吸附法处理对苯二甲酸精制单元的废水

生产精对苯二甲酸(PTA)时,往往产生大量废水.在初步筛选实验条件的基础上,选择颗粒活性炭(GAC)作为吸附剂处理经过预处理的PTA精制废水.考察了接触时间、pH、GAC用量等因素对废水中有机污染物去除效果的影响.结果表明,吸附平衡时间为2 h,pH在3.0左右对吸附较为有利,吸附等温线符合Frendlich型,GAC的动态吸附容量为63.46 mg/g,可以用20%的NaOH溶液对GAC进行再生,浸泡5 h后的再生率接近90%.     

湿法冶金MVR废水中溶解性有机溶剂和萃取剂的去除

研究了不同种类颗粒活性炭(GAC)对湿法冶金MVR废水中特定有机物的去除效果和去除机理。结果表明:相比于Fenton法以及硅胶、硅藻土、膨润土吸附法,颗粒活性炭吸附法对废水中特定有机物的去除率最高,超过90%。GAC对废水中特定有机物的吸附符合Freundlich模型,属于优惠吸附。其中,优适煤制GAC的吸附能力最大,饱和吸附量达到35.98 mg/g(以TOC计),在最佳工况下其对有机物的去除率超过95%。     

有机高岭土在AEO-9/对硝基苯酚二元污染体系中的吸附研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）改性高岭土,研究其对模拟脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO-9）/对硝基苯酚废水中对硝基苯酚的吸附行为。结果表明,单一对硝基苯酚在有机高岭土上的吸附与溶液pH和对硝基苯酚溶液浓度密切相关;在二元体系中,溶液中共存AEO-9会降低有机高岭土对对硝基苯酚的吸附效果,对硝基苯酚与AEO-9产生竞争吸附,竞争作用的大小与溶液中对硝基苯酚与AEO-9的浓度比以及有机高岭土对污染物的吸附机制有关。     

污泥-稻壳颗粒生物炭对水中阿莫西林的吸附

以给水污泥与稻壳为主要原料，添加适量的聚乙烯醇、磷酸和海泡石，通过真空热解方式制备一种悬浮颗粒吸附材料，并将其用于模拟废水中阿莫西林的去除。通过批量吸附试验考察了吸附剂投加量、溶液pH、污染物初始浓度及吸附时间等参数对吸附效果的影响，通过等温吸附模型和动力学模型研究其吸附行为，并利用BET、XRD、SEM-EDS及FTIR探究吸附机理。结果表明，在阿莫西林初始浓度为40 mg/L、颗粒吸附材料投加量为6 g/L、pH为8、吸附时间为90 min、温度为25℃的条件下，溶液中阿莫西林最大去除率为77.98%。等温吸附曲线和吸附动力学结果表明，该吸附过程与Langmiur等温吸附模型、准二级动力学模型的拟合较好，表明吸附材料对阿莫西林的吸附过程主要为单分子层的化学吸附。微观分析表明，吸附材料主要是通过吸附材料表面的羧基或醛基吸附废水中阿莫西林。     

焦化废水的粉煤灰吸附及Fenton法再生研究

粉煤灰可以用来对焦化废水进行深度处理,吸附去除其中的有机污染物。本文研究了粉煤灰对焦化废水中的有机污染物的吸附特性,并运用Fenton法对吸附了有机污染物的粉煤灰再生性能进行了研究。结果表明：在10～40℃之间,粉煤灰对COD的吸附约60 min即可达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量随着温度的升高而下降,pH对吸附效果影响不大,吸附等温线符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附模型,吸附动力学符合Lagergren一级吸附速率方程。Fenton法再生的效果显著。当Fe2＋/H2O2=1︰3（摩尔比）,H2O2/COD=2︰3（质量比）,温度30℃,pH为5,Fenton氧化时间10 min,粉煤灰的再生率可达136%。     

影响活性炭吸附处理高盐有机废水性能的结构性因素探究

为阐明活性炭吸附废水中有机污染物在结构方面的关键影响因素，在对5种柱状活性炭开展FT-IR和N2等温吸脱附表征的基础上，以煤化工实际高盐有机废水为处理对象，通过静态吸附实验探究了具有不同孔隙结构特征的柱状活性炭的吸附行为，并进一步将这5种活性炭吸附性能的量化结果与孔隙结构特征逐一进行关联，线性拟合结果表明：柱状活性炭的介孔孔容及总孔容与其对有机物的平均吸附速率和吸附容量呈现良好的线性关系（R2>0.90），是影响吸附有机污染物能力的决定性结构因素；比表面积和平均孔径对吸附性能的影响依次减弱，而微孔孔容几乎无影响。本研究将有助于指导实际水处理过程筛选或研发高性能的活性炭吸附材料。     

电镀废水有机污染物去除方法研究进展

电镀废水中有机污染物来源主要有4个方面：电镀前处理、电镀处理、电镀后处理和退镀工序,讨论了有机污染物的去除方法（强化混凝法、吸附法、微电解法、Fenton氧化法、生化法和组合工艺）、处理现状,并对电镀废水中有机物处理前景进行了展望.     

焦化废水中有机污染物的光催化处理

采用TiO2与粉末活性炭复合光催化剂（TiO2/PAC）对焦化废水中多种有机污染物进行了光催化处理。研究表明,TiO2/PAC对焦化废水中多种有机污染物的光催化处理具有良好的协同效应。将TiO2进行稀土掺杂后,可提高RE-TiO2/PAC对焦化废水中有机物的吸附能力。进一步考察了复合催化剂浓度、废水初始pH值、有机物（COD）的初始浓度、气体流量对最佳光催化剂Nd-TiO2/PAC处理焦化废水的影响。对COD初始浓度为385 mg/L、初始pH值为9.82的焦化废水,在气体流量为0.093 L/(L·min)、催化剂浓度4.0 g/L的条件下,经Nd-TiO2/PAC光催化处理90 min后,废水中的COD去除率可达89 %。     

微波改性活性炭深度处理亚甲基蓝染料废水的研究

为提高粒状活性炭(GAC)的吸附效果,采用微波技术对GAC改性处理,并对GAC和微波改性活性炭(W-GAC)进行表征分析。将COD去除率作为吸附效果的评价指标,以亚甲基蓝溶液作为处理对象,考察了GAC与W-GAC对其吸附性能。结果表明:W-GAC的比表面积与总孔容略有减小,表面酸性含氧基团含量明显减少,碱性基团含量上升。活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝废水的吸附等温线与Langmuir方程拟合较好。     

有机污染物作为生物电化学系统电子供体研究进展

有机废水成分复杂,处理成本高,是污水处理研究领域的难题。不同于常规废水生化处理法,以有机污染物作为电子供体为特征的生物电化学系统能够有效降解有机污染物,同时回收有机污染物化学键中的化学能,实现废水能源化处理。综述了有机污染物作为生物电化学系统电子供体的研究进展,电子供体包括常规有机污染物、有毒有机污染物和新型污染物,并对其不足与发展前景进行了分析。     

颗粒活性炭催化臭氧氧化法降解焦化废水有机物

以COD和挥发酚作为焦化废水中有机物的指标,探讨了颗粒活性炭催化臭氧氧化法对有机物的处理效果、活性炭的催化效果和最佳投加量。结果表明添加颗粒活性炭能有效提高臭氧对焦化废水中的COD和挥发酚的降解效果,颗粒活性炭投加量为20g／L时,COD的去除率提高了20％。通过颗粒活性炭吸附试验可以明确颗粒活性炭在臭氧,活性炭系统中的主要作用是催化作用,活性炭的吸附作用只是催化反应的中间过程,基本不会影响有机物的最终去除率。活性炭投加量（10—25g／L）越大,其催化效果越好,但考虑到费用与效益,以20g／L为宜。活性炭作为催化剂重复使用四次后,其催化效果未明显下降。     

A comparison between catalytic ozonation and activated carbon adsorption/ozone-regeneration processes for wastewater treatment

Two methods based on the use of granular activated carbon (GAC) and ozone to remove organic compounds from water have been investigated. Both methods have been applied to degrade an aqueous solution of gallic acid and a secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). One of the methods, namely catalytic ozonation, implies simultaneous ozonation and adsorption onto GAC. This process takes advantage of the oxidizing power of ozone and the adsorption capacity of GAC but also of the catalytic transformation of ozone into secondary oxidants on the GAC surface. The efficiency of catalytic ozonation was compared to those of single adsorption and single ozonation. It was found that the catalytic process highly improves the conversion of total organic carbon (TOC) and makes a more efficient use of ozone than the single ozonation process. To illustrate the reusability of the catalyst, the GAC was reused four times through a series of consecutive experiments. No loss of catalytic activity was observed when treating the WWTP effluent but some deactivation could be appreciated when treating the aqueous solution of gallic acid. This deactivation could be attributed to some porosity destruction and surface oxidation produced as a result of reactions of aqueous ozone on the GAC surface. The other method investigated is an adsorption-regeneration process (namely GAC/O₃-regeneration) that comprises two steps: dynamic adsorption onto GAC and further regeneration of the spent GAC with gaseous ozone. The adsorption stage of the GAC/O₃-regeneration experiments was carried out in a continuous flow adsorption column and breakthrough curves were obtained. It was observed that the GAC used in this work adsorbed gallic acid very efficiently but exhibited limited capacity to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the WWTP effluent. The optimum ozone dose to regenerate the spent GAC after gallic acid adsorption was found to be about 0.4 g O₃/g GAC, with results showing around 90% regeneration efficiency. As a result of incomplete regeneration, the GAC adsorption capacity progressively decreased with the number of adsorption–regeneration cycles. The GAC/O₃-regeneration method was not successful at treating the WWTP effluent as low adsorption uptake was observed. Moreover, the GAC became damaged after regeneration because of excessive oxidation of its surface.     

生物活性炭深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用生物活性炭技术深度处理焦化厂生化后出水。结果表明,焦化厂生化后出水（COD为200mg／L、色度为900度）经生物活性炭处理后,COD降为46．9mg／L、色度降至25．8度,达到国家工业再生用水水质标准（COD小于60mg／L,色度小于30）;并与颗粒活性炭深度处理焦化废水相比,生物活性炭法处理焦化废水COD及色度的去除率分别提高了13．4％和5．2％,且生物活性炭使用寿命是颗粒活性炭的3．3倍,生物活性炭的吨水材料费为1．4元,比颗粒活性炭低3．26元。生物活性炭法是一种有效、低成本的焦化废水深度处理方法。     

微波辐射处理双酚A生产废水

采用微波辐射技术,建立了双酚A生产废水的处理工艺,以颗粒活性炭为催化剂,考察了废水初始浓度,活性炭用量,微波辐射功率,微波辐射时间等对废水处理效果的影响.结果表明,25mL的废水,在微波辐射功率800W,辐射时间14min的工艺条件下,活性炭用量3g时,在废水最大吸收波长处,废水A值的去除率为94%以上,COD的去除率为90%左右.初步探讨了微波处理此废水的作用机理,并进一步研究发现在最大吸收波长处的氧化过程基本符合一级反应动力学规律.     

Continuous flow removal of acid fuchsine by dielectric barrier discharge plasma water bed enhanced by activated carbon adsorption

Continuous processes which allow for large amount of wastewater to be treated to meet drainage standards while reducing treatment time and energy consumption are urgently needed. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma water bed system was designed and then coupled with granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption to rapidly remove acid fuchsine (AF) with high efficiency. Effects of feeding gases, treatment time and initial concentration of AF on removal efficiency were investigated. Results showed that compared to the N2 and air plasmas treatments, O2 plasma processing was most effective for AF degradation due to the strong oxidation ability of generated activated species, especially the OH radicals. The addition of GAC significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of AF in aqueous solution and shorten the required time by 50%. The effect was attributed to the ability of porous carbon to trap and concentrate the dye, increasing the time dye molecules were exposed to the plasma discharge zone, and to enhance the production of OH radicals on/in GAC to boost the degradation of dyes by plasma as well as in situ regenerate the exhausted GAC. The study offers a new opportunity for continuous effective remediation of wastewater contaminated with organic dyes using plasma technologies.     

活性炭处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水的静态研究

采用活性炭纤维(ACF)、粒状活性炭(GAC)、椰壳活性炭(椰壳AC)分别处理活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水。实验结果表明,在相同的活性炭用量下,吸附率顺序为:椰壳AC>ACF>GAC;温度10~50℃,吸附效率随温度升高而增大;溶液在弱酸性条件下,3种炭材料均有较好的吸附效果;随着染料溶液浓度的提高,脱色率是下降的;加热和微波均可使GAC和椰壳AC再生,而且再生后的吸附性能均基本可恢复到原来的100%,ACF经微波再生后,吸附量达原来的2.4倍。     

不同颗粒活性炭去除微污染水中有机物的性能研究

随着饮用水水质标准的不断提高,颗粒活性炭在水净化工艺中得到了广泛关注。选用不同类型的颗粒活性炭对去除微污染水中有机物的性能进行了研究。首先,通过静态吸附实验筛选出合适的活性炭炭种;然后,通过动态吸附实验考察了该活性炭在不同滤速下对于原水中CODMn,UV254及浊度的去除特性。结果表明山西的煤质颗粒活性炭在滤速15．59m／h时去除效果显著。     

Simultaneous pentachlorophenol decomposition and granular activated carbon regeneration assisted by microwave irradiation

This paper describes an integrated granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption/microwave (MW) irradiation process used for the treatment of high concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP) wastewater. Firstly, PCP in water was adsorbed onto GAC, then the PCP was decomposed and GAC regenerated by MW irradiation. The liquid and gas produced during irradiation were collected through condensing, and absorbed by a 0.1 mol l⁻¹ NaOH solution, respectively. The determination of the PCP concentrations in the distillate, absorption solution and GAC was accomplished by a HPLC. The results suggested that when irradiated with 850 W MW for 10 min, most of the PCP adsorbed by GAC and whatever fragments formed were decomposed to CO₂, H₂O and HCl or tightly bound to GAC, and less than 2% of PCP was transformed into intermediates in the distillate. Some dechlorination and dehydroxylation products were identified by the GC/MS analysis, and the degradation mechanism was proposed. It was also confirmed that GAC could be reused after several adsorption/MW regeneration cycles and its adsorption capacity could maintain a relatively high level, even higher than that of virgin GAC, as indicated by BET results, iodine values and PCP adsorption isotherms.     

活性炭纤维对有机废水的吸附研究

以碱性木质素为原料通过静电纺丝法制备得到活性炭纤维。采用比表面积及孔径分析仪对活性炭纤维进行表征分析,同时以该活性炭纤维为吸附剂对甲苯、甲醇和丙酮3种有机废水进行吸附法净化处理,结果表明该活性炭纤维的比表面积达到807.77 m~2/g,孔容为0.484 cm~3/g,中值孔径为2.11 nm;活性炭纤维对3种有机废水具有一定的吸附净化效果,3种有机物中甲苯的吸附最快,吸附量最大;对甲苯、甲醇和丙酮的最大吸附量分别是229.12、156.68和103.34 mg/g。3种有机废水的吸附动力学分析结果表明:活性炭纤维对甲苯、甲醇和丙酮的吸附数据分别与准二阶模型、Werber-Morris模型和准一阶模型具有较好的拟合相关性。     

活性炭纤维对Cu2+的吸附性能研究

活性炭纤维(ACF)作为一种新型活性炭吸附材料已引起了化学家们的极大关注。孔结构分析表明:活性炭纤维的孔径分布窄,孔径比较均匀。本文以活性炭纤维作为去除水中重金属离子Cu2+的吸附剂,吸附实验表明,活性炭纤维对Cu2+的最大吸附量为148.50mg.g-1,吸附平衡时间短,当接触时间为50min时,即可达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型。动态吸附结果表明,活性炭纤维对Cu2+的吸附量随着流速的增加而降低。