improve the DC voltage response, a second control solution is presented. The power converter currents in Park's coordinates must be controlled. The DC voltage is controlled by controlling the direct Park's current component and, thus, acting only on the active power of the converter AC side. Faster responses are achieved. In this case, load power variations do not produce reactive power variations in the converter AC side. The third control solution is a simplified version of this last one. Experimental results from a 2 kVA IGBT-based prototype showing good system dynamic performance are presented     

Analysis of the Instantaneous Power Flow for Three-Phase PWM Boost Rectifier Under Unbalanced Supply Voltage Conditions

This paper proposes the analysis of the instantaneous power flow of three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) boost rectifier under unbalanced supply voltage conditions. An analytical expression for the instantaneous output power has been derived, which provides the link between the output dc link voltage and the instantaneous output power. A direct relationship between the dc link voltage ripples and the second harmonic component in the instantaneous output power has been established. Based on the input and output instantaneous power analytical expressions provided, the presence of the odd order harmonic components in the ac line currents can be explained. A simple cascaded PI control scheme has been developed for the dc output voltage control. The controller ensures that the dc link voltage is maintained constant and the supply side power factor is kept close to unity under the unbalanced supply voltage operating conditions. Simulation and experimental test results are provided on a 1.6-kVA laboratory-based PWM rectifier to validate the proposed analysis and control scheme.      

Thyristor-based current-fed drive with direct power control for permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance generator

This paper proposes a robust and simple direct power control (DPC) of a thyristor-based current-fed drive for generator applications. A current-fed drive and permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance generator (PMa-SynRG) are investigated to deliver 3 kW power using a combustion engine. The current-fed drive utilises a thyristor-based three-phase rectifier to convert generator power to DC-link power and a single-phase current-fed inverter to supply a single-phase inductive load. In addition, a new control algorithm is developed based on DPC for the current-fed drive. The DC-link voltage-based DPC is proposed in order to directly control the output power. The goal of the DPC is to maintain the DC-link voltage at the required output power operating point. The DPC has advantages such as a simple algorithm for constant speed operation. Another feature of the developed current-fed drive is its inherent capability to provide generating action by making the PMa-SynRG operates as a generator, rectifying the phase voltages by means of the three-phase rectifier and feeding the power into the load. These features make the current-fed drive a good candidate for driving any type of synchronous generators including the proposed PMa-SynRG.     

A novel three-phase utility interface minimizing line currentharmonics of high-power telecommunications rectifier modules

Based on the combination of a three-phase diode bridge and a DC/DC boost converter, a new three-phase three-switch three-level pulsewidth modulated (PWM) rectifier system is developed. It can be characterized by sinusoidal mains current consumption, controlled output voltage, and low-blocking voltage stress on the power transistors. The application could be, e.g., for feeding the DC link of a telecommunications power supply module. The stationary operational behavior, the control of the mains currents, and the control of the output voltage are analyzed. Finally, the stresses on the system components are determined by digital simulation and compared to the stresses in a conventional six-switch two-level PWM rectifier system     

Single-phase integrated power quality compensator based oncapacitor-clamped configuration

A control scheme of an integrated power quality compensator, which employs an active rectifier to work simultaneously as an active power filter (APF) to decrease current harmonics, is proposed. The employed rectifier is based on a capacitor-clamped configuration to produce multilevel pulsewidth modulation waveforms which result in low voltage stress and low conduction loss on the power switches. The proposed active rectifier is controlled to track the supply current to be a sinusoidal wave with low current harmonics. The advantages of the proposed control scheme are high power factor, low current harmonics, no complicated calculations for current harmonics elimination, and no dedicated APF needed for harmonic elimination. The experimental results are used to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme     

单相PWM整流器控制方法及谐波分析

传统二极管不控整流或晶闸管相控整流,对电网注入大量谐波及无功功率,造成电源污染.PWM整流器采用全控型开关器件取代二极管或半控型器件,并将PWM控制技术引入整流器,在稳定直流电压输出同时,使交流侧电源电流接近正弦波,实现能量的双向流动.通过介绍单相PWM整流器的控制方法,利用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型,比较分析不同控制方式下PWM整流器运行时电压波形及输入电流的谐波频谱.     

A Novel Variable Hysteresis Band Current Control of Three-Phase Three-Level Unity PF Rectifier With Constant Switching Frequency

A Simple and novel variable hysteresis band current control technique for three-phase three-level unity power factor (PF) rectifier is proposed in this paper. The hysteresis band is controlled as variations of the rectifier input voltage and output dc link voltage to achieve constant switching frequency at any operating conditions, i.e., at rated and below and above the rated conditions. The rectifier has the characteristic of easy implementation, and draws a nearly sinusoidal current at unity input PF. Theoretical and predicted results of its analysis are verified initially through digital simulation, and confirmed by using an experimental prototype     

一种单相三电平高功率因数PWM整流器的研究与仿真

介绍了一种新型单相三电平高功率因数PWM整流器电路拓扑,详细分析了该电路的工作状态,推导了其数学模型。采用预测电流控制和逻辑开关状态控制作为其控制策略,经计算机仿真结果表明,该整流器能够维持直流侧输出电压稳定,并可实现高功率因数运行。     

A soft-switched, high-frequency resonant rectifier andcharacteristics of the controlled system

In this paper, a high frequency and soft-switched AC/DC rectifier employing a series-type resonant circuit is proposed to obtain the sinusoidal AC line current. Using the proposed rectifier, the high power factor and low harmonic currents are obtained in the AC line. Furthermore, several advantages such as the high power density and wide output voltage range can also be available. To regulate the output voltage of the proposed circuit, the digital proportional-integral (PI) controller is used whose sampling time corresponds to the zero-crossing point of the AC line voltage. Including this controller, the model for the closed-loop system is developed in order to examine the stability and dynamic characteristics. With this model, the gain of the PI-controller is determined by the pole assignment technique and the closed-loop dynamics is investigated by the root locus plots. A good agreement is made between the simulated and experimental results     

双三电平交-直-交变频系统研究

双PWM变频调速系统采用交一直一交拓扑结构,通过可控整流,实现网侧电流接近正弦波,网侧功率因数近似为1,具有较快的动态响应,双向传输电能等诸多优点,实现了节能调速。针对NPC型三电平拓扑给出了一种参考电压分解的三电平SVPWM算法,简化为两电平SVPWM算法,比传统的三电平SVPWM算法易于实现,仿真验证7该算法的有效...