石松子粉尘爆炸危险性及抑爆研究

为了研究粒径对石松子粉尘爆炸危险性的影响,采用Godbert-Greenwald(G-G)炉和20 L球爆炸装置对石松子粉尘云进行了试验,分析了粒径对爆炸特性的影响,并探讨了Si O2和NH4H2PO4对石松子粉的抑爆效果。结果表明:粒径越小的粉尘着火温度越低,潜在危险性更大;粒径小于48μm的粉尘,在质量浓度为750 g/m3时达到最大爆炸指数22.61 MPa·m/s,其爆炸危险性为Ⅱ级,相比于粒径小于75μm的粉尘,爆炸危险性更高;添加Si O2和NH4H2PO4后,能够显著降低石松子粉的爆炸压力和爆炸指数;与Si O2相比,NH4H2PO4具有更好的抑爆效果。     

石松子粉爆炸过程中火焰传播特性研究

为了研究石松子粉火焰传播特征,采用哈特曼管装置对石松子粉在燃烧管中进行试验,利用高速摄影和红外热成像技术记录石松子粉火焰传播过程,并对石松子粉火焰传播速度和火焰温度变化情况进行了分析。结果表明:点火能量为200mJ,粉尘浓度在125⁵00g/m500g/m³范围内,火焰在燃烧管中向上传播所达到的最大速度随着粉尘浓度的增加先增大后减小;在石松子粉浓度为250g/m3范围内,火焰在燃烧管中向上传播所达到的最大速度随着粉尘浓度的增加先增大后减小;在石松子粉浓度为250g/m³时达到最大速度11.08m/s;火球的面积随着时间变化呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在60ms时达到最大,同时达到最高温度1100℃;随着火焰的向上传播,火焰的最高温度区域也随之向上移动。     

石松子粉爆炸过程中火焰传播特性研究

为了研究石松子粉火焰传播特征,采用哈特曼管装置对石松子粉在燃烧管中进行试验,利用高速摄影和红外热成像技术记录石松子粉火焰传播过程,并对石松子粉火焰传播速度和火焰温度变化情况进行了分析。结果表明:点火能量为200mJ,粉尘浓度在125~500g/m~3范围内,火焰在燃烧管中向上传播所达到的最大速度随着粉尘浓度的增加先增大后减小;在石松子粉浓度为250g/m~3时达到最大速度11.08m/s;火球的面积随着时间变化呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在60ms时达到最大,同时达到最高温度1100℃;随着火焰的向上传播,火焰的最高温度区域也随之向上移动。     

纤维板砂光粉尘的燃爆特性

以某纤维板生产线的速生杨、马尾松、南方硬杂木的混合砂光粉尘作为研究对象,在分析粉尘粒径及其分布、可挥发分及形貌特征的基础上,采用20 L爆炸球对砂光粉尘进行燃爆实验,探索砂光粉尘的浓度对粉尘燃爆特征的影响,并对爆炸前、后粉尘的热稳定性和特征官能团进行探讨。结果表明,当砂光粉尘质量浓度增加到1 000 g/m3,最大爆炸压力达到最大值0.761 MPa;此后,粉尘浓度的增加反而使砂光粉的最大爆炸压力减小;当粉尘质量浓度增加到1 250 g/m3时,爆炸指数达到最大值17.62 MPa·m/s,且爆炸危险分级为St1(弱爆炸)。实验还采用最小点火能测试系统、热板炉和GodbertGreenwald炉研究了砂光粉尘的燃烧特性,结果表明,粉尘最小点火能为30~100 m J,粉尘层最低着火温度为300℃,粉尘云最低着火温度为420℃。     

玉米淀粉粉尘爆炸特性及火焰传播过程的试验研究?

为了全面地认识玉米淀粉粉尘爆炸的敏感性和爆炸破坏效应,分别采用粉尘云着火温度装置、20 L球粉尘爆炸装置和粉尘云火焰传播装置对玉米淀粉的粉尘云着火温度、爆炸下限质量浓度、爆炸压力、爆炸氧极限浓度以及粉尘云火焰传播过程进行了研究。结果表明:玉米淀粉粉尘云最低着火温度在380~390℃之间;粉尘云爆炸氧极限浓度(体积分数)在10%~11%之间;爆炸下限质量浓度和最大爆炸压力随着化学点火具质量的增加而呈现出不同的变化特征,随着化学点火具质量的增加,玉米淀粉的爆炸下限质量浓度逐渐降低,而玉米淀粉爆炸压力逐渐升高。在不同的粉尘质量浓度条件下,粉尘云火焰传播速度和火焰温度有一定的变化,在粉尘质量浓度为500 g/m3时,火焰传播速度和火焰温度均达到最大值,分别为13.81 m/s和1 107℃。     

石松子粉最小点火能试验研究

采用1．2L哈特曼管最小点火能测试装置,研究了中位径为32μm的石松子粉的最小点火能量随粉尘浓度、点火延时以及喷粉压力之间的变化规律。试验结果表明：在环境温度为（25±5）℃,环境湿度为30％±5％的条件下,石松子粉的最佳着火浓度750g／m3,最佳点火延时为90脚,最佳喷粉压力为0．8MPa,此时石松子粉的最小点火能达到极小值。在相同的实验条件下有电感的点火方式比无电感的点火方式所需的能量要小。在有电感存在的情况下,石松子粉的最小点火能为10mJ;在无电感存在的情况下,石松子粉的最小点火能为15mJ,说明石松子粉对电火花较敏感。     

聚酰胺纤维粉尘的爆炸特性

为研究汽车安全气囊生产过程中产生的聚酰胺纤维粉尘爆炸的危险性,测定聚酰胺纤维粉尘的相关爆炸参数,对粉尘爆炸危险性进行分级。结果表明:聚酰胺纤维粉尘的最小点火能(MIE)为15.8 MJ;粉尘层最低着火温度(MITL)为307℃,粉尘云最低着火温度(MITC)为300℃;在点火头能量为10 k J情况下,样品粉尘爆炸压力最大为0.8 MPa,爆炸指数最大为16.59 MPa·m/s,粉尘爆炸烈度为St1级;聚酰胺纤维粉反应热解特性过程中挥发分初始析出温度(Ts)为228℃,DTG微商峰值温度为429.1℃,最大失质量为每分钟6.99%。     

典型爆炸粉尘的危险性预测

本文在国际通用的Siwek 20-L球形爆炸装置内系统研究工业生产中典型爆炸粉尘的危险性,包括粉尘爆炸下限,粉尘层最低着火温度,最大爆炸压力和爆炸指数。结果表明随着粉尘浓度的增加,其爆炸威力呈先增后减的趋势。对粉尘的惰化实验研究表明,惰性介质的添加能有效降低粉尘爆炸威力,混合体系在高添加量下甚至失去可爆性。     

可燃物质的爆炸及其预防

一．可燃物质爆炸的机理及其危害 可燃气体或粉尘与空气形成的混合物在短时间内发生化学反应,产生的高温、高压气体与冲击波,超过周围建筑物、容器、管道的承载能力,使其发生破坏,导致人身,设备事故,称为爆炸事故。通常说,发生爆炸要有三个条件,一是有燃料和助燃空气的积存,二是燃料和空气的混合物的浓度在爆炸极限内;三是有足够的点火能源。天然气的爆炸下限约为5％,煤粉的爆炸下限是20～60g／m3,爆炸产生的压力可达0．3～1．0MPa。就锅炉范围而言,可燃物质是指天然气,煤气、石油气、油雾和煤粉;构成爆炸事故的有炉膛放炮、煤粉仓爆炸及制粉系统爆炸。     

环氧粉末涂料爆炸危险性评估

采用20L球爆炸测试装置、哈特曼管式爆炸测试装置和Godbert-Greenwald炉等研究不同粒径环氧粉末涂料在不同质量浓度和喷粉压力下的爆炸敏感度和强度参数的变化规律。结果表明:粉尘云最小爆炸质量浓度为30～40 g/m~3,且随粒径增加呈现非单调变化;爆炸压力随质量浓度增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,存在最佳爆炸浓度;粉末粒径对最大爆炸压力无显著影响,最大压力上升速率随粒径增大而明显减小;最小点火能、粉尘云最低着火温度随粒径增加而单调递增,粉尘云最低着火温度随喷粉压力增加而逐渐降低。     

膨化硝铵炸药粉尘爆炸性的初步实验研究

膨化硝铵炸药是一种常见的工业炸药,该文通过20L爆炸球对其粉尘爆炸的危险性进行了试验研究,并和玉米淀粉粉尘进行了比较。研究结果表明,膨化硝铵炸药发生粉尘爆炸的可能性很小,在50～1100g／m^3的浓度范围均未发生粉尘爆炸;玉米淀粉有着粉尘爆炸的危险。所得结果为它们的生产及使用安全提供了必要的参考。     

Research on law and mechanism of dust explosion in bag type dust collector

The bag type dust collector will accumulate dust during long-term operation, and the high temperature during operation will cause dust explosion. In this paper, with the dust removal system involved in the “8·2” Kunshan dust explosion accident taken as the research background, the minimum ignition temperature and lower explosion limit experiments are carried out on aluminum powder with different particle sizes (10–60 μm) by using the lowest ignition temperature test device and the 20 L near-spherical explosive device. The dust concentration distribution and temperature field in the bag type dust collector are analyzed through the CFD-FLUENT software. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it is found that when the particle size of aluminum powder is 19 μm, the minimum ignition temperature is 585 °C, and the lower explosion limit of concentration is 0.04 kg/m³. The simulation results indicate that the dust particles gather in the dust collecting bucket, and the aluminothermic reaction occurs in the dust collecting bucket. The temperature of the upper and right parts in the dust collecting bucket is above 600 °C, which exceeds the minimum ignition temperature. At the interface between the dust hopper and the dust collecting bucket, the concentration of aluminum powder reaches 0.126 kg/m³, which exceeds the lower explosion limit of aluminum powder.     

Overall characterization of cork dust explosion

Explosibility and ignitability studies of air/cork dust mixtures were conducted in a near-spherical 22.7 L explosibility test chamber using pyrotechnic ignitors and in a furnace of 1.23 L. The suspension dust burned as air-dispersed dust clouds and the uniformity of the dispersion inside the chamber was evaluated through optical dust probes. The range of tested particle sizes went from a mass median diameter of 47.4 to 438.3 microm and the covered dust cloud concentration was up to 700-800 g/m(3). Measured explosion parameters included minimum explosible concentration, maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise and minimum autoignition temperature. The effect of dust particle size on flammability was evaluated and it was found that the minimum explosible concentration is around 40 g/m(3) and it is relatively independent of particle size below 180 microm. Maximum explosion pressure of 7.2 bar and maximum rate of pressure rise of 179 bar/s were detected for the smallest tested sizes. The limitations on the rates of devolatilization of the solid particles became rate controlling at high burning velocities, at high dust loadings and for large particle sizes. The effect of initial pressure on the characteristic parameters of the explosion was studied by varying the initial absolute pressure from 0.9 bar to 2.2 bar, and it was found that as initial pressure increases, there is a proportional increase of minimum explosion limit, maximum explosion pressure, and maximum rate of pressure rise. The influence of the intensity of the ignition energy on the development of the explosion was evaluated using ignition energies of 1000 J, 2500 J and 5000 J, and the experimental data showed that the value of 2500 J is the most convenient to use in the determination of minimum explosion concentration. The behavior of the cork dust explosion in hybrid methane air mixtures was studied for atmospheres with 2% and 3.5% (v/v) of methane. The effect of methane content on the characteristic parameters of the explosions was evaluated. The conclusion is that, the hazard and explosion danger rise with the increase of methane concentration, characterized by the reduction of the minimum dust explosion concentration. The minimum autoignition temperature obtained with the thermal ignition tests was 540 degrees C and the results have shown that this value is independent of particle size, for particles with mass median diameters below 80 microm.     

纳米Fe2O3对温压炸药中铝粉爆炸特性的影响

为提高温压炸药配方的威力,根据铝热反应的基本原理,在温压炸药固相组分中添加纳米Fe₂O₃,探究通过诱导铝热反应的方式来提高炸药威力的新途径。利用20 L柱形爆炸容器在10 kJ点火能量下研究了不同质量比的微米或纳米铝粉与纳米Fe₂O₃组成的混合体系的爆炸特性。研究发现,随着纳米Fe₂O₃含量的增大,Al/Fe₂O₃混合体系的最大爆炸压力和升压速率呈现先增大、后减小的趋势。当纳米Fe₂O₃质量分数为5.4%时,混合体系的最大爆炸压力最大。随后,在此配比下开展了混合体系粉尘浓度对爆炸特性的影响规律研究。结果表明,随着粉尘浓度的增加,最大爆炸压力先增加、后降低,在质量浓度为400 g/m³时达到峰值。结合理论分析认为,纳米Fe₂O₃的加入能够改善温压炸药固相体系的反应活性,且对铝粉的爆炸剧烈程度有促进和抑制的双面作用。     

An investigation on the aluminum dustexplosion suppression efficiency and mechanism of a NaHCO3/DE composite powder

A NaHCO₃/diatomaceous earth (DE) composite powder suppressant with unique clustered structures is prepared by high-pressure impact method, using DE as the carrier and NaHCO₃ as the loaded chemical suppressant. The purpose is to obtain affordable, environmentally friendly, high-efficiency power explosion suppression materials. The suppression efficiencies of the NaHCO₃/DE composite powder suppressant on aluminum dust propagation and explosion pressure are tested. The results show that as the content of the NaHCO₃/DE composite powder suppressant increases, the maximum flame length gradually reduces and the suppression efficiency gradually increases. Addition of 60 wt% of the NaHCO₃/DE composite powder suppressant suppress aluminum dust flame propagation and addition of 100 wt% of the NaHCO₃/DE composite powder suppressant can fully suppress aluminum dust explosion. Comparison with pure NaHCO₃ and pure DE reveals that NaHCO₃/DE composite powder suppressant is more effective in suppressing aluminum dust flame propagation and aluminum dust explosion pressure than either of the two powders alone. The suppression mechanism of the NaHCO₃/DE composite powder suppressant is established: On the one hand, reaction is suppressed by the decomposition of NaHCO₃ and the product of this decomposition; on the other hand, as DE is rich in porous structures, when the loaded NaHCO₃ powder separates from DE, the porous structures will not only limit flame propagation, but will also well adsorb the substances generated from explosion reaction.     

锆金属粉尘云最小点火能和最低着火 温度的试验研究

为研究锆金属粉尘云燃烧的基础特性参数,从而为其安全性能提供依据,采用哈特曼管试验系统和最低着火温度测定系统分别对锆金属粉尘云的最小点火能（MIE）和最低着火温度（MIT）开展试验研究。分别研究了锆金属粉尘云质量浓度、点火延迟时间和喷粉压力对MIE的影响,以及粉尘云质量浓度对MIT的影响。结果得出:中位径为33.49 μm的锆金属粉尘云的MIE在1~3 mJ之间;在50~500 g/m³质量浓度范围下,随着质量浓度增大,MIE先减小后增大,在质量浓度为400 g/m³时达到最小;点火延迟时间从10 ms增至180 ms,MIE先减小后增大,在60 ms时达到最小;喷粉压力从0.4 MPa增至1.0 MPa,MIE先减小后增大,在0.6~0.8 MPa间达到最小。该粒度锆金属粉尘云的MIT为210 ℃左右,在一定浓度范围下,MIT随粉尘浓度的增加而减小。     

梧桐树粉尘爆炸特性研究

以梧桐树粉尘为例,研究了可作为工业粉状炸药添加剂的木粉粉尘的爆炸特性。运用哈特曼管测试了粉尘云的最小点火能,得出样品1#、样品2#和样品3#的最小点火能分别为70、90 m J和150 m J。将响应面法中的Box-Behnken试验设计应用于粉尘爆炸压力的测试,用20 L爆炸球进行试验,并从试验结果中拟合回归方程,由此判断出粉尘浓度对爆炸压力的影响最大,其次是点火能量,再次是粉尘粒径。对爆炸压力的试验条件进行优化,试验测得压力值为0.795 9 MPa,试验值与预测值之间的误差仅为1.28%,证明了该模型非常有效。