脉冲电沉积RE-Ni-W-B-PTFE-Al2 O3复合镀层性能的研究

高性能复合镀层具有优良的耐磨、耐蚀性能,能满足工业生产对材料性能的要求.研究了脉冲电沉积RE-Ni-W-B-PTFE-Al2O3复合镀层的成分、形貌及性能.结果表明:脉冲电流及Al2O3固体颗粒能明显提高RE-Ni-W-B-PTFE-Al2O3复合镀层中W和B的含量;与直流电沉积相比,脉冲电沉积RE-Ni-W-B复合镀层的表面裂纹已明显减小,但裂纹仍存在,当Al2O3耐磨颗粒及PTFE减摩微粒嵌入RE-Ni-W-B复合镀层中以后,在SEM 400倍下观察,RE-Ni-W-B-PTFE-Al2O3镀层已不存在裂纹, 而且镀液中Al2O3颗粒含量越多,晶粒就越细;此外,研究表明,镀液中Al2O3颗粒含量增加, RE-Ni-W-B-PTFE-Al2O3复合镀层镀态硬度增加,磨损率降低.     

脉冲电沉积Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的性能

Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层具有良好的耐磨、耐腐蚀性能,但有关脉冲电沉积Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的报道较少.采用脉冲电沉积方法制备了Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层,研究了复合镀层的表面形貌、结构及其在5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,并对300,400,500℃热处理后的复合镀层的显微硬度进行了测试.结果表明:Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的耐蚀性优于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,但比Ni-P合金镀层差;随镀液中纳米Al2O3浓度增大,复合镀层的显微硬度提高,镀液中纳米Al2O3浓度为25.0 g/L时制得的复合镀层的硬度为685.5 HV;Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层经400℃热处理后硬度最高.     

喷射电沉积Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层的组织及性能

利用喷射电沉积工艺制备了Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层,分析了纳米Al2O3颗粒添加量、阴极电流密度以及电解液喷射速度对复合镀层中纳米颗粒含量的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)以及X-射线衍射仪对复合镀层的微观形貌进行了分析,研究了复合镀层中纳米颗粒含量对其显微硬度、结合强度、耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明,镍沉积层具有纳米晶微观结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为50nm;纳米Al2O3颗粒在沉积层中的含量可达12.2at%;随Al2O3含量的提高,镀层显微硬度逐渐提高,结合强度和耐腐蚀性先提高后有所降低。     

Ni-Al2O3 镶嵌镀工艺及镀层性能研究

介绍了Ni-Al2O3耐磨复合镀层的制备工艺，讨论了工艺参数对镀层质量的影响。结果表明，镀层中Ni-Al2O3的复合量随电流密度增加、电镀时间的延长和镀液温度的升高而升高，镀层的硬度、耐磨性也随之升高，复合量为70％Al2O3时的镀层耐磨性优于镀纯铁层；此外，镀层具有高的耐蚀性。     

电泳-电沉积Ni-Al2O3纳米复合层的微观结构及性能

为了改善纳米复合镀层的物理、力学性能,以电泳-电沉积工艺制备了具有较高纳米Al2O3含量的Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层.用SEM、TEM、显微硬度计等对复合镀层的表面微观形貌、显微硬度以及耐磨性能进行了分析;探讨了电泳液中α-Al2O3微粒浓度、电沉积电流密度对复合镀层表面微观形貌、显微硬度及其与基体的结合力的影响.结果表明:α-Al2O3纳米粒子弥散分布于镀层之中,并对基质金属晶粒产生细化作用;电泳液中α-Al2O3微粒浓度对复合镀层表面微观形貌影响较大,电沉积电流密度对微观形貌无明显影响;随着电泳液微粒浓度和电沉积电流密度的增大,复合镀层显微硬度均呈下降趋势,在电泳液微粒浓度8 g/L,电沉积电流密度0.5A/dm2时,复合镀层具有最大显微硬度442 HV,较纯镍镀层有明显提高.镀层中微粒体积分数约为30％时,镀层的耐磨性能及与基体的结合性能最为优异.     

双脉冲电沉积Ni-SiC复合镀层的摩擦学性能

双脉冲电沉积法制备的镀层比直流电沉积层在硬度、应力、耐蚀性方面更佳,目前就双脉冲法制备的Ni-SiC复合镀层的摩擦学行为的研究较少.为此,利用直流和双脉冲2种电沉积方法制备了Ni-SiC复合镀层,研究了加入SiC颗粒对2种复合镀层微观结构和室温干摩擦条件下磨损性能的影响,并将两者进行比较.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)检测了镀层的微观结构,通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了镀层的磨损表面,分析了磨损机理.结果表明:脉冲方法能够更有效地提高镀层硬度,降低宏观残余应力,随着SiC颗粒含量的增加,Ni-SiC复合镀层的摩擦系数减小,磨损率降低.     

氨基磺酸盐复合镀Ni-Al2O3

为了探讨镍基亚微米Al2O3复合共沉积过程中镀液中Al2O3分散量和电流密度对镀层中Al2O3复合量的影响,以及加入Al2O3颗粒和阳离子表面活性剂对阴极极化的影响,研究了氨基磺酸镍溶液中添加亚微米级Al2O3颗粒形成Ni-Al2O3复合镀层的共沉积过程,并分析了各参量之间的相互关系.结果表明:镍基亚微米Al2O3的共沉积符合两步吸附机理,且强吸附步骤为控制步骤;提高电沉积的阴极极化对亚微米在镀层中的复合有促进作用.     

化学镀Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层结构及性能研究

通过化学复合镀工艺制备了Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对复合镀层的表面形貌及结构进行了测试,研究了纳米Al2O3添加剂、Al2O3复合量质量分数、热处理等工艺条件对Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层结构与性能的影响.结果表明,Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性高于Ni-P合金镀层,而且随着Al2O3复合量的增大镀层硬度和耐磨性增加.当纳米Al2O3复合量质量分数为10.1%时,Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的硬度较Ni-P合金镀层增大28%,磨损失重减少20%以上.400℃热处理后,复合镀层结构由非晶态转变为晶态,镀层硬度由570 HV增大到1 185 HV,耐磨性也进一步提高.     

Ni-纳米Al2O3复合镀层结构和耐磨性能研究

采用复合电镀技术通过向电镀溶液中加入平均粒度为90nm的Al2O3粉,在Ni基材上制备了Ni-纳米Al2O3复合镀层,应用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(EDAX)及透射电镜(TEM)等手段对复合镀层的表面形貌和结构进行了表征,并通过试验考察了镀层的磨损性能.结果表明,纳米Al2O3颗粒均匀分布在Ni纳米晶中;纳米Al2O3颗粒的加入不仅细化了基体Ni的晶粒尺寸,而且还具有弥散强化作用,从而提高了Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性能.     

超声电沉积法制备Ni-Y_2O_3纳米复合镀层的工艺

Y2O3-Ni复合电沉积层性能优异,用途颇多,但目前有关这方面的研究报道较少.采用超声波技术电沉积制备了Ni-Y2O3纳米复合镀层,考察了制备工艺参数对复合镀层中Y2O3含量和镀层硬度的影响,采用环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)对纳米复合镀层的表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明,Y2O3添加量20g/L、Jc 2 A/dm2、超声波功率300 W时,复合镀层的表面组织均匀致密、晶粒细小且显微硬度较高;超声波空化作用产生的微射流可以减少纳米颗粒团聚,提高镀层的性能.     

Plasma spraying of Al2O3 and Al2O3Y2O3

A microstructural study has been carried out of plasma-sprayed Al₂O₃ and mixed and sintered Al₂O₃Y₂O₃. In order to ascertain the degree of metastability achieved by plasma spraying, these results are compared with a similar experiment utilizing a CO₂ laser for melting and the hammer-and-anvil technique for quenching of the same materials. X-ray diffraction methods were used to determine the obtained phases and crystal structures. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the phases present and to study their morpology. The porosity was studied with both mercury intrusion porosimetry and small angle neutron scattering. The addition of Y₂O₃ is shown to decrease the porosity from 15% to 7.5%. Adhesion is likewise related to the addition of Y₂O₃ and it is seen that adhesion of the mixture is measurably improved over that of pure Al₂O₃. The implication of these results is discussed.     

Surface tension of PbO-B2O3 and Bi2O3-B2O3 glass melts

The surface tensions of xPbO-(100?x) B₂O₃ (x = 30–80 mol%) and xBi₂O₃-(100?x) B₂O₃ (x = 0–100 mol%) melts were measured using the ring method over the temperature range 973 to 1373 K. The compositional and temperature dependences of surface tension were investigated. Addition of PbO and Bi₂O₃ to B₂O₃ increased the surface tensions of their respective PbO-B₂O₃ and Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ melts. The surface tension showed a maximum at 60 mol% PbO in the PbO-B₂O₃ melts and at 70–80 mol% Bi₂O₃ in the Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ melts. The temperature coefficient of surface tension was examined on the basis of its relationship to the structure, and it was suggested that the temperature coefficient of surface tension decreases with an increasing content of four-coordinated boron.     

Microstructure and Strength of Al2O3/Al2O3 Joints Bonded with ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic

ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 （ZABS） glass powder was used as interlayer to join alumina ceramics. The effect of joining temperature on the microstructure and strength of joints was investigated. The results showed that the ZABS glass can react with alumina substrate to form a layer of ZnAl2O4 at Al2O3/glass interface. Bending test exhibited that low joining temperature （1150℃） led to low joint strength due to the formation of pores in the interlayer, originated by high viscosity of the glass. High joining temperature （1250 ℃） also resulted in low joint strength, because of large CTE （coefficient of thermal expansion） mismatch between amorphous interlayer and alumina substrate. Therefore, only when the joining temperature was appropriate （1200℃）, defect-free interface and high joint strength can be obtained. The optimum joint strength reached 285 MPa, which was the same as the base material strength.     

Preparation of pressureless-sintered SiC-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering additives were prepared from aluminium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide. These additives were soluble in water and resulted in a binder. A -SiC powder was mixed with the additive solution and sintered at 2150° C without pressure. The oxides formed from the additive promoted sintering. The sintered body contained no pores. Aluminium, silicon, and yttrium oxide were precipitated in the sintered body.     

Some physical properties of V2O5-Fe2O3 and V2O5-Fe2O3-Li2O systems

Various methods have been used to study the physical properties of the V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ and V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃-Li₂O systems, including X-ray, electron microscope, Mössbauer effect, NMR and thermogravimetric measurements. The iron ions are approximately equally distributed in substitutional and interstitial sites in the V₂O₅ lattice. The maximum number of iron ions dissolved in the V₂O₅ matrix corresponds to 4 mol % Fe₂O₃. In all the samples a quantity of Fe₂O₃ which has not been included in lattice is observed. The V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ and V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃-Li₂O systems are formed from solid solutions mixed with very small Fe₂O₃ particles. The analysis of the charge compensation of iron ions suggests that V₂O₅ is a quasi-amorphous semiconductor. Irradiation of V₂O₅-based samples with an electron beam induces the V₂O₅ platelets to convert to the VO _x phase.