交互式电视的技术、业务与发展状况

交互式电视在未来的信息高速公路和家庭信息革命中将扮演十分重要的角色,它将对人们的生活、工作、交际、娱乐、购物等方面产生重要影响。随着交互式电视技术的日趋成熟,交互式电视市场已成为世界各大计算机公司和通讯公司竞争的热点和焦点。本文主要介绍交互式电视能提供的业务、系统组成、所采用的技术及存在的技术问题以及在世界范围内的发展状况。     

Multiple response optimization in a fully automated FAB: an integrated tool and vehicle dispatching strategy1

In today's tight, competitive, and volatile market in semiconductor manufacturing, a successful semiconductor manufacturer has to look into multiple performance indices such as cycle time and on-time delivery. Effective dispatching mechanism is a widely used strategy to achieve these performance indices simultaneously. In the past, dispatching studies in semiconductor manufacturing have primarily focused on the level of tool dispatching. This paper presents an integrated tool and vehicle (ITV) dispatching strategy to consider multiple performance measures in a fully automated fab environment. The ITV dispatching strategy was developed using a state-dependent methodology and multiple response optimization. In order to build a simulation-based automated fab, an integrated modeling approach was proposed to automate both the manufacturing process and the automated material handling system. A case study based on a local fab is described to examine the performance impact of the ITV dispatching rule measured by cycle time, work-in-process, on-time delivery, and lot delivery time. The results of the simulation experiments and analysis show that the ITV dispatching rule is superior to the use of a static dispatching rule, consisting of an average of 15% improvement for on-time delivery and 5% for other performance measures. Furthermore, the proposed modeling framework features high-fidelity, real-time operations and re-configuration, and it can be easily used in other applications.     

User interface evaluation of interactive TV: a media studies perspective

A diverse user population employs interactive TV (ITV) applications in a leisure context for entertainment purposes. The traditional user interface (UI) evaluation paradigm involving efficiency and task completion may not be adequate for the assessment of such applications. In this paper, we argue that unless ITV applications are evaluated with consideration for the ordinary TV viewer, they are going to be appropriate only for the computer literate user, thus excluding the TV audience from easy access to information society services. The field of media studies has accumulated an extensive theory of TV and associated methods. We applied the corresponding findings in the domain of ITV to examine how universal access to ITV applications can be obtained. By combining these results with emerging affective quality theories for interactive products, we propose a UI evaluation framework for ITV applications.     

User Interface Design Principles for Interactive Television Applications

Interactive Television (ITV) applications gratify entertainment needs and leisure activities in a relaxed domestic context. Then, the mentality of efficiency and task completion implied by many user interface heuristics may not be suitable for design and expert evaluation of ITV. In line with the contemporary movement towards the design of the user experience of computing systems, a set of design principles for ITV applications has been developed. Instead of information technology, the field of communication science was explored, which has accumulated an extensive theory of TV usage and viewer behavior. For the empirical validation, the principles were employed in the design of an interactive music TV application. The results suggest that a small set of generic principles could support the systematic design of ITV applications and produce a design rationale that is traceable and comparable to alternative solutions, during the process of early product development. In addition, the principles could be refined into specific guidelines and further employed to support expert evaluation techniques.     

From Interactive Television to Internet Applications

Early in 1993 Viacom and a major telephony carrier formed a joint venture to trial interactive television (ITV) in Castro Valley, California. During the fall of 1994, it was decided not to complete this trial. Both companies decided, given what had already been learned planning for the ITV trial and the emerging strength of the Internet and the World Wide Web, that it would be more effective to focus on CD-ROMs, proprietary on-line services, and the Internet, including the World Wide Web, where many of the interactive applications that had been planned for ITV could be actually implemented and made available to large numbers of users. This paper discusses the interactive systems, and economic environments along with major issues, intellectual property rights, and Viacom's current direction.     

OVERCOMING MOBILE DEVICE LIMITATIONS THROUGH ADAPTIVE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

The present study evaluates user preferences for personalized information access through mobile devices. The research focuses on text search operations in three simulated devices on a PC screen (cellular telephone, Personal Digital Assistant [PDA], and Interactive TV [ITV] as control) through continuous search. The adaptation process implemented explicit user feedback regarding the relevance of the retrieved information. The results show that users preferred the adaptive information access system to the non-adaptive one for all the devices (PDA, cellular phone, and ITV). Moreover, adaptation neutralizes the consistent preference for ITV (big screen, easy manipulation) upon other devices for textual information manipulation tasks.     

非Root权限下ITV Traceroute和抓包功能研究

 为了提高ITV用户侧的感知质量,在ITV发生故障时用户可以自主地进行一系列的诊断,包括Traceroute、抓包测试等,但是要实现Traceroute和抓包功能就必须获取机顶盒的Root权限,而厂家一般不会开放机顶盒的Root权限,正常情况下用户也不能通过这2种测试方案对ITV故障进行测试。为此本文提出一种方法可在Root权限未开放的情况下,应用层与底层通过Socket通信,将Traceroute和Tcpdump命令编译成二进制文件在机顶盒运行。通过厂家增加相对应的服务项对固件进行升级,从而在非Root权限下实现Traceroute和抓包功能,提高用户侧的感知质量,减少用户投诉率。     

一种基于全变分技术和Lp伪范数的椒盐噪声去除方法

针对传统各向同性全变分（Isotropy total variation，ITV）去噪算法容易导致图像边缘模糊、不易保持图像细节信息等问题，提出一种基于L _p 伪范数和各向同性全变分的图像去噪方法。该方法将L _p 伪范数代替ITV模型中的L ₁范数，利用交替方向乘子算法（Alternating direction method of multipliers, ADMM）将能量泛函拆解成若干个子问题，并将差分算子视为卷积算子；然后引入卷积定理和快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier transform, FFT)提高算法运算效率；最后通过Matlab进行仿真实验，运用图像质量的客观和主观评价方法进行评价分析。结果表明，本文方法能够较好地保留图像的边缘特性，有效提升去噪效果。     

全自动引线键合机

本文介绍了一台自动引线键合装置,用模式识别技术完成位置检测,系统中采用高稳定 ITV和视频信息实时输入的DMA通道,键合机具有键合工艺所需的识别率、对准精度和速度.     

基于CATV网络的ITV实现

随着计算机网络的发展，在家中观看多媒体电视和交互式电视的可能性越来越大，本文提出了一种在现有ＣＡＴＶ网络上实现交互式电视的设计方案，该方案由四个部分组成：１．原ＣＡＴＶ网络的改造２．频带分配方案３．ＶＯＤ系统４．拨号视频网络结构。     

RESP-24: a computer program for the investigation of 24-h breathing abnormalities in heart failure patients

In this paper, we describe a computer program (RESP-24) specifically devised to assess the prevalence and characteristics of breathing disorders in ambulant chronic heart failure patients during the overall 24 h period. The system works on a single channel respiratory signal (RS) recorded through a Holter-like portable device. In the pre-processing stage RESP-24 removes noise, baseline drift and motion artefacts from the RS using a non-linear filter, enhances respiratory frequency components through high-pass filtering and derives an instantaneous tidal volume (ITV) signal. The core processing is devoted to the identification and classification of the breathing pattern into periodic breathing (PB), normal breathing or non-classifiable breathing using a 60 s segmentation, and to the identification and estimation of apnea and hypopnea events. Sustained episodes of PB are detected by cross analysis of both the spectral content and time behavior of the ITV signal. User-friendly interactive facilities allow all the results of the automatic analysis procedure to be edited. The final report provides a set of standard and non-standard parameters quantifying breathing abnormalities during the 24 h period, the night-time and the day-time, including the apnea/hypopnea index, the apnea index, the total time spent in apnea or in hypopnea and the prevalence of non-apneic and apneic PB. The accuracy of these measurements was appraised on a data set of 14 recordings, by comparing them with those provided by a trained analyst. The mean and standard deviation of the error of the automatic procedure were below respectively 6 and 8% of the reference value for all parameters considered and the mean total classification accuracy was 92%. In most cases, the individual error was <12%. We conclude that measurements provided automatically by the RESP-24 software are suitable for screening purposes and clinical trials, although a preventive check of signal quality should be recommended.     

Shape measurement of curved objects using multiple slit-ray projections

A method for the shape measurement of curved objects has been developed using multiple slit-ray projections and a turntable. The object is placed on a computer-controlled turntable and irradiated by two directed slit-ray projectors. An ITV camera takes a line image of the reflection from the object, and a computer calculates the space coordinates of the object surface. By using multiple projections, the total shape measurement of the object surface is attained accurately.     

电信宽带ADSL健康档案系统设计与实现

近年来,国内各大电信运营商的宽带用户数迅速增加,数据通信的业务量持续走高,宽带用户线路质量评估则成为发现和解决线路质量问题的重要手段.本文在详细分析需求的基础上,研究开发一套基于.NET平台的宽带用户健康档案系统,包括ITV用户、速率变更用户等分析模块,为电信运营商实现服务质量主动发现、主动分析和主动维护提供有效的手段...     

An efficient LMI approach for the quadratic stabilisation of a class of linear,uncertain, time-varying systems

The purpose of this article is to provide a numerically efficient method for the quadratic stabilisation of a class of linear, discrete-time, uncertain, time-varying systems. The considered class of systems is characterised by an interval time-varying (ITV) matrix and constant sensor and actuator matrices. It is required to find a linear time-invariant (LTI) static output feedback controller yielding a quadratically stable closed-loop system independently of the parameter variation rate. The solvability conditions are stated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The set of LMIs includes the stability conditions for the feedback connection of a unique suitably defined extreme plant with an LTI output controller and the positivity of a closed-loop extremal matrix. A consequent noticeable feature of the article is that the total number of LMIs is independent of the number of uncertain parameters. This greatly enhances the numerical efficiency of the design procedure.     

Input system for part model in CAD from coloured hand-written illustration with use of ITV

An input system for CAD is developed to construct a part model within a computer from a hand-written sketch. The sketch is drawn based on the technical illustration method. The shape of the input part is constructed by the combination of cuboids and cylinders at present. A coloured illustration is adopted for the ease of the shape recognition and for the input of the technological information.

The illustration is fed into the computer via a black and white ITV. Colours are identified referring to the brightness of the input image. The constitutive bodies, the geometric element with the technological information and the content of the technological information are recognized through image processing such as noise filtering, thinning of the contours, detection of lines and so on. The input system outputs a set of commands to the modelling system. The integrated part model which includes not only the geometrical information but also the technological information of the part is constructed by the connected modelling system CIMS/MODE.

The combination of the input system and the modelling system can support the designer to construct the detailed part model within the computer effectively. It is expected to extend the ability of the input system to identify general hand-written illustrations so that the input method will be more practical and useful.     

Personalized and mobile digital TV applications

The introduction of mobile and broadband networks in complement to the existing satellite, cable, and terrestrial platforms, opens new opportunities for interactive TV (ITV) applications. In addition, the widespread adoption of multimedia computing has enabled the processing of TV content on personal devices such as mobile phones and PCs. The above developments raise novel issues and require the adoption of new multimedia standards and application frameworks. In particular, the explosion in the amount of available TV channels over digital television platforms (broadcast or internet protocol) makes searching and locating interesting content a cumbersome task. In this context, personalization research is concerned with the adaptation of content (e.g. movies, news, advertisements). Personalization is achieved with the employment of algorithms and data collection schemes that predict and recommend to television viewers content that match their interests. In addition, the distribution of TV content to mobile devices over broadband wireless raises the issue of video quality. Video quality depends on many aspects of the video encoding systems, such as bit rate and algorithms that model human perception of video on small screens. In this article, we examine contemporary research in personalized and mobile digital TV applications. Moreover, we present a critical survey of the most prominent research and provide directions for further research in personalized and mobile digital TV (DTV) applications.     

Scalable Online Feasibility Tests for Admission Control in a Java Real-Time System

In the Komodo project a real-time Java system based on a multithreaded Java microcontroller has been developed. A main scheduling policy realized by hardware in the microcontroller core is a new scheme called Guaranteed Percentage (GP) scheduling. This scheme assigns each thread a guaranteed percentage of the processor power thus providing a strict isolation of the threads on the processor. To prevent processor overload in the dynamic Java environment, fast online feasibility tests are necessary before a new thread is allowed to enter the microcontroller. Starting with the well known Processor Demand Analysis, a new test based on the periodic transformation of the processor workload is developed. This is a sufficient (but not necessary) scalable test, where the number of feasible thread sets found can be controlled by the costs. Furthermore, this test can be stopped, if a given cost or time limit is reached. We additionally propose a modified version of this test, which further reduces the costs and allows an online hardware feasibility test with a polynomial complexity of O(n(n + 1)/2). An evaluation shows, that the tests proposed here are able to find more than 90% of the feasible thread sets and all non-feasible thread sets with costs suitable for online testing. U. Brinkschulte was born February 16, 1959 in Mannheim, Germany. He received his M.S. (Dipl. Ing.) in electrical engineering in 1982 and his Ph.D. (Dr. rer. nat.) degree in 1990 from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. After receiving his Ph.D., he worked as managing director with the ITV GmbH, Heiligenberg, Germany and as research and development manager with the GAI GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Germany. In 1994 he became professor of computer science at the University of Applied Science in Heidelberg. Since 1995 he is professor at the University of Karlsruhe, institute for process control, automation and robotics. His general research area are distributed real-time systems. His current interests are in self-organization of these systems and organic computing. Prof. Dr. Brinkschulte is author and coauthor of several scientific books, journal articles and conference papers.     

Interactive genetic algorithms with individual’s fuzzy fitness

Interactive genetic algorithms are effective methods to solve an optimization problem with implicit or fuzzy indices, and have been successfully applied to many real-world optimization problems in recent years. In traditional interactive genetic algorithms, many researchers adopt an accurate number to express an individual’s fitness assigned by a user. But it is difficult for this expression to reasonably reflect a user’s fuzzy and gradual cognitive to an individual. We present an interactive genetic algorithm with an individual’s fuzzy fitness in this paper. Firstly, we adopt a fuzzy number described with a Gaussian membership function to express an individual’s fitness. Then, in order to compare different individuals, we generate a fitness interval based on α-cut set, and obtain the probability of individual dominance by use of the probability of interval dominance. Finally, we determine the superior individual in tournament selection with size two based on the probability of individual dominance, and perform the subsequent evolutions. We apply the proposed algorithm to a fashion evolutionary design system, a typical optimization problem with an implicit index, and compare it with two interactive genetic algorithms, i.e., an interactive genetic algorithm with an individual’s accurate fitness and an interactive genetic algorithm with an individual’s interval fitness. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is advantageous in alleviating user fatigue and looking for user’s satisfactory individuals.     

A Relative Entropy Weibull-SAX framework for health indices construction and health stage division in degradation modeling of multivariate time series asset data

Predictive maintenance is the monitoring of an asset’s condition over its life cycle to provide a prognosis for when maintenance is required. Prior to prognosis, an asset’s life cycle is modeled by a health indicator (HI) which is derived from sensor measurements and describes an asset’s degradation over a life cycle. Often an asset’s HI is accompanied by a health stage (HS) division, which describes the asset’s life cycle condition in discrete states. Generally, HSs are discrete representations generated from discrete state transition models, dynamic state space models, or subjectively defined thresholds, which use sensor measurements to provide a HS division related to an asset’s life cycle degradation. HS division methods are often designed for a specific asset in which HS division is based on user assumptions and not generalizable to different asset types or asset data representations. Also, HS division methods are often limited to a bi-state HS division (normal and failure), in which unobservable states are often generalized transition states. As assets become more complex and require multivariate measurements, more advanced methods are required to model an asset’s degradation using HIs and HSs. This work introduces Relative Entropy Weibull-SAX (REWS), a data-driven HI and HS degradation modeling method for multivariate asset data. REWS constructs a HI using relative entropy to represent an asset’s condition as a change of entropy during its life cycle. The relative entropy representation is then discretized into HS divisions using a Weibull distribution based Symbolic Aggregate approXimation. REWS’s utility is demonstrated on the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation dataset which describes the life cycle observations of multiple aircraft engines.     

Can quantum discord increase in a quantum communication task?

Quantum teleportation of an unknown quantum state is one of the few communication tasks which has no classical counterpart. Usually the aim of teleportation is to send an unknown quantum state to a receiver. But is it possible in some way that the receiver’s state has more quantum discord than the sender’s state? We look at a scenario where Alice and Bob share a pure quantum state and Alice has an unknown quantum state. She performs joint measurement on her qubits and channel to prepare Bob’s qubits in a mixed state which has higher quantum discord than hers. We also observe an interesting feature in this scenario, when the quantum discord of Alice’s qubits increases, then the quantum discord of Bob’s prepared qubits decreases. Furthermore, we show that the fidelity of one-qubit quantum teleportation using Bob’s prepared qubits as the channel is higher than using Alice’s qubits.