XML与功能块相结合的设备描述方案

针对现有的设备描述方案的复杂性和不可通用性,研究了基于XML的设备描述语言和应用于现场自动化的以太网标准(EPA)功能块,提出一种将设备描述语言和功能块相结合的设备描述新方法。将不同厂商生产的EPA设备的属性分为几大类,其中的功能属性按照功能块的结构划分,使模拟功能块的描述与现场设备功能块的描述相对应,并将这种方法应用到了EPAConfiguration组态软件中,实现了功能块和设备描述对现场设备的综合描述,有利于设备的管理和控制。     

基于IEC61131-3的PAS上位机软件的设计与实现

以IEC61131—3编程语言规范为基础,通过对软件模型及功能块图的分析,设计了基于IEC61131—3标准的上位机软件,给出了软件的整体架构、功能块库、控制策略编辑、编译和仿真模块的实现方法。通过对控制策略的软仿真,验证了该控制系统上位机软件设计的正确性和可靠性。     

细说IEC 61131-3(第六节)

在梯形图语言LD和功能块图语言FBD中，程序转移的控制是通过表1中的图形单元来完成的。     

基于AOV图和多叉树的功能块程序编译算法北大核心CSCD

针对可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的功能块(Function BlockDiagrams,FBD)程序指令类型多、串并联复杂和多重输出等问题,提出一种基于顶点活动图(Activity on Vertex,AOV)和多叉树的功能块程序编译算法。该算法将功能块程序映射为AOV图,首先用邻接表存储AOV图中的顶点信息和顶点之间的连接信息,对功能块程序进行语法检查,然后通过邻接表建立表示功能块间逻辑关系的多叉树,通过先根遍历算法遍历多叉树确定功能块执行顺序,最后按照遍历顺序和PLC指令结构将功能块程序转换成二进制代码,形成目标程序。该算法能将PLC支持的功能块指令程序编译为目标程序,具有通用性,已经成功应用在PLC开发平台软件PLC_Config中。     

PCS7自定义功能块在粘胶短纤维生产控制中的应用

本文阐述了西门子PCS7系统自定义功能块在粘胶化纤生产控制中的应用,利用面向对象的STEP7功能块（FB）编写专用的粘胶化纤工艺控制程序,以及如何利用SCL语言编写粘胶化纤工艺功能块的编写过程。     

集散控制系统中阀位监视以及局部开关综合应用

文中分析研究了集散控制应用系统中顺序控制的应用实例。并对特殊顺序控制16位阀位监视功能块VLVM和32点局部开关功能块LSW进行了分析研究和应用。对应用系统的实例给出了详细的程序设计分析。设计了控制回路图连接和顺序控制表的编写。对触点信号动作和限位开关的工作状态进行了说明。对特殊运用的顺序控制功能块的I/O连接、输出监视功能和16位阀位监视功能块详细定义均进行了明确的阐述。     

DCS中顺序控制功能块应用及综合设计

在集散控制系统中,控制功能的实现是依靠控制功能块正确使用和控制回路图的正确连接.文中分析研究了常用的顺序控制功能块即定时器和计数器.对连续控制中选择开关SW-33与顺序控制的综合应用进行了设计分析.编写了顺序控制表.并对集散控制系统中应用实例进行了控制方案实现和运算块程序设计.     

DCS中顺序控制功能块应用及综合设计

在集散控制系统中,控制功能的实现是依靠控制功能块正确使用和控制回路图的正确连接。文中分析研究了常用的顺序控制功能块即定时器和计数器。对连续控制中选择开关SW-33与顺序控制的综合应用进行了设计分析。编写了顺序控制表。并对集散控制系统中应用实例进行了控制方案实现和运算块程序设计。     

倍福安全PLC软件TwinCAT3

随着新一代TwinCAT3软件的推出，Beckho删观在已经能够提供一项可添加各项工程和Runtime功能的纯软件安全技术。灵活的选择编程语言概念增加了安全应用范围。除了为人们所熟悉的功能块图语言（FBD）之外，安全编程也能够使用高级C编程语言实现。     

多语言编程在高炉喷煤PLC控制系统中的应用

为了解决用梯形图语言编写顺序控制设备时所存在的编程复杂、理解困难等问题,引入PLC的顺序功能图来编程是一种非常有效的方法,该方法具有编程简单而且直观等特点。本文以某高炉喷煤系统单罐循环的控制为例,采用顺序功能图与梯形图、功能块图相结合的方法编写控制程序,与以往常用的梯形图、功能块图编程方法相比具有简单、直观、逻辑性强等特点,大大提高了编程的效率。     

Defining a test coverage criterion for model-level testing of FBD programs

ContextThe Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is being integrated into the automation and control of computer systems in safety–critical domains at an increasing rate. Thoroughly testing such software to ensure safety is crucial. Function Block Diagram (FBD) is a popular data-flow programming language for PLC. Current practice often involves translating an FBD program into an equivalent C program for testing. Little research has been conducted on coverage of direct testing a data-flow program, such as an FBD program, at the model level. There are no commonly accepted structural test coverage criteria for data-flow programs. The objective of this study is to develop effective structural test coverage criterion for testing model-level FBD programs. The proposed testing scheme can be used to detect mutation errors at the logical function level.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to design a new test coverage criterion that can directly test FBD programs and effectively detect logical function mutation errors.MethodA complete test set for each function and function block in an FBD program are defined. Moreover, this method augments the data-flow path concept with a sensitivity check to avoid fault masking and effectively detect logical function mutation errors.ResultsPreliminary experiments show that this test coverage criterion is comprehensive and effective for error detection.ConclusionThe proposed coverage criterion is general and can be applied to real cases to improve the quality of data-flow program design.     

组态软件Sccontrol在物料混合系统中的应用

本文以山东石大胜华化工股份有限公司DMC装置为例,介绍了这套JX-300X控制系统的配置和特点,另外介绍了其图形化组态软件SCcontrol在该装置原料配比混合上的应用,并且具体分析了应用FBD语言和SFC语言的设计程序。实践表明了该组态软件包可靠简便,具有较强的实用价值。     

Translation of IEC 61131-3 Function Block Diagrams to PVS for Formal Verification with Real-Time Nuclear Application

The trip computers for the two reactor shutdown systems of the Ontario Power Generation (OPG) Darlington Nuclear Power Generating Station are being refurbished due to hardware obsolescence. For one of the systems, the general purpose computer originally used is being replaced by a programmable logic controller (PLC). The trip computer application software has been rewritten using function block diagrams (FBDs), a commonly used PLC programming language defined in the IEC 61131-3 standard. The replacement project’s quality assurance program requires that formal verification be performed to compare the FBDs against a formal software requirements specification written using tabular expressions (TEs). The PVS theorem proving tool is used in formal verification. Custom tools developed for OPG are used to translate TEs and FBDs into PVS code. In this paper, we present a method to rigorously translate the graphical FBD language to a mathematical model in PVS using an abstract syntax to represent the FBD constructs. We use an example from the replacement project to demonstrate the use of the model to translate a FBD module into a PVS specification. We then extend that example to demonstrate the method’s applicability to a Simulink-based design.     

Comprehensive analysis of FBD test coverage criteria using mutants

Function block diagram (FBD), a graphical modeling language for programmable logic controllers, has been widely used to implement safety critical system software such as nuclear reactor protection systems. With the growing importance of structural testing for FBD models, structural test coverage criteria for FBD models have been proposed and evaluated using mutation analysis in our previous work. We extend the previous work by comprehensively analyzing the relationships among fault detection effectiveness, test suite size, and coverage level through several research questions. We generate a large number of test suites achieving an FBD test coverage ranging from 0 to 100 %, and we also generate many artificial faults (i.e. mutants) for the FBD models. Our analysis results show that the fault detection effectiveness of the FBD coverage criteria increases with increasing coverage levels, and the coverage criteria are highly effective at detecting faults in all subject models. Furthermore, the test suites generated with the FBD coverage criteria are more effective and efficient than the randomly generated test suites. The FBD coverage criteria are strong at detecting faults in Boolean edges, while relatively weak at detecting wrong constants in FBD models. Empirical knowledge regarding our experiments provide the validity of using the FBD coverage criteria, and therefore, of FBD model-based testing.     

Nonlinear model predictive control of a batch fluidized bed dryer for pharmaceutical particles

The availability of reliable online moisture content measurements exploiting near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometric tools allows the application of online control strategies to a wide range of drying processes in the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, drying of particles with a pilot-scale batch fluidized bed dryer (FBD) is studied using a in-line NIR probe. A consolidated phenomenological state-space model of an FBD based on mass and energy balances is calibrated applying a nonlinear least-square identification to experimental data (grey-box modeling). Then, relying on the calibrated model, a nonlinear model predictive controller and a moving horizon state estimator are designed. The objective is to reach a specific particle moisture content setpoint at the end of the drying batch while decreasing cycle time and limiting particle temperature. A penalty term on the energy consumption can also be added to the usual tracking control cost function. Compared to a typical FBD operation in industry (mostly open-loop), it is shown that the drying time and the energy consumption can be efficiently managed on the pilot-scale process while limiting various operation problems like under drying, over drying, or particles overheating.     

ECS-100在年产30万吨硫酸装置中的应用

针对ECS-100DCS系统在30万吨/年磺制酸工程中的成功应用,结合该工程控制系统的设计,简要介绍了ECS-100系统的技术特点,描述了控制系统的网络拓扑结构、硬件配置,特别对硫酸工艺的所有控制回路及工艺连锁作了详细介绍,其实现均采用ECS-100中符合IEC-61131标准的FBD,LD图形化组态方式。在实时监控层提出了流程图采用三维图形软件绘制底图的方法,监控界面软按钮功能的VBA实现,以及数据库标签变量报警区域的设计和标签点组应用。工程实际表明,ECS-100使用效果较好,特别是监控软件内嵌VBA脚本语言为用户开发更满意的人机界面提供了强大的工具。     

Honeywell R—150模块自动化系统和它的应用软件设计

本文介绍了Ｒ－１５０模块自动化系统的结构和基于它的工业控制组态软件的应用软件设计方法。这种组态软件应用于Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境,可编辑任意流程图并实现动态显示与动态数据交换（ＤＤＥ）,可进行各种控制算法组态,生成的应用软件可下装到控制器中,它具有功能强大,组态灵活与使用方便等特点。     

基于IEC61131-3的控制得法编辑器实现

分析了可编程控制器的编程标准IEC61131-3的软件模型,设计并实现了基于IEC61131-3标准的控制算法编辑器,给出其系统架构、数据交换机制以及实现方法。该控制算法编辑器实现了IEC61131-3的5种编程语言FBD、SFC、LD、STL、IL,支持子程序及自定义功能块,集编辑、编译、下载和调试功能于一体,实现在线下装和实时控制,已大量应用于工业现场。     

基于FBD语言的嵌入式控制软件的研究与实现

本文首先介绍了基于嵌入式计算机的开放式软PLC的发展趋势,然后研究应用VisualC 开发的基于FBD语言的嵌入式控制软件,并说明了软件核心框架和功能模块,最后以PID控制模块为例详细介绍了功能模块的程序实现、调试和使用方法。实践证明,该软件与嵌入式计算机结合,可以快速、方便地开发成各种用于现场数据采集、处理和过程控制的设备。     

工业控制软件仍将流行于模件性设计特点

本文就基于Windows操作系统的工业控制软件，从模块、动态数据交换（DDE）、对象链接与嵌入（OLE）、OPC、开放数据库链接以及相关宏语言编程等方面探讨了目前比较流行于模件性设计的工业控制软件的一些特点，有助于从事工业控制软件设计方面的应用。