油脂生产废水的产生及控制

分析了油脂生产中废水产生的途径、废水的成分以及废水的排放量，探讨了控制和减少废水中污染物含量及废水排放量的措施，如对生产工艺的控制，对高浓度生产废水的预处理。对低浓度生产废水的循环使用，对处理达标后的废水再利用，提出油脂生产废水的零排放。     

探讨废水在水溶开采工艺中的影响及应用

在单井对流开采工艺中，废水的利用起着重要的作用。但是，在使用过程中，由于不注意废水的质量问题及合理应用，从而导致卤井损坏速度加快。本文根据生产实际和互相比较，分析了废水中杂质对卤井的影响，并提出了使用废水时应注意的问题。     

提高好氧生物处理漂白纸浆工厂废水中不易再降解的有机物

巴西Vicosa Federal大学科技人员研究了桉木硫酸盐制浆厂漂白废水中不易再降解有机物的性质。在工厂规模间歇式反应器中处理漂白废水，分析了原料和好氧处理后废水中有机物的特性，     

膨化脱墨废水的特性研究

对膨化脱墨废水的污染特性进行了研究，着重分析了SS、COD、BOD和色度等常规污染指标，利用原子吸收光谱测定了脱墨废水中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等金属元素的含量，并利用离子色谱检测废水中葡萄粮、D-木糖、D-半乳糖等几种单糖的含量。研究结果显示，膨化脱墨废水的污染负荷明显低于化学脱墨废水，且膨化脱墨对碳水化合物的降解较少，是一种低污染、高得率的脱墨工艺。     

废纸脱墨及其废水处理

本文介绍了废纸脱墨以及脱墨废水的处理技术。文章对印刷油墨的种类和成分及其可脱墨性进行了分析，论述了油墨的各种成分对脱墨过程的影响，介绍了主要脱墨方法的特点。文章分析了脱墨废水中污染物的主要成分、总结了脱墨废水的处理方法。     

有机废水资源化研究进展

介绍了国内乳品废水、制糖废水、淀粉废水、味精废水处理技术及资源化进展。这四种废水属于高浓度有机废水，可生化性好，主要采用物化和生化方法处理。同时这些废水中含有许多有价值成分，可以开发利用，着重介绍了这几种废水在综合利用和资源化研究方面的进展。     

草浆CEH漂白废水的污染特征

本文对国内二种草浆ＣＥＨ漂白废水的特性进行了较详细的分析研究。研究表明，两种草浆ＣＥＨ漂白废水呈较强的酸性，ＣＯＤ与ＢＯＤ５之比小于０．２，Ｃｌ＾－含量高，不适合于传统的生物氧化法直接处理。废水中的高分子有机物污染物是废水色度的主要来源，两种废水的色度和ｐＨ值密切相关。亚硫酸盐浆ＣＥＨ漂白混合废水ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析结果表明，各种氯代苯、氯代苯酚、氯代愈创木酚是该废水中典型的毒性氯代有机污染物。     

印染废水回用中除盐技术的应用

阐述了印染废水回用中存在盐含量的积累问题，分析了离子交换和膜分高技术在印染废水回用过程中除盐的特点．提出了降低离子交换进水的有机物和盐质量浓度能够最大限度地发挥离子交换在印染废水回用中的技术优势．同时，随着膜使用成本的降低，膜分高技术在印染废水回用上的应用前景光明．     

基于模糊数学算法的制革废水脱色效果模型评价研究

制革废水处理始终是制革产业发展过程中需要重点解决的问题。针对制革废水处理中的脱色效果进行分析，本文提出了一种基于模糊数学算法的制革废水脱色效果评价方法，确定了制革废水脱色效果评价模型，以案例形式对制革废水脱色率、染料去除率等的效果进行评价。结果表明，与传统的评价方法相比，该方法对制革废水脱色评价效果与实际脱色结果一致性更高。     

印染废水成分分析及净化处理技术

文章分析了不同纤维染整工艺导致印染废水成分的差异，研究测试表明各类染料所用助剂对印染废水中COD、BOD、COD／BOD，SS等所造成的影响不同，并介绍了采用聚合硫酸铁（PFS），和H2O2复合法处理印染废水的净化处理技术，该处理技术达到国家规定的排放要求。     

中纤板废水处理技术初探

分析了中纤板生产过程中废水的来源、水质、水量及特点,并就目前工艺中存在的主要问题做了初步分析和探讨。在此基础上,提出了处理废水的思路,推荐了更为优化的工艺流程。     

用Fenton提高造纸废水的可生化性

采用Fenton处理造纸废水,研究了Fenton反应中各影响因素对废水COD去除率、BOD_5/COD值的影响,确定了最佳条件,即反应时间120min,初始pH 3,H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)摩尔浓度比=3,在该条件下,废水COD去除率近85%,B/C达到0 70,可生化性得到了很大改善     

树脂吸附法处理酸析黑液废水的研究

采用树脂吸附法处理酸析黑液废水并回收木质素,考察了树脂吸附-脱附的影响因素,并优化了相关工艺参数。实验结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,黑液经酸析-固定床吸附处理后,CODCr由72000 mg/L降至9000 mg/L,去除率为87.5%,木质素去除率达到98.0%,色度由16000倍降至8倍,去除率高达99.9%。酸析得到粗木质素,树脂吸附可分离回收较纯木质素。可生化性实验表明,经树脂吸附处理后废水的生物降解性能得到显著改善。该工艺操作简单,稳定可靠,运行成本低,在废水处理的同时实现了资源回收,且为后续生物处理创造了良好条件。     

Biodegradability evaluation of wastewaters from malt and beer production

This study reports results of respirometric measurements of activated sludge biodegrading the substrate in wastewater originating from the following brewery plant production departments: malt house, brewhouse, fermentation house and racking house. The process was conducted at two temperatures: 10 and 20°C with activated sludge adapted to brewery wastewaters. The loading of activated sludge reached 0.25 g chemical oxygen demand per gram dry matter per day, which assured complete degradation of organic matter. The physicochemical characteristics of the wastewaters are provided. The study demonstrates a correlation between the site of wastewater generation, the specific character of a unitary technological process and the quality of the wastewater discharged to the sewage system, including biodegradability. Despite significant differences in the quality of the wastewaters, they were characterized by high biodegradability at a temperature of 10 and 20°C and by the C:N:P ratio being beneficial for biological treatment, irrespective of their source of origin. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

强化电化学处理造纸中段废水提高可生化性的研究

电化学方法处理难降解有机废水是一种很有前途的技术，对难于生物降解有毒污染物的去除非常有效，是目前水处理研究中一个较为活跃的领域。本文设计了一个利用电化学方法处理造纸中段废水的简易实验方案，通过多组数据控制参数由实验结果找出最佳运行参数，整理并分析实验数据，由实验结果得出电化学处理废水可以在很大程度上提高废水可生化性的结论。当电解时间为80min，电流为1．6A时，制浆造纸中段水的BOD，／COD达到最大值0．53，生化性最好。     

Fibre concentrate from mango fruit: Characterization, associated antioxidant capacity and application as a bakery product ingredient

Mango is a still underutilized fruit from tropical regions. The aim of this work was to characterize a mango dietary fibre concentrate (MDF) with antioxidant capacity, using the unripe fruit. MDF was obtained and its chemical composition, soluble (SDF) and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), extractable polyphenols, water- and oil-holding capacities and anti-radical efficiency, were evaluated. MDF showed low lipid and high starch contents and balanced SDF/IDF levels, which is important for the functionality of fibre in the human diet. MDF exhibited adequate water-holding capacity, similar to other fruit fibres, but had a low oil-holding capacity. Bakery products prepared with MDF conserved the balance of SDF and IDF and most of its anti-radical efficiency. In vitro starch digestibility tests of MDF bakery products indicated a low predicted glycemic index. MDF might be an alternative for development of products with balanced DF components and low glycemic response, aimed to people with special carbohydrate/energy requirements.     

Modified Dietary Fiber from Cassava Pulp and Assessment of Mercury Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Uptake Using an In Vitro Digestion/Caco‐2 Model System

The ability of modified dietary fiber (MDF) generated from cassava pulp to modulate the bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of heavy metals may be helpful to mitigate health risk associated with select foods including select fish high in methyl mercury. Using a coupled in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 human intestinal cell model, the reduction of fish mercury bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake by MDF was investiaged. MDF was prepared from cassava pulp, a byproduct of tapioca production. The highest yield (79.68%) of MDF was obtained by enzymatic digestion with 0.1% α‐amylase (w/v), 0.1% amyloglucosidase (v/v) and 1% neutrase (v/v). MDF and fish tissue were subjected to in vitro digestion and results suggest that MDF may reduce mercury bioaccessibility from fish to 34% to 85% compared to control in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, accumulation of mercury from digesta containing fish and MDF was only modestly impacted by the presence of MDF. In conclusion, MDF prepared from cassava pulp may be useful as an ingredient to reduce mercury bioavailability from food such as fish specifically by inhibiting mercury transfer to the bioaccessibile fraction during digestion.     

The effect of Na+ montmorillonite (NaMMT) nanoclay on thermal properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF)

In this study, the potential use of nanotechnology was evaluated to improve the thermal properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF). For this, Na⁺ montmorillonite (NaMMT) nanoclay was added to urea formaldehyde resin to produce MDF. In order to characterize the structure of the MDF, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM observation were performed, and the thermal properties were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal conductivity test and fire test. Characterization of the MDFs shows that dispersed and exfoliated structures were generated by the hot press. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the suitable exfoliation of NaMMT in the MDFs containing NaMMT. The SEM images of NaMMT-added boards showed a suitable dispersion of NaMMT through the MDF. The results of thermal tests indicated a desirable effect of NaMMT on thermal-oxidative stability and thermal conductivity of MDF.     

Über die Eignung von thermo-mechanischem (TMP) und chemo-thermomechanischem (CTMP) Holzstoff aus Buchen- und Kiefernholz für die Herstellung von mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF)

Medium density fibreboards (MDF) were made from thermomechanical (TMP) and chemo-thermo-mechanical pulps (CTMP) derived from pine wood. As a binder a melamine reinforced urea formaldehyde resin (UF-resin) and diisocyanate polymers (PMDI) were applied. The mechanical-technical properties of the boards as well as some of their chemical properties were evaluated. The results of the investigation led to the following conclusions: MDF from CTMP showed in general higher mechanical properties (bending strength) compared to MDF from TMP. Moreover, the formaldehyde release of the CTMP-boards was lower. This may be due to the formaldehyde scavenging properties of the used pulping chemicals during the process of CTMP. MDF from CTMP showed much higher release of acetic acid compared to MDF from TMP. This is likely to higher deacetylation of the wood substance during CTMP process compared to the TMP technique.     

紫茎泽兰制造中密度纤维板的研究

在对紫茎泽兰化学组成、纤维形态和表面自由能研究的基础上,对紫茎泽兰中密度纤维板的生产工艺参数和物理力学性能及其影响因素的研究表明,实验条件下制造的紫茎泽兰中密度纤维板,经适当调节工艺条件,其MOR、MOE和IB3项性能指标均能达到国家标准室内型中密度纤维板的要求。