浮选煤泥制备水煤浆技术研究及工业应用

为实现煤泥资源的清洁高效利用，开展了浮选煤泥制备水煤浆的技术研究和工业化应用。以浮选煤泥为原料，采用分级研磨制浆工艺，将细磨机超细研磨制备的细浆加入到原棒磨机系统内进行煤浆提浓。据此设计了1套包括原料煤泥装车系统、汽车运输、煤泥储存及粗浆制备系统、细浆制备系统和细浆返回棒磨机提浓系统的工艺流程。工业试验运行结果表明：在添加剂用量相同的条件下，增加浮选煤泥制浆系统后，煤浆质量分数提高了3.12个百分点，表观黏度增大了235 mPa·s，析水率减少了0.8个百分点，煤浆的流动性和稳定性得到了明显改善。     

低阶煤制备高浓度水煤浆技术现状及发展趋势

为提高低阶煤制备水煤浆浓度,实现低阶煤的高效合理利用,介绍了低阶煤制备高浓度水煤浆技术研究进展,对水煤浆制备工艺从单磨机制备工艺到分级研磨连续级配制浆工艺及间断粒度级配制浆工艺的研发历程、工艺特点、提浓效果、应用现状等进行分析,最后论述了水煤浆制备及应用存在问题及未来发展方向。与常规单磨机制浆工艺相比,分级研磨制浆工艺的水煤浆浓度提高3%左右,而间断级配制浆工艺的水煤浆浓度提高6%～8%,因此,间断级配制浆工艺是低阶煤制备高浓度水煤浆的首选技术。未来水煤浆制备工艺应进一步创新、拓展制浆原料,如低阶煤和低挥发分煤、工业废水、污泥、工业残渣等作为制浆原料;推动水煤浆燃烧应用向工业园区和热电联产方向发展,实现煤炭高效、节能、环保利用。     

水煤浆制备工艺现状及发展趋势

制备工艺是决定水煤浆浆体性能的重要因素，影响其储运和使用。综述了近年来水煤浆制备工艺的最新研究进展，包括不同种类水煤浆的制备工艺及制备环节中药剂制度、粒度级配方式的使用，按制浆原料的不同将水煤浆分为传统水煤浆和环保水煤浆，其中传统水煤浆是指制浆原料以煤基成分为主，如精煤水煤浆、低阶煤水煤浆和煤泥水煤浆，环保水煤浆则是在制浆原料上掺配了如生物质、工业废液和固体废弃物等，既可充分利用废弃物热值，又能降低处置成本，是资源化综合利用废弃物的新途径。分析对比了常规锅炉、循环流化床锅炉以及气化炉等应用场景对水煤浆的性能要求，其中常规锅炉要求水煤浆的黏度低、粒度细，制备工艺上通常采用单段磨矿工艺，循环流化床锅炉因其独特的悬浮流化燃烧方式，对水煤浆粒度和黏度的要求不高，可通过不排渣的运行方式，减少大密度床料的消耗，提高对制浆原煤的灰分含量以及灰熔融温度的包容性，气化对水煤浆的性能要求比燃烧更高，其中气化炉要求水煤浆的浆体浓度高、反应活性好，且为保证较好的雾化效果，气化水煤浆要求水煤浆颗粒的细粒度、低浆体黏度；对水煤浆制备技术的发展趋势进行了展望，提出探索低阶煤改性提质方法、超细颗粒对浆体特性的影响、拓...     

酶解木质素―磺化丙酮―甲醛缩聚物的合成与应用

以酶解木质素、亚硫酸氢钠、偏重亚硫酸氢钠、丙酮和甲醛为原料制备酶解木质素―磺化丙酮―甲醛缩聚物(E-LSAF),并作为水煤浆制备中的添加剂。通过测定E-LSAF的红外光谱、吸附量和ζ-电位的,探讨了添加E-LSAF对水煤浆体系的影响,并对比了E-LSAF、碱木质素―磺化丙酮―甲醛缩聚物(A-LSAF)和工业木素磺酸钠作为水煤浆添加剂对水煤浆分散稳定性的影响。E-LSAF作为添加剂应用于水煤浆的制备中,既可以有效地利用酶解木质素,又可降低水煤浆制备的成本,提高水煤浆的分散稳定性能。     

以水煤浆气化炉制备甲醇原料气的工程设计介绍

自1993年我国引进的第一套德士古水煤浆加压气化装置投运以来,仅用十几年的时间,以德士古水煤浆气化炉制备甲醇原料气生产甲醇的大型装置相继投入试运行。由于对德士古水煤浆加压气化技术成功的消化、吸收和发展,积累了大量的经验,也使得上述装置显示出良好的运行态势。为了总结经验,充分发挥技术优势,现将以德士古水煤浆气化炉制备甲醇原料气装置技术介绍如下。     

德士古气化炉黑水管线改造

兖矿国宏化工有限责任公司500 kt/a甲醇项目原料气采用水煤浆加压气化制备。由于气化系统黑水管线经常被磨穿,严重影响了系统的长周期稳定运行。     

制备高质量水煤浆的影响因素及操作控制

目前我国许多煤化工项目采用水煤浆加压气化工艺,而制备高质量的水煤浆是水煤浆加压气化工艺技术应用的关键。简介水煤浆加压气化工艺之煤浆制备流程及对水煤浆品质的要求,分析水煤浆制备质量的主要影响因素,并结合某厂GE水煤浆加压气化装置煤浆制备的生产实际,分析与探讨制备高质量水煤浆所需把控的原料煤煤质、煤浆添加剂配制及其添加量、磨煤机内钢棒级配、磨煤机进煤量与进水量调整等关键操控点,以便为业内提供一些参考与借鉴。     

供热锅炉用煤泥水煤浆制备技术在门克庆煤矿的应用

介绍了门克庆煤矿工业锅炉供热存在的问题,阐述了煤泥水煤浆制备的工艺流程、设备及技术特点,并分别从技术、经济方面与外购水煤浆进行了比较;门克庆煤矿采用选煤厂煤泥制备的水煤浆完全可以满足水煤浆锅炉对燃料的技术要求,锅炉热效能达到了节能指标;用煤泥作水煤浆原料,不仅提高了煤泥的利用价值,而且有效降低了水煤浆的成本,提高了企业的经济和环境效益。     

棉秸秆—水煤浆制备工艺的研究

分析了棉桔杆、水煤浆原料成分及煤炭的粒度分布情况,介绍了煤粉、水、棉秸秆粉、添加剂用量及棉秸秆—水煤浆制备试验流程,对浆体的测定结果表明,添加棉桔杆后,可以提高水煤浆的pH值和水煤浆的反应活性;分析认为,由于棉秸秆中大量纤维物质为网状结构,加入水煤浆中,降低了水煤浆的浓度和流动性,减缓了颗粒沉降,提了水煤浆的粘度和稳定性。     

靖边能源化工综合利用启动项目的废水制浆工艺改造

概述了靖边能源化工综合利用启动项目的水煤浆制备系统及废水处理情况,介绍了利用废水制水煤浆的试验及现场工艺改造过程。试验证明,随着DMTO/MTBE废碱液及DMTO含甲醇废水添加比例的增大,水煤浆的黏度有一定程度升高,但不影响水煤浆的使用性能,且对水煤浆浓度和稳定性无明显的影响。根据试验结果,对水煤浆制备系统进行了工艺和安全方面的改造,实际运行结果证明,DMTO/MTBE废碱液及DMTO含甲醇废水可以用于水煤浆制备。     

Electrolytes: From a Thorn Comes a Rose,and from a Rose,a Thorn

In this article we take a stroll through the metaphorical rose garden, part of the flower garden, that is electrochemical storage systems. We take a closer look at batteries as the center‐pieces – the roses – and especially at the system component of batteries, the electrolyte and its development, throughout history. Just as a rose can only develop its unique beauty when taken good care of and provided with clean water and suitable nutrients, a battery cell cannot function without its electrolyte; the seemingly trivial component that has to juggle a multitude of requirements in order to make batteries truly bloom.     

Extraction into a flow of a fluid with a velocity gradient

Unsteady extraction from a system of semi-infinite capillaries to the flow of a fluid with a linear velocity gradient is studied. An assumption that the diffusion in the flow is a quasi-steady-state process is taken to obtain a linear equation for the local mass flux from the pore space, which involves fractional derivatives with respect to time and flow coordinate. Limiting solutions for the total diffusion flux at small and large times that cover the entire time interval are found.     

Mesomorphic transitions in a mixture of a flexible and a semi-rigid polymer

Phase studies on a mixture of two polymers are presented, one of which is mesomorphic. We have systematically examined the influence of the molecular weight of the flexible polymer (including the oligomers) and of the semi-flexible polymer. In addition to the effect of the molecular weight, specific interactions are important for compatibility and formation of a homogeneous mesomorphic phase. The nature of this phase is demonstrated to be cholesteric and the pitch is determined.     

Propagation of a burning front over a condensed material from a focus

Measured propagation speeds are given for the combustion front in a blind gap in a condensed substance, which are related to gap height and mean pressure. The front may propagate monotonically, which is characteristic of relatively high pressures and wide gaps, or as a result of additional burning foci arising at a certain distance from the main front. At low pressures and particularly with small gap heights, the front propagates in an unstable fashion over the surface.Moscow. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 49–53, July–August, 1992.     

When is a Beam a Plate?

Formulas associated with simple beam or plate theories are used extensively in structural design, to determine You's modulus, and to determine fracture strength of brittle nonmetallic materials. The question may arise as to whether the proper ratio of beam-width-to-beam-depth is such that the bent structural element can be considered as a beam and, if not, what is the correction factor that should be used with the simple beam formula. These questions are answered for a range of structural metallic and brittle nonmetallic materials.     

Detonation of a Column of a Chemically Active Bubbly Medium in a Liquid

The problem of a detonation wave propagating in a cylindrical column of a chemically active bubbly medium screened by a liquid from the tube walls is formulated and numerically solved within the framework of the Iordanskii–Kogarko two-phase model with allowance for energy dissipation due to acoustic radiation of bubbles. The wave structure of the reaction zone and the detonation velocity of the bubbly medium column are calculated. It is found that the self-sustaining wave can propagate with a velocity greater than the velocity of one-dimensional bubble detonation by a factor of 1.5–2.5.     

Growth of a Bonelike Apatite Layer on a Substrate by a Biomimetic Process

A dense and uniform bonelike apatite layer was formed on a substrate by the following biomimetic method. The substrate was first placed on granular particles of CaO, SiO₂-based glass soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma and then soaked in another fluid highly supersaturated with respect to the apatite. The thickness of the apatite layer increased in proportion to the soaking time in the second solution. The rate of increase in the thickness of the apatite layer increased from 0.5 to 7.0 μm/day with increasing temperature of the second solution from 10° to 60°C, increased from 0.15 to 1.7 μm/day with increasing ion concentrations of the second solution from 0.2 to 1.5 times those of the SBF, and doubled by shaking the second solution. These results indicate that the growth of the apatite layer is controlled by mass transport across the interface between the crystal and the fluid.