A model management systems approach to manufacturing systems design

Manufacturing systems design involves the solution of a complex series of interrelated problems. This complexity will increase in the future as manufacturing practices change to meet increased global competition. Research within manufacturing systems design has mainly been focused on finding improved models for solving particular problems, or extending existing modeling techniques. This has resulted in numerous modeling tools being available to support manufacturing systems design. However, little research work has been carried out into consolidating the existing theories and models. As a result, a large body of this work has not been applied in industry.Model management has evolved as a research area which investigates methods for storing, modifying, and manipulating models. This article describes a prototype model management system for manufacturing systems design. The objective here is not to develop another decision support system for manufacturing design, but to illustrate, through the development of a prototype system, a number of key ideas of how concepts from the area of model management systems can be used to support manufacturing systems design. The prototype model management system utilizes the structured modeling framework and uses an extended version of the structured modeling language. An important aspect of the prototype model management system is the incorporation of the model development task, thus allowing the system to be easily updated and adapted. The prototype system was evaluated using a range of queueing network models for manufacturing systems design.     

可视化工艺规划

虽然CAPP的研究已经进行了多年,但它仍然是产品设计/制造自动化的一个瓶颈。本文首先分析了CAPP系统的某些缺陷,提出了解决这些问题的关键在于人机协同,而可视化是人机协同工作的重要基础,进而探讨了可视化工艺规则的概念和原理,给出了可视化CAPP原型系统的系统结构,并阐述其关键技术。     

虚拟制造系统的体系结构及其关键技术

论述了有关虚拟制造的基本概念及其与一些相关概念之间的关系、虚拟制造体系结构的研究现状及我们的策略，分析了虚拟制造研究的关键技术。     

A resource-based modelling approach to support responsive manufacturing systems

The manufacturing industry faces the challenge of responding quickly to the ever-changing requirements of customers. A key factor in these highly competitive environments is an ability for companies to master key production system dynamics such as change in the product types and variants and production quantities that they make, with high quality, low cost, and fast delivery. A novel approach to modelling manufacturing systems is introduced which is based on the provision of means for explicitly representing and computer executing dynamic producer units (DPUs). DPUs are defined as re-usable, change capable components of a manufacturing enterprise and have been described in the present authors’ previous publications. DPU concepts were conceived to support (1) the design of change capable manufacturing systems that can realise families of similar products in varying quantities and mixes and (2) the re-configuration of manufacturing systems in cases of withdrawal of a product family and introduction of a new one. To achieve this, a generic manufacturing system model is required to facilitate the systematic and timely alteration of production system designs and production plans. DPU modelling concepts facilitate these alterations through explicitly specifying the need for change capabilities so that rapid and cost-effective changeover responses can be made when production requirements change. This paper presents how DPU modelling concepts can be applied with reference to an industrial case study and describes a change decision-making framework in the form of a taxonomy and enabling tools.     

Incorporating CIM optimization in manufacturing management strategy

The objective of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) or the development of advanced manufacturing systems for a small to medium size company may not be total automation, but rather running a profitable business through improved product quality, improved design, reduction of inventory, shorter lead times and quick response to changes in the market demand. The implementation of the full range of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMT) available to manufacturing industry would be expensive, risky and impractical. Management must find a way to make the transition from the current environment to one that includes several or all of the technologies of the factory of the future. The installation of new manufacturing systems or the modification of existing systems is a capital intensive operation that has been significantly influenced by computer control. As the complexity of the systems increases, so does the critical nature of cost effective alternative selection. In view of this intricately complex nature of most business systems, it has become increasingly difficult to evaluate new management concepts or system designs. Direct experimentation poses almost insurmountable problems due to disruptions, uncontrolled results, length of time required, and possibility of costly mistakes. Recognizing potential benefits and liabilities and measuring their significance is inherent to the usefulness of any CIM planning and implementation study. This paper describes progressive work carried out in constructing a strategy-based quantitative technique, which aims not only to formulate a strategy for CIM optimization (incorporating elements of a financial justification for the investment), but also identifies means of monitoring investment performance against strategy. The operational realization of such a strategy is discussed and illustrative examples are also presented.     

Reverse simulation for collaborative commerce: A study of integrating object-oriented database technology with object-oriented simulator

Collaborative commerce has been used for communication, design, planning, information sharing, and information discovery in business-to-business (B2B) applications. The collaboration between buyers and sellers enhances product quality and customer satisfaction. However, most effort currently focuses on information sharing with customers and suppliers instead of joint product development or manufacturing. Moreover, traditional analytical methods have limited capability in solving problems. This study presents a framework for doing reverse simulation, where designers can reuse past experiments and change system parameters in manufacturing system for collaborative commerce. The framework integrates the object-oriented simulator and the object-oriented database. In this framework, the object-oriented database records the whole experiment scenarios and allows multiple planners with different expertise to involve concurrently and collaboratively. Then, simulations of advanced planning and scheduling in a product manufacturing environment that involves several planners working collaboratively are used for demonstration.     

Expert simulation for online production control

Online production control is dependent on manufacturing strategy and influenced by production organization, manufacturing technology and information management. The paper analyses the fundamentals of an online production control system: control objectives, criteria for identifying potential problems in the forthcoming production period, in particular bottlenecks, and decision-making procedures. It proposes a framework for developing the decision support environment above a simulation software system in the creation of an online production control system. As a case study, an online production control system of a machine shop, based on PCM odel simulation software and TURBO-PROLOG, i s presented.     

An integrated control framework for flexible manufacturing systems

This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of an integrated control framework that provides a real-time supervisory control model with limited look-ahead capability for flexible manufacturing systems. Control goals and policies are modeled and characterized by a fuzzy rule base, which is integrated with the control model. The framework consists of a finite state machine generator and a controller. The generator model is equipped with an output function and output sets. The controller model has a four-stage decision-making structure. The controller monitors performance measures of the manufacturing system and reacts according to the changes in the system states in order to keep the performance measures at desired levels. The integrated framework has been implemented on a software platform in order to validate its effectiveness. The performance of the framework has been tested on a hypothetical flexible manufacturing system using a simulation .     

敏捷制造中的使能信息服务研究

在剧烈变化的世界市场条件下,制造企业需要改变制策略来把握和创造机遇。敏捷制造为２１世纪制造企业战略,就是针对当前世界市场动态多变的特性提出的,并得到了广泛的关注。     

半导体制造重调度研究

以半导体制造重调度为研究对象，构建了半导体制造重调度体系结构，在此体系结构下，分析了引发半导体制造重调度的因素，提出了相应的重调度策略（何时引发重调度以及引发何种重调度），进一步探讨了重调度方法中的全局修正式重调度方法，给出了基于群体智能的半导体制造重调度模型，建立了用于重调度性能评价的短期性能指标体系。     

自适应制造资源动态服务组合与优化框架

针对制造资源服务组合面临的不确定性因素干扰和服务质量保障的特殊需求,面向制造领域引入了CPS使能技术及其理念,构建了面向制造的信息物理融合系统(CPS)体系架构;在此架构下,建立了制造资源的感知模型和认知模型,以把握制造资源的即时服务能力;基于对制造资源的即时服务能力的动态把握,建立了具有自适应能力的制造资源动态服务组合滚动优化框架。最后,利用面向制造的CPS原型系统验证了该框架的可用性。     

网络化制造集成平台集中式身份认证策略研究

针对网络化制造集成平台身份认证所面临的问题,提出了一种网络化制造集成平台的集中式身份认证策略。在该策略中,身份认证中心服务器接管各应用系统的认证模块,主要有用户管理、帐号映射管理、身份认证服务和系统管理等功能;采用了基于浏览器／服务器的4层web服务体系结构,构建了其技术实现体系,并对其中的单点登录和注销的实现、信息传输的安全性,以及身份认证服务的性能等问题进行了分析。最后,结合该身份认证策略在网络化制造集成平台中的应用,对其运行效率进行了分析。     

绿色制造的内涵、技术体系和发展趋势

绿色制造是一个综合考虑环境影响和资源消耗的现代制造模式,其目标是使得产品从设计、制造、包装、运输、使用到报废处理的整个生命周期中,对环境负面影响极小,资源利用率极高,并使企业经济效益和社会效益协调优化。本文在总结国内外现有研究状况的基础上,论述了绿色制造的广义内涵;建立了绿色制造的技术体系框架;然后从绿色制造的全球化特征、社会化支撑系统、绿色制造涉及的系统技术和集成技术、绿色并行工程模式、人工智能和智能制造技术在绿色制造中的作用、绿色制造导致的新兴产业6个方面论述了绿色制造研究的发展趋势。     

离散制造企业EAI架构

通过对IT系统在离散制造企业中应用情况的分析，构建了离散制造企业信息集成系统模型，以此为基础规划了一种企业应用集成（EAI）架构。该架构应用XML Schema为离散制造企业建立了一种信息元数据描述模型，以保证信息集成系统中数据的唯一性、一致性和准确性；通过引入扩展的高级事务模型并结合消息机制解决了企业长制造周期与业务过程管理的矛盾，提高了企业业务处理的速度和可靠性。以一个实例描述了该架构的实现过程。     

Digital manufacturing—the development direction of the manufacturing technology in the 21st century

After introducing the concepts of digital manufacturing technology, the discipline framework of digital manufacturing is presented in the paper by discussing its basic concept, theory foundation, key technology and scientific problems in detail. As the core of the advanced manufacturing technology, digital manufacturing is gradually becoming the main manufacturing technology of the twenty-first century. Firstly, the main features of digital manufacturing are indicated and its key supporting technologies are investigated by grouping them into four levels related to product development, numerical control, production management, and enterprise collaboration, respectively. Moreover, the existing problems in the research on the multi-discipline theory foundation of digital manufacturing such as manufacturing informatics, computational manufacturing, and manufacturing intelligence, are also indicated. Then, the core scientific problems of digital manufacturing are discussed in depth, which focuses on digitization of manufacturing information, modeling of manufacturing constraints, high-speed and high-precision numerical control theory, and Internet-based collaboration and integration. Lastly, the development trends and application perspectives of digital manufacturing are concluded.     

可重入制造系统的协同控制机制

通过剖析可重入制造系统控制的需求,提出双反馈控制的协同控制策略。为使复杂制造系统的控制问题降阶,提出包括系统层协调机制、设备组/设备协调机制以及重调度协调机制的分层协同控制机制。基于混合控制原理,提出基于Multi-agent的中心协调与局部协调相结合的自治控制系统体系结构,以满足可重入制造系统非线性动态控制的需求,该体系结构具有分布性、智能性、健壮性、开放性和实时性等特点。为了实现所提出的可重入制造系统协同控制系统的体系结构,建立了基于HLA/CORBA的多层软件体系结构,该体系结构由基础层、分布对象层、Agent层、应用层等四层组成。试验表明,所提出的分层协同控制机制进行半导体生产系统的调度时,在晶圆日产出量和设备组利用率方面要优于设备组动态调度和企业中使用的启发式规则调度方法。     

网络化制造与系统集成的标准研究

为了支持网络化制造与系统集成的相关标准的研究,在描述网络化制造与系统集成概念的基础上,建立了网络化制造与系统集成的总体构架。从技术实现角度分析了总体构架中各层的主要内容。建立了网络化制造与系统集成标准体系框架,并对标准体系框架中的各类标准进行了阐述。最后,在描述支持网络化制造与系统集成标准的研究重点的基础上,提出了网络化制造与系统集成标准体系的发展策略以及具体的技术措施。     

Digital manufacturing-the development direction of the manufacturing technology in the 21st century

After introducing the concepts of digital manufacturing technology, the discipline framework of digital manufacturing is presented in the paper by discussing its basic concept, theory foundation, key technology and scientific problems in detail. As the core of the advanced manufacturing technology, digital manufacturing is gradually becoming the main manufacturing technology of the twenty-first century. Firstly, the main features of digital manufacturing are indicated and its key supporting technologies are investigated by grouping them into four levels related to product development, numerical control, production management, and enterprise collaboration, respectively. Moreover, the existing problems in the research on the multi-discipline theory foundation of digital manufacturing such as manufacturing informatics, computational manufacturing, and manufacturing intelligence, are also indicated. Then, the core scientific problems of digital manufacturing are discussed in depth, which focuses on digitization of manufacturing information, modeling of manufacturing constraints, high-speed and high-precision numerical control theory, and Internet-based collaboration and integration. Lastly, the development trends and application perspectives of digital manufacturing are concluded. __________ Translated from Digital Manufacturing Science, 2003, 1(1–4) (in Chinese)     

知识化制造单元的动态任务控制策略

针对知识化制造系统中的任务控制问题,提出状态跃迁系统的概念,并以此来分析带故障并具有不确定因素的知识化制造单元。提出了对随机事件概率分布参数进行自学习的方法,把知识化制造单元中的不确定因素纳入任务控制的数学模型。结合一致化技术和随机动态规划的方法,得到了知识化制造单元的最优任务控制策略。仿真结果表明,在不同的初始状态下,目标函数均稳定在一定范围内,说明所提出的控制策略是可行的。此外,将该控制策略与随机控制原则和最大值控制原则两种方法进行比较,在该控制策略下的目标函数明显低于用另外两种方法得到的目标函数,说明此控制策略是有效的。