玄武岩纤维特征参数对混凝土单轴受拉性能的影响

考虑玄武岩纤维体积分数和长径比两个主要因素,通过直接拉伸试验,研究玄武岩纤维对混凝土轴心受拉破坏形态、应力-应变全曲线、受拉荷载变形性能和韧性的影响。结果表明：玄武岩纤维增强混凝土单轴受拉破坏呈明显的塑性特征,玄武岩纤维显著增强了混凝土在轴心受拉荷载作用下的韧性;与普通混凝土(NC)相比,随着玄武岩纤维增强因子的提高,轴心受拉应力-应变全曲线特征点和断裂能均呈先增大后减小的趋势;基于轴心受拉应力-应变全曲线分析,提出关于纤维体积分数和长径比的玄武岩纤维混凝土轴心受拉应力-应变本构模型,可供玄武岩纤维混凝土结构和构件的非线性分析和工程设计参考。对比分析拉压比、折压比和单轴拉伸破坏断裂能3种韧性指标,发现断裂能可以准确评价玄武岩纤维增强混凝土(BFRC)受拉韧性,BFRC韧性较NC最大提升率为43.0%。     

高强混凝土和密筋高强混凝土受拉应力─应变全曲线的试验研究

本文简要介绍了高强混凝土和密筋高强混凝土受拉应力─应变全曲线的试验研究,以及为此设计和制造的２套试验装置。文中给出实测全曲线,分散性小,证明装置是可用的;最后给出全曲线的理论方程,并与实测曲线进行对比,表明符合很好。     

高强混凝土和密筋高强混凝土受拉应力-应变全曲线的试验研究

本文简要介绍了高强混凝土和密筋高强混凝土受拉应力－应变全曲线的试验研究,以及为此设计和制造的2套试验装置。文中给出实测全曲线,分散性小,证明装置是可用的;最后给出全曲线的理论方程,并与实测曲线进行对比,表明符合很好。     

模拟混凝土滞回行为的各向异性损伤模型

该文引入相互独立的拉损伤、压损伤演化规律,分别描述受拉开裂和受压破碎导致的混凝土损伤行为,然后采用非线性卸载．线性重加载模拟滞回行为,建立了改进的各向异性损伤模型。该文还建议了模型关键参数的率定方法。应用该模型模拟混凝土受拉和拉一压往复加载试验,计算获得的应力-应变曲线与试验曲线具有良好的可比性,能够反映损伤导致的刚度...     

基于分段步进式弹塑性格构模型的混凝土破坏过程细观模拟

经典格构模型理论假设单元服从完全脆性的线弹性本构关系,忽略了砂浆基体的延性,导致预测的混凝土荷载-位移曲线延性不足。针对该问题,基于分段步进式方法描述砂浆单元弹塑性本构关系,通过序列线性理论模拟试件受荷损伤破坏过程及力学响应。基于混凝土单轴拉伸和压缩试验对模型进行了校验,发现该模拟方法可以精确模拟混凝土的开裂及荷载-位移曲线。同时,该模型可用于模拟混凝土受拉开裂的尺寸效应问题,以及受压破坏时受力端横向约束程度和试件长细比对开裂行为的影响,为研究混凝土的断裂行为提供了新的理论方法和途径。     

双侧压下混凝土静态受拉与受拉疲劳性能研究

进行了双向侧压作用下混凝土静态受拉与受拉疲劳试验。对静态受拉试验的极限抗拉强度、轴向拉伸应变和侧向压缩应变进行了比较分析,轴向拉伸应变因侧压的存在而快速增长,侧向压缩应变也因轴拉作用而增大,而极限抗拉强度则因侧压影响而降低;对受拉疲劳试验,则得到了S-N方程,应力应变曲线,应变、疲劳变形模量比与疲劳次数关系曲线,其特征表现为三阶段规律;并通过定义的对数线性变换把上述三阶段曲线转换为直线;反之,利用这种线性关系可以求得三阶段曲线关系。同时对静态受拉与受拉疲劳试验的相关物理量进行了比较分析,疲劳寿命和疲劳变形模量也因侧压的影响而有较大幅度的降低。     

高强高性能混凝土三轴拉压压力学性能试验研究

采用大型动静真三轴伺服液压试验系统,对单轴压强度为90.6 MPa的高强高性能混凝土进行三轴拉压压等比例试验研究,获得了各应力比下试件的破坏模式、多轴强度及应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明:高强高性能混凝土三轴拉压压应力状态下的破坏为典型的受拉破坏;最大主应力方向的极限强度远低于其单轴压强度,中间主应力效应不明显;拉应力的存在对最大主应力方向应力-应变曲线影响十分明显,呈现出明显的线性特征。基于试验结果提出了适用于高强高性能混凝土的强度准则,为高强高性能混凝土本构关系的建立提供了试验和理论依据。     

确定混凝土开裂与拉伸强度及双K断裂参数

该文考虑混凝土材料的非均质特性,发展了确定无尺寸效应的混凝土开裂强度与起裂韧度、拉伸强度与断裂韧度等材料参数的断裂理论与相应方法。基于三点弯曲、楔入劈拉、四点弯曲等不同类型混凝土试件的断裂试验,确定出对应的开裂强度与起裂韧度、拉伸强度与断裂韧度等材料参数,并与试验强度值及由双K断裂模型确定的双K断裂参数进行了比较,从而验证了所提模型与方法的合理性与适用性。基于确定的材料参数,分别建立了混凝土起裂与断裂破坏的全曲线,给出了确定无尺寸效应起裂韧度的混凝土试件最小理论尺寸。建立了起裂荷载与起裂韧度之间的解析公式,对三点弯曲、楔入劈拉、四点弯曲等不同类型混凝土试件的起裂荷载,以及不同混凝土的起裂韧度进行了成功预测。     

测定混凝土应变软化曲线的J积分法

本文提供用普通材料试验机对含有不同初始裂缝深度混凝土劈裂试件进行断裂试验的结果。试验得到了稳定的荷载位移全过程曲线。求得了断裂韧度JIC、δC、断裂能GF；并由J积分法推导出了混凝土材料的拉应变软化曲线。     

预应力空腹式钢骨混凝土梁受弯性能研究

通过5根无粘结预应力空腹式钢骨混凝土梁和1根非预应力空腹式钢骨混凝土梁的受弯试验,分析梁截面应变分布、变形、预应力筋内力增量发展及裂缝分布规律。结果表明:在其它参数条件相同的情形下,对空腹式钢骨混凝土梁施加预应力,可显著提高梁的抗裂承载力;以受拉区混凝土开裂和受拉钢骨下边缘屈服为转折点,试验梁的荷载-变形曲线呈三直线特征;破坏形态与非预应力空腹式钢骨混凝土梁相比裂缝出现较迟,裂缝向上开展缓慢,主裂缝特征不明显;建立的无粘结预应力空腹式钢骨混凝土梁的抗裂承载力和极限承载力计算公式与试验结果吻合较好。     

New model for the indirect determination of the tensile stress–strain curve of concrete by means of the Brazilian test

On the basis of the results from an experimental campaign and using simple expressions, a model for the indirect determination of the tensile stress?Cstrain curve of concrete by means of a splitting tensile test (Brazilian test) is proposed. By testing complete specimens as well as specimens cut along the loading plane it was possible to determine the equivalent tensile strength component produced in the cylinder subjected to diametral compression. The model made it possible to reproduce adequately the behavior observed in tests carried out with both cylindrical and cubic specimens of materials such as concrete, mortar and rock. This model, if complemented with a more extensive experimental campaign, would provide an expression for the determination of the tensile stress?Cstrain curve of several concretes or quasi-fragile materials.     

用三维离散元实现混凝土Ⅰ型断裂模拟

为了进行从连续介质到非连续介质转化的数值模拟,实现结构破坏全过程的仿真分析,本文基于三维变形体离散元法,分别采用弥散的旋转裂缝模型和分离裂缝模型分析了混凝土、岩石等准脆性材料的受拉开裂行为。通过单轴拉伸算例和对比三点弯梁试验的数值计算与试验结果,说明在确定的断裂能情况下,两种断裂模型均能够合理预测结构的荷载位移响应;并且基于离散单元法的分离裂缝模型不仅可以获得裂缝开裂过程荷载位移全曲线,而且可以实现系统部分或完全失效溃决过程的仿真分析。     

适合于脆性材料受拉性能试验的试验机辅助吸能装置

为测定混凝土、石料等脆性材料的抗拉应力应变关系全过程曲线，作者在普通材料试验机上研制了一种采用薄壁金属套筒及球铰方式对中的受拉辅助吸能装置。通过对高强混凝土试件的实测表明，该装置能减少轴拉过程中偏心的影响，有效地吸收在试件破坏瞬间试验机所释放的弹性变形能，延缓试件的破坏过程，不失为一种解决问题的新途径。     

The nitrogen gas tension test. Part 2: failure mechanism

In this study, the mechanism of concrete failure in the nitrogen gas tension test was investigated through a series of experiments. First, the nitrogen gas tension test was carried out two types of specimens: solid cylinders and hollow cylinders. The test results clearly showed that there was no significant difference in the gas pressure at failure between the solid specimen and the hollow specimen. Since a tension crack occurring on the surface of the concrete specimen at a gas pressure almost equal to the tensile strength of the concrete might play a key role in understanding the failure mechanism, a failure criterion based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) was consequently developed. The nitrogen gas tension test was newly carried out on cylindrical specimens with circumferential notches of various depths. Though LEFM was found to be useful in developing an understanding of the mechanism of concrete failure, the experimental results indicated that it was not really valid for specimens with notch depths deeper than some critical size (critical notch depth). However, based on the experimental observation that the concrete specimen failed at its tensile strength at notch depths smaller than the critical notch depth, a modified LEFM based failure mechanism was proposed taking into account the notch sensitivity of the concrete.     

The influence of axial load and rate of loading on experimental post-elastic behaviour and ductility of reinforced concrete members

This research investigates the post-elastic behaviour of reinforced concrete members under combined bending and axial loads, considering different concrete strengths and types, reinforcing percentages (always symmetric), axial loads and loading rates. Sensible differences between experimental results, for usual and high test loading rates, and those obtained by ‘classical’ analysis are pointed out. One of the most interesting results shows that disagreement was reduced (to low quotas for not high axial loads) if we took into account certain phenomena neglected by theory (such as tensile strength of concrete, tension stiffening and the effect in reinforcement strength of transverse constraint caused by the presence of concrete) while structural ductility values appeared fairly probative, at least with the conventional collapse assumed. The strong decreases that ductility can undergo with increasing loading rate are also pointed out, indicating that it is therefore hazardous to utilize results obtained with usual test procedures in the seismic field. Work carried out at CESMACOS (Materials and Structures Experimentation Centre), Cagliari, directed by the author.     

Prediction of the size effect in concrete structures using an analytical approach to the weakest link and localization method (WL2)

This paper proposes a refined Weibull effective volume (WEV) approach in order to model the size effect in concrete structures. Both the Highly Stressed Volume (HSV) and Weibull Weakest Link and Localization (WL2) methods are presented. An analytical probabilistic approach to running WL2 is then developed, knowing that this method takes into account the energetic-statistical size effect. The approach employed recognizes the inelastic phase before the peak load; it provides an analytical and fast estimation of the structural tensile strength at various scales. This approach depends on a scale length, which accounts for the spatial randomness of the concrete tensile strength, and is identified on a series of concrete specimens under uniaxial tension by use of an inverse analysis. The Weibull modulus estimation is also discussed herein. Moreover, it is shown that the analytical probabilistic approach to WL2 implementation yields the size effect prediction in both average and dispersion for various experimental series, from laboratory tests to large massive structures. The experimental test series discussed in this paper consists of concrete specimens under uniaxial tension and 3-point bending loading.     

Modeling of tension stiffening in reinforced cement composites: Part II. Simulations versus experimental results

This is the second part of a two-part paper involving a numerical model for simulations of tensile behaviour of reinforced cement-based composites. The model simulates the tensile stress strain response of a brittle matrix composite, tension stiffening effect of cracked matrix, and crack spacing evolution in tension members. The paper presents the simulations of four independent experimental results obtained from literature: steel reinforced concrete, concrete reinforced with steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), alkali resistant (AR) glass textile reinforced concrete and AR glass fabric reinforced cement pastes. The first and third experiments had complete input information for the simulations, and the predicted responses compare quite well to the experimental results. The second and last experiments did not have complete input data but, the properties can be estimated from other sources or by means of back calculations. The predicted responses reasonably agreed with the experimental results.     

Modeling of tension stiffening in reinforced cement composites: Part I. Theoretical modeling

This is the second part of a two-part paper involving a numerical model for simulations of tensile behaviour of reinforced cement-based composites. The model simulates the tensile stress strain response of a brittle matrix composite, tension stiffening effect of cracked matrix, and crack spacing evolution in tension members. The paper presents the simulations of four independent experimental results obtained from literature: steel reinforced concrete, concrete reinforced with steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), alkali resistant (AR) glass textile reinforced concrete and AR glass fabric reinforced cement pastes. The first and third experiments had complete input information for the simulations, and the predicted responses compare quite well to the experimental results. The second and last experiments did not have complete input data but, the properties can be estimated from other sources or by means of back calculations. The predicted responses reasonably agreed with the experimental results.     

The Pickett effect at early age and experiment separating its mechanisms in tension

A new experimental approach that allows separation of the components of the Pickett effect due to surface microcracking and stress-induced shrinkage is developed and demonstrated for early age concrete subjected to tensile loads induced in restrained shrinkage tests. The experiment measures creep of three concree materials subjected to same loads, but under different environments: moist-cover, sealed, and drying conditions. The key features of the experiment are the suppression of shrinkage in the moist-cover test, and the uniform internal drying in the sealed test. The results confirm that the Pickett effect in tension has two sources: stress-induced shrinkage and microcracking. The new approach provides insght to creep, shrinkage, softening, and cracking behaviour under tensile load, and explains behavioral differences between plain and fiber reinforced concrete.     

应变率突增对混凝土动态拉伸破坏影响的细观模拟

实际工程中混凝土结构往往遭遇多次动态荷载作用或在承受一定初始损伤荷载基础上再承受不同应变率的动态荷载。建立了哑铃型混凝土三维细观数值模型,模拟不同名义应变率单独作用下混凝土材料的单轴动态拉伸破坏行为,又分别对混凝土单轴拉伸应力应变曲线上升段和软化段的应变率突增行为开展了细观模拟,初步分析了应变率突增行为对动态拉伸破坏强度特性及宏观应力应变曲线的影响。研究结果表明:在低应变率下混凝土拉伸应变率硬化效应相对较弱,而在高应变率下应变率硬化效应显著增强;在加载上升段应变率突增后加载获得的动态拉伸强度和峰值应变均得到了明显提高;在软化段应变率突增时,混凝土试件的“软化行为”转变为“硬化行为”,宏观应力-应变曲线会出现二次峰值;以初始应变率与突变应变率组合加载得到的动态拉伸强度均低于以突变应变率单独加载得到的拉伸强度,并且强度下降的百分比均随着应变率的增大而增大。