Nd修饰的PtSn/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化性能

利用浸渍还原法,以甲酸为还原剂制备了PtSnNd/C和PtSn/C纳米催化剂。XRD测量了催化剂的粒径和晶格参数,循环伏安法和计时电流法测试了催化剂对乙醇的催化氧化性能。结果表明,添加Nd可以明显提高PtSn/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化活性,峰电流密度增大了86%。     

三种体系制备的Pt-Co/C催化剂阳极电氧化性能研究

本文主要探究在3种体系下制备Pt-Co/C催化剂,分别将这3种体系下制备的Pt-Co/C催化剂与传统的Pt/C催化剂进行性能比较。结果表明:在乙二醇体系下得到的Pt-Co/C催化剂具有更好的效果,比传统的Pt/C催化剂的电催化氧化活性要好。     

不同浓度四氢呋喃水溶液制备高合金化Pt-Ru/CMK-3催化剂

提出了在四氢呋喃(THF)和H2O混合溶液中用一般的化学还原法在室温下制备高合金化Pt-Ru/CMK-3催化剂的新方法。与在纯水中制得的Pt-Ru催化剂相比,其Pt-Ru粒子的合金化程度高、平均粒径较小且相对结晶度低,因此该催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性远高于在纯水中制得的Pt-Ru催化剂。高合金化程度的原因是H2PtCl6和RuCl3在THF和H2O混合溶液中的起始还原电位相近。进一步发现在THF和H2O混合溶液中,THF和H2O体积比的改变并不影响制得的Pt-Ru/CMK-3催化剂中Pt-Ru粒子的合金化程度,但对Pt-Ru粒子的粒径以及相对结晶度有较大影响。     

微波加热模式对Pt/C催化剂甲醇电氧化性能的影响

文章简要阐述了微波电介质加热原理,解释了Pt/C催化剂制备时分散体系的选择依据,考察了脉冲微波加热与连续微波加热两种模式对微波辅助乙二醇法合成Pt/C催化剂甲醇电催化氧化性能的影响。研究发现:脉冲微波加热模式制备的催化剂的性能显著好于连续微波加热模式,当微波输出功率为620 W,采用10 s ON/10 s OFF的脉冲模式加热5次时,制得的Pt/C催化剂的甲醇电氧化性能最好。     

载体的碱处理对Pd/C催化剂电催化性能的影响

将活性炭放入质量分数为10%的NaOH溶液中进行预处理,然后将其与未处理的活性炭分别作为载体制备Pd/C催化剂。对比两种催化剂的电化学性能发现,预处理的活性炭所制备的Pd/C催化剂,在甲酸电催化氧化活性和稳定性方面好于未处理的活性炭所制备的Pd/C催化剂。     

载体处理对Pt/C催化剂的选择性加氢性能影响

研究了活性炭处理方式对以其为载体制备的铂炭催化剂性能的影响,以对氯硝基苯催化加氢制备对氯苯胺反应为模型反应对催化剂的性能进行评价。结果表明,经过处理的活性炭制备的铂炭在对氯硝基苯加氢反应中表现出的催化性能更高,5%NaOH在80℃下处理2 h的活性炭可以达到最佳效果,所制备的Pt/C催化剂重复使用4次,对氯苯胺收率在99%以上,脱氯率在0.3%以下。     

Pt/C催化剂和Pt-Co/C催化剂阳极电氧化性能比较

用微波法制备炭载Pt-Co/C催化剂,并与从美国E-TEX购买的商用催化剂进行了比较,结果表明:该催化剂对甲醇、甲酸、乙醇的催化氧化活性都有一定的提高,并利用透射电镜观察其形貌,发现Pt-Co/C催化剂粒径较小且分散均匀。     

甲醇氧化电催化剂Pt、Ru和PtRu的性能研究

应用恒电位沉积法制得Pt、Ru和PtRu直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂,并对三种催化剂的甲醇氧化活性和稳定性进行了考察。动电位和恒电位实验结果均表明,Ru的加入使PtRu的甲醇起始氧化电位相对于Pt催化剂负移,催化活性和稳定性得到明显的改善。     

直接甲醇燃料电池钯基催化剂研究进展

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)阳极催化剂是直接甲醇燃料电池的关键材料之一。由于钯的价格便宜、储量丰富、在碱性条件下活性较高,成为取代铂作为DMFC的潜在的阳极催化剂。着重介绍了近年来钯基阳极催化剂在碱性条件下对甲醇的电氧化的研究进展,展望了其发展前景。     

醇类燃料电池Pt-Co/C催化剂的制备及其性能研究

用不同微波加热时间方法制备了3种Pt-Co/C催化剂,发现用加热时间为加热20s停20s,反复5次;然后再加热10s停10s,反复5次的方法制备的Pt-Co/C(3)催化剂对甲醇、甲酸、乙醇的催化氧化性能最好。     

炭布高温预处理对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用炭布叠层为坯体,经等温ＣＶＤ工艺制备Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料,并对其摩擦磨损性能进行初步探讨,结果表明,炭布高温预处理能改善Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,随着刹车压力的增大,试样的磨损率增大而摩擦系数则减小。     

Co-catalytic effect of Ni in the methanol electro-oxidation on Pt-Ru/C catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell

This research is aimed to improve the utilization and activity of anodic catalysts, thus to lower the contents of noble metals loading in anodes for methanol electro-oxidation. The direct methanol fuel cell anodic catalysts, Pt-Ru-Ni/C and Pt-Ru/C, were prepared by chemical reduction method. Their performances were tested by using a glassy carbon working electrode through cyclic voltammetric curves, chronoamperometric curves and half-cell measurement in a solution of 0.5 mol/L CH₃OH and 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄. The composition of the Pt-Ru-Ni and Pt-Ru surface particles were determined by EDAX analysis. The particle size and lattice parameter of the catalysts were determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analysis showed that both of the catalysts exhibited face-centered cubic structures and had smaller lattice parameters than Pt-alone catalyst. Their sizes are small, about 4.5 nm. No significant differences in the methanol electro-oxidation on both electrodes were found by using cyclic voltammetry, especially regarding the onset potential for methanol electro-oxidation. The electrochemically active-specific areas of the Pt-Ru-Ni/C and Pt-Ru/C catalysts are almost the same. But, the catalytic activity of the Pt-Ru-Ni/C catalyst is higher for methanol electro-oxidation than that of the Pt-Ru/C catalyst. Its tolerance performance to CO formed as one of the intermediates of methanol electro-oxidation is better than that of the Pt-Ru/C catalyst.     

Preparation and influence of performance of anodic catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell

This research aims at increasing the utilization of platinum-ruthenium alloy (Pt-Ru) catalysts and thus lowering the catalyst loading in anodes for methanol electrooxidation. The direct methanol fuel cell’s (DMFC) anodic catalysts, Pt-Ru/C, were prepared by chemical reduction with a reducing agent added in two kinds of solutions under different circumstances. The reducing agent was added in hot solution with the protection of inert gases or just air, and in cold solution with inert gases. The catalysts were treated at different temperatures. Their performance was tested by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic polarization by utilizing their inherent powder microelectrode in 0.5 mol/L CH₃OH and 0.5 mol/LH₂SO₄ solution. The structures and micro-surface images of the catalysts were determined and observed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The catalyst prepared in inert gases showed a better catalytic performance for methanol electrooxidation than that prepared in air. It resulted in a more homogeneous distribution of the Pt-Ru alloy in carbon. Its size is small, only about 4.5 nm. The catalytic performance is affected by the order of the reducing agent added. The performance of the catalyst prepared by adding the reductant at constant temperature of the solution is better than that prepared by adding it in the solution at 0°C and then heating it up to the reducing temperature. The structure of the catalyst was modified, and there was an increase in the conversion of ruthenium into the alloyed state and an increase in particle size with the ascension of heat treatment temperature. In addition, the stability of the catalyst was improved after heat treatment. Translated from Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2006, 38 (4): 541-545 [译自: 哈尔滨工业大学学报]     

对苯二甲酸加氢精制钯/炭催化剂的制备

选取椰壳活性炭为载体制备钯／炭催化剂，考察了浸渍液pH值和还原温度对催化剂结构和活性的影响。用XRD对催化剂进行表征，用对苯二甲酸加氢精制体系进行活性评价。结果表明：催化剂的制备条件对载体炭孔结构影响不明显，金属钯较好的分散在载体炭上；最佳浸渍溶液pH值为1.5，还原温度为250℃。     

预制体孔隙结构对炭/炭复合材料ICVI制备工艺的影响

研究了预制体孔隙结构对ICVI工艺致密化过程及基体热解炭微观结构的影响。结果表明：2D针刺炭毡致密化速度高于炭布叠层预制体，1K炭布叠层预制体的致密化速度高于3K炭布叠层；在致密化过程中，热解炭均匀沉积在纤维表面，预制体AS／VR比值变化是导致热解炭微观结构发生改变的根本原因。     

Methanol oxidation on carbon-supported Pt-Ru and TiO2 (Pt-Ru/TiO2/C) electrocatalyst prepared using polygonal barrel-sputtering method

Methanol oxidation performance of a carbon-supported Pt-Ru alloy catalyst used at the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) anode is improved by adding TiO₂. However, the methanol oxidation performance of the electrocatalyst described above must be enhanced further to realize practical application in DMFCs. In this study, we used our original surface-modifying technique termed the “polygonal barrel-sputtering method” to prepare a carbon-supported Pt-Ru and TiO₂ (Pt-Ru/TiO₂/C) electrocatalyst offering higher methanol oxidation performance. The obtained results show that the methanol oxidation performance of the prepared Pt-Ru/TiO₂/C is superior to that using wet process as the TiO₂ deposition method. Furthermore, for our sputtering method, the peak current of methanol oxidation on the Pt-Ru/TiO₂/C is enhanced by increasing the TiO₂ deposited amount up to 2.8 wt.%. These results suggest that a Pt-Ru/TiO₂ interface area is increased using the polygonal barrel-sputtering method, providing the high methanol oxidation performance of Pt-Ru/TiO₂/C.     

不同金属催化炭纤维原位生长纳米炭纤维/纳米碳管的研究

为了选择合适的催化剂，来催化炭纤维生长纳米炭纤维／纳米碳管，分别以Fe、Co、Ni和Mo的金属盐为催化剂前驱体，H2为还原气体，N2为载气，采用浸渍-还原法在炭纤维表面制备纳米催化剂颗粒，再以CO为碳源，催化热解生长纳米炭纤维／纳米碳管。用扫描电镜观察了纳米催化剂颗粒的形貌和粒径及纳米炭纤维／纳米碳管的形貌，并探讨了四种金属的催化生长机制，发现四种金属的催化效果为：Ni最好，Co次之，Fe较差，Mo最差。     

基体炭对无粘结剂C/C复合材料性能的影响

研究了在相同的工作制度下，基体炭（生石油焦）的热物理性质，机械 化学处理后的主要特征（粒径、比表面、含氧官能团），结果表明，在所选用的基体炭源中，荆门生焦更适合作为无粘结剂C／C复合材料的基体炭。     

活性炭纤维预处理方法对碘吸附量的影响研究

以粘肢基活性炭纤维（ACF）为试料，研究了不同预处理方法对活性炭纤维碘吸附量的影响，以表征活性炭纤维的吸附性能。结果表明：经（1＋9）盐酸预处理的ACF的碘吸附量可达到1559.18mg／g，优于采用蒸馏水预处理和未经任何预处理的ACF。     

有机碳源和DO对短程硝化的影响

在SBR反应器中控制温度为(30±1)℃,pH为7.5～8.5,DO质量浓度为0.6～1.8mg·L-1,MLSS质量浓度稳定在5 000 mg·L-1左右,实现了短程硝化反硝化,并在C/N为1/1、1/2、1/4和DO质量浓度为0.3～O.4、0.4～0.6、0.6～1.6、1.6～2.0 mg·L-1的情况下,对亚硝酸氮累积的效果进行对比试验.结果表明,氨氮的去除率随着C/N的增加而降低,C/N=1/4时氨氮去除率达到98.3%,亚硝态氮的累积率达到了99.95%,DO质量浓度为0.6～1.6mg·L-1时最适合于同步硝化好氧反硝化脱氮.出水氨氮质量浓度为0.57mg·L-1,亚硝态盐氮质量浓度为125.78mg·L-1,硝酸盐氮质量浓度为O.26mg·L-1.