W18Cr4V高速钢激光相变强化组织及奥氏体晶粒度

研究了Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ高速钢激光相变强化层的组织及奥氏体晶粒超细化的机理。强化层的组织由马氏体、残余奥氏体及末溶碳化物组成，其中片状马氏体量较多，板条马氏体量较少，其亚结构分别为孪晶和密度较高的位错，残余奥氏体量约为１０％￣１５％，较常规热处理有明显减少，激光强化后晶粒度由原来的８级提高到１２级。     

铸铁激光表面改性的组织与性能特征的研究

论述了激光表面熔融处理后硬化层的显微组织与性能特征，讨论了组织对硬度分布的影响试验结果表明：经激光表面熔融处理后，球墨铸铁熔化层组织为先共晶奥氏体（快冷后转变为Ｍ＋ＡＲ）＋莱氏体，相变层组织为马氏体＋残余奥氏体＋球状石墨；灰口铸铁的熔化层组织为细小树枝（Ｍ＋ＡＲ）＋弥散分布的树枝间层片状变态莱氏体（Ｍ＋ＡＲ＋Ｆｅ３Ｃ）的变态亚共晶白口组织，相变层组织为马氏体＋残余奥氏体＋片状石墨在相变区，球状石墨周围的组织较复杂，靠近熔化层处的石墨球周围出现双壳层组织，由一层马氏体＋残余奥氏体包围，再围以莱氏体或先共晶奥氏体＋莱氏体组织     

残余奥氏体的诱发相变对Cr12钢耐磨性的影响

利用金相、Ｘ射线、扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了Ｃｒ１２钢中残余奥氏体的形变诱发马氏体相变对耐磨性能的影响，探讨了强化机制．结果表明，Ｃｒ１２钢经１１５０℃淬火得到大量处于变塑状态的残余奥氏体，并在磨损过程中发生形变诱发马氏体相变，使表面硬度和耐磨性显著提高，超过常规的９８０℃淬火．残余奥氏体对耐磨性的强化，为逐层诱发马氏体的循环强化机制．     

残余奥氏体及其机械稳定性与钢强韧性关系的研究

钢中残余奥氏体发生应变诱发马氏体相变的百分量与拉伸应变量的对数呈线性关系,用直线斜率的倒数Ks值可表示残余奥氏体机械稳定性的大小。提高钢中残余奥氏体量及其机械稳定性是改善钢强韧性的有效途径之一。残余奥氏体发生应变诱发马氏体相变吸收能量是提高钢韧性的主要原因。在低碳贝氏体钢中,以M—A岛形式存在的残余奥氏体因受岛中马氏体的强化作用使屈服强度保持较高水平,而残余奥氏体在拉伸的均匀塑性变形阶段因应变诱发相变形成的马氏体使钢的抗拉强度提高。     

激光淬火齿轮组织和应力分析

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线应力分析系统，对齿轮宽带激光淬火后淬硬层显微组织和应力特性进行了研究，结果表明：激光淬火硬化区依其组织特征，大致分为3层：第1层为表面完全淬硬层，其主要是由马氏体和残余奥氏体组成；第2层为过渡层，由马氏体和基体上分布着回火析出的碳化物混合组成；第3层为高温回火区，由回火索氏体组织组成．激光淬火硬化层应力状态为压应力．     

残余奥氏体的诱发相变对Cr12钢耐磨性的影响

利用金相，Ｘ射线，扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了Ｃｒ１２钢中残余奥氏体的形变诱发马氏体相变对耐磨性能的影响，探讨了强化机制。结果表明，Ｃｒ１２钢经１１５０℃淬火得到大量处于变塑状态的残余奥氏体，并在磨损过程中发生形变诱发马氏体相变，使表面硬度和耐磨性显著提高，超过常规的９８０℃淬火。残余奥氏体对耐磨性强化，为逐层诱发马氏体的循环强化机制。     

初始组织对电脉冲处理逆变奥氏体晶粒细化效果的影响

通过金相组织观察、显微硬度测试,研究了电脉冲处理条件下,不同初始组织对逆变奥氏体晶粒细化效果的影响。结果表明:回火马氏体初始组织电脉冲奥氏体化过程为α+Fe_3C→γ扩散型逆相变,逆变奥氏体晶粒获得超细化(d_γ5μm),这证实了脉冲电流促进奥氏体形核率提高的理论分析;马氏体初始组织电脉冲奥氏体化过程为α′→γ位移型逆相变;初始马氏体的原奥氏体晶界在逆相变过程中未发生变化,形成晶粒粗大的位移型逆变奥氏体;从位移型逆变奥氏体淬火得到的马氏体获得再次强化;升高电脉冲处理峰值温度,位移型逆变奥氏体发生再结晶;再结晶形核始于位移型逆变奥氏体晶界这唯一具有大角度位相差的区域;再结晶完成后,奥氏体平均晶粒直径为11μm。     

热机械控制工艺对高铝低硅相变诱发塑性钢组织性能的影响

通过热轧后等温保温实验,研究了热机械控制工艺(TMCP)对高铝低硅相变诱发塑性钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,二种实验钢显微组织均由铁素体,贝氏体和残余奥氏体组成,变形时,残余奥氏体因应变诱导马氏体相变,相变诱发塑性,获得了良好的力学性能。B钢中添加A1增加了奥氏体的堆垛层错能,降低了扩展位错的宽度,不易形成层错。由于γ→ε转变被抑制而造成B钢中更多奥氏体的残留,最终导致贝氏体量更多。由于残余奥氏体的TRIP效应,B钢力学性能优于A钢。     

激光加热淬火时奥氏体晶粒超细化的研究

论述了回火马氏体的２０钢激光加热淬火后的组织及奥氏体晶粒变化的特征。结果证明：钢的非平衡组织经激光超高速加热淬火时，其奥氏体晶粒及淬火组织明显细化。同时，对激光超高速加热时奥氏体晶粒的超细化机理进行了初步的探讨。     

球铁焊缝金属贝氏体相变及组织结构特点

研究了球铁焊缝金属贝氏体相变及组织结构特点。试验结果表明，焊缝金属贝氏体相变依据等温时间不同分为三个阶段。第一阶段焊缝的基体组织为马氏体、贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体，第二阶段的组织为贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体，第三阶段的组织为贝氏体铁素体、残余奥氏体和碳化物。此外，还讨论了球铁焊缝金属贝氏体相变的有关机理     

淬火处理对激光选区熔化成形S136组织与性能的影响

为了改善激光选区熔化（SLM）成形S136模具钢的性能,对SLM成形的试样进行淬火处理. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),研究淬火温度对SLM成形S136的微观组织、硬度和耐腐蚀性能的影响. 结果表明：SLM成形的S136试样组织由马氏体和少量残余奥氏体组成,经过980、1 020、1 050和1 100 °C的淬火处理之后,原晶界消溶,组织大部分转变为马氏体;淬火处理后试样的硬度得到改善,最高值达到54.24 HRC,比原始成形试样提高了近10%;淬火处理后试样原晶界消溶,耐腐蚀性元素分布均匀使得耐腐蚀性能得到了极大的提升,与原始成形试样相比,腐蚀失重量减少了近97%. 优化淬火处理工艺后表明：采用1 050 °C保温1 h并油淬的淬火处理条件,可以得到最佳的硬度/耐蚀性能匹配.     

Effect of fast cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-strength steel annealed in the intercritical region

The effect of fast cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-strength steel annealed in the intercritical region was investigated using a Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator and a continuous annealing thermomechanical simulator. The results showed that the microstructure consisted of ferrite and bainite as the main phases with a small amount of retained austenite and martensite islands at cooling rate of 5 and 50 ℃/s, respectively. Fast cooling after continuous annealing affected all constituents of the microstructure. The mechanical properties were improved considerably. Ultimate tensile strength(UTS) increased and total elongation(TEL) decreased with increasing cooling rate in all specimens. The specimen 1 at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/s exhibited the maximum TEL and UTS×TEL(20% and 27 200 MPa%, respectively) because of the competition between weakening by presence of the retained austenite plus the carbon indigence by carbide precipitation, and strengthening by martensitic islands and precipitation. The maximum UTS and YS(1 450 and 951 MPa, respectively) were obtained for specimen 2 at a cooling rate of 50 ℃/s. This is attributed to the effect of dispersion strengthening of fi ner martensite islands and the effect of precipitation strengthening of carbide precipitates.     

Characteristics of retained austenite in TRIP steels with bainitic ferrite matrix

Heat treatment process for producing cold rolled transformation induced plasticity-aided (TRIP-aided) steels with bainitic ferrite matrix was adopted. Characteristics of retained austenite (RA) in such TRIP steels were investigated. SEM and OM determination results showed that the stable austenite retained at room temperature were mainly located between laths and some of them inside the coarse ferrite. The grains were uniformly distributed in heat treated steel matrix and the regularly dispersed RA represented to be triangular morphology. XRD analysis indicated that RA content in matrix was not less than 10%, and TEM testified that RA inside the matrix were formed at the prior austenite boundaries and represented to be single or twin crystals. The ductile fracture originated from the boundaries of martensite islands from RA and ferrite. The cracks propagated along grain boundaries and some passed through the large ferrite grains and induced transgranular fracture.     

Relation of martensite-retained austenite and its effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of the quenched and partitioned steels

A two-step quenching and partitioning(QP) treatment was applied to low-carbon alloy steels. The relation of initial martensite- retained austenite- fresh martensite and its effect on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by experiments. The results reveal that the volume fraction of retained austenite can reach the peak value of 17%, and the corresponding volume fractions of initial martensite and fresh martensite are 40% and 43%, respectively, when the tested steel is treated by initial quenching at 330°C, partitioning at 500°C for 60 s and final quenching to room temperature. Moreover, the micromorphologies of austenite and martensite become finer with the increasing of initial martensite fraction. The elongation is the highest when the volume fractions of initial martensite and retained austenite are 70% and 11%, respectively, meanwhile, the yield strength increases and tensile strength decreases gradually with the increase of initial martensite fraction, which proves that the mechanical properties including elongation, yield strength and tensile strength are based on the comprehensive effect of the retained austenite fraction, the finer microstructure and austenite stability.     

热处理对含锰6％的中锰球墨铸铁组织及性能的影响

采取不同的淬火（800℃,900℃,1000℃）和回火（200℃,400℃,600℃）热处理工艺,对含锰6％的中锰球墨铸铁组织和力学性能进行了研究．结果表明：中锰球墨铸铁的合理热处理工艺为在900℃奥氏体化保温2h水淬,在200℃回火2h水淬．淬火后的组织为大量的马氏体＋贝氏体＋残余奥氏体＋球状石墨,淬火和回火后的组织为回火马氏体＋贝氏体＋少量残余奥氏体＋碳化物＋球状石墨．热处理后试样的硬度下降,冲击韧性提高,耐磨性下降．淬火温度对试样的硬度、冲击韧性和耐磨性影响较大,回火温度对试样的硬度、冲击韧性和耐磨性影响较小．     

High performance low cost steels with ultrafine grained and multi-phased microstructure

Ultrafine grained ferrite was obtained through tempering cold rolled martensite with an average grain size of 200―400 nm in a low carbon and a microalloyed steel. Thermal and mechanical stability of the two steels was studied. Due to the pinning effect of microalloyed precipitates on the movement of dislocations and grain boundaries, the recrystallization and grain growth rate were retarded, and the thermal stability of ultrafine grained microstructure was improved. The ultrafine grained ferritic steel was ...     

高碳钢中片状马氏体的分形(Fractal)特征

本文研究了T12钢不同温度加热淬火后得到的片状马氏体组织,认为在一个奥氏体晶粒内部,片状马氏体呈分形结构。实验表明在不同的相区,随淬火加热温度增加,分形维数D_f增加。在T=820℃附近D_f有一较大的变化,是由于A+FesC两相区向单相A区的转变所引起,同时也讨论了分形维数D_f与淬火组织硬度之间的关系。     

钢中的低碳马氏体及条间奥氏体

低碳马氏体形成时可能存在碳的扩散,使条间奥氏体富碳,以及受协作形变强化的力学稳保持至室温,形成淬火钢中马氏体条间的奥氏体,它对低碳马氏体的韧化起重要的作用。低碳马氏体形成时,碳的扩散并非必需过程;马氏体与基体间为平直界面,而贝氏体界面却存在巨型台阶;低碳马氏体也并不按贝氏体形式长大;证明低碳马氏体形成机制和贝氏体的不同。低温回火时,由于渗碳体自马氏体脱溶的形核(长大)驱动力较大,先由马氏体析出渗碳体;长时间回火时,由于条间奥氏体分解驱动力较大,又受到马氏体脱溶呈收缩的拉应力促使分解;提出回火马氏体致脆的机制为马氏体脱溶和奥氏体分解的互为关连的过程。应用低碳马氏体时须注意避免回火马氏体致脆及加强条间奥氏体的稳定性。