硝化法制备对氨基间硝基苯磺酸的研究

以对氨基苯磺酸为起始原料 ,经过乙酰化、硝化、水解三步来制备标题物。通过正交试验找出了酰化的最佳反应条件为 :对氨基苯磺酸与乙酐的摩尔比为 1∶1.0 5 ,反应总时间为 1.5h ,反应温度为 2 5℃ ,酰化介质为酰化反应前用碳酸钠及水将对氨基苯磺酸完全溶解 ,使混合液 pH值为 5～ 6 ,反应过程中不再补加碳酸钠 ,其酰化转化率可达 99.6 % ,酰化产物的固体收率可达 96 .0 % ;硝化反应的最佳条件为 :硝化剂用 90 .2 %的硝酸 ,对乙酰氨基苯磺酸与硝化剂的摩尔比为 1∶1.0 5 ,反应温度为 10℃ ,浓硫酸与对乙酰氨基苯磺酸的摩尔比为 8.3∶1,其硝化转化率可达 96 .0 % ,硝化反应的选择性好 ,对氨基邻硝基苯磺酸的量不到 1.0 %。     

对氨基苯磺酸催化合成阿司匹林

以水杨酸与乙酸酐为反应原料,采用对氨基苯磺酸为催化剂,合成了阿司匹林,分别讨论了反应原料摩尔比、催化剂对氨基苯磺酸的用量、反应时间和反应体系的温度对产物阿斯匹林收率的影响。结果表明：当水杨酸与乙酸酐摩尔比为1：3．5,催化剂对氨基苯磺酸用量为0．4g,反应时间为6min,反应温度为80—85℃时,阿斯匹林的收率可达到62．33％。     

2-(4-羟基苯基)六氟异丙醇的合成

以2-(4-氨基苯基)六氟异丙醇(Ⅰ)为原料,经重氮化、水解制得2-(4-羟基苯基)六氟异丙醇(Ⅱ),产物结构经EA、IR、1HNMR和MS确认;同时,对影响反应的主要因素进行了系统考察。结果表明,在重氮化反应温度为-2～2℃、w(H2SO4)=w(NaNO2)=30%、n(H2SO4)∶n(NaNO2)∶n(Ⅰ)=4.1∶1.1∶1.0及水解反应温度110℃、w(H2SO4)=50%、n(H2SO4)/n(Ⅰ)=11.0、水解时间2 h的优化条件下,目标物的平均收率高达91%。     

用Mn2O3氧化法合成对羰基苯磺酸

研究了以Mn2O3为氧化剂，在硫酸介质中氧化对甲基苯磺酸合成对羰基苯磺酸的工艺条件，最适宜的条件是：反应温度高于95℃，c(H2SO4)：8．0mol／L，Mn2O3的加入量为理论量的110％。Mn2O3是在650℃下灼烧MnO2得到。     

2-(4-羟基苯基)六氟异丙醇的合成与结构表征

以2-(4-氨基苯基)六氟异丙醇（1）为原料,经重氮、水解制得2-(4-羟基苯基)六氟异丙醇（2）,产物结构经EA、IR、1H NMR和MS确认;同时,对影响反应的主要因素进行了系统考察。结果表明,在重氮化温度为-2~2 ℃、w(H2SO4)=w(NaNO2)=30%、n(H2SO4) : n(NaNO2) : n(1)= 4.1 : 1.1 : 1.0,水解时w(H2SO4)=50%、n(H2SO4)) : n(1) = 11.0 : 1.0、110℃水解2 h的优化条件下,目标物的平均收率高达91%。     

氨基磺酸系高效水煤浆添加剂合成与性能研究

为提高水煤浆添加剂的分散性,降低加入比例,针对神府煤表面性质和结构特点,以对氨基苯磺酸钠、苯酚、甲醛为主要原料进行了三元共缩聚反应研究,探讨了不同合成条件对产物成浆性能的影响,成功合成氨基磺酸系高效水煤浆添加剂。结果表明,最佳合成条件为苯酚、对氨基苯磺酸钠摩尔比为1.8∶1,甲醛、对氨基苯磺酸钠+苯酚摩尔比为1.4∶1,反应体系p H值为9,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为5 h,添加剂加入比例为0.15%时,即可制得浓度为64%的神府煤气化水煤浆。     

对甲基苯磺酸催化合成水杨酸乙酯

以对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂，水杨酸和乙醇为原料合成水杨酸乙酯。并考察了酸醇比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对酯化转化率的影响。结果表明，在水杨酸用量为0．003mol的情况下，用对甲基苯磺酸作催化剂，催化剂用量为12％，水杨酸与乙醇的摩尔比为1：2，反应时间为5h，反应温度为95℃是最适宜的反应条件，酯化转化率为52．6％。     

对羟基苯甲醚的合成研究

目的研究了对羟基苯甲醚的合成。方法设计了对羟基苯甲醚的合成路线。以对氨基苯甲醚为起始原料，经重氮化、水解两步合成得到了目的物。通过工艺条件的优化，得到了最佳工艺条件，即对氨基苯甲醚（mol）：硫酸（mol）为1：2．0，重氮化温度为-5℃，水解温度为60℃。结果以对氨基苯甲醚计算两步总收率为71．2％，目标化合物结构经IR、MS确证。结论该合成工艺与文献工艺相比，具有原料价廉易得，反应条件温和，操作简便，收率较高等优点。     

水合硫酸铝催化合成尼泊金丁酯

研究了以Al2(SO4)3.18H2O为催化剂，由既作反应物又作溶剂的丁醇和对羟基苯甲酸为原料合成尼泊金丁酯，讨论了催化酯化的各种影响因素，并对产品进行了分析鉴定。实验表明，与H2SO4催化剂相比，反应时间短，产率高，工艺简单，不腐蚀设备，可重复使用，在醇，酸摩尔比为5：1，催化剂与酸摩尔比为0．064：1，反应时间3h的条件下，粗酯收率可达95．6％，提纯后酯含量＞99％。     

对羰基苯磺酸

对羰基苯磺酸(1)是一种重要的精细化学品中间体，在医药、农药、染料等方面有重要的应用价值。合成工艺：以Mn2O3为氧化剂，在硫酸介质中氧化对甲基苯磺酸合成(1)。确定的最佳反应条件为：反应温度高于95℃，c(H2SO3)=8．0mol／L，Mn2O3     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

热盐酸缓蚀抑雾剂

在实验室合成的一种咪唑啉类化合物与其它物质复配得到了一种适合于碳钢在高温盐酸中酸洗浸蚀的复合缓蚀抑雾剂。采用失重法和中和滴定法对其性能进行评定 ,实验结果表明 :该缓蚀抑雾剂在 2 0 %盐酸中 ,酸洗温度在常温至 85℃范围内缓蚀率达 90 %左右 ,抑雾率达 85%左右 ,并具有较好的综合性能