A new latency-reducing and energy-efficient protocol for the wireless sensor network

This paper introduces a new protocol routing medium access control (RMAC) that integrates the routing and medium access control (MAC) layer protocol. They can both reduce latency and save energy in the wireless sensor network (WSN) while most others propose protocols that sacrifice latency for energy. To make RMAC fit WSN better, we designed an easy and efficient routing protocol base station flooding (BSF) and then integrated it with a MAC protocol timing out MAC (TMAC) [1], while traditionally BSF and TMAC work separately at two layers. We call this two-layer protocol (TLP). We theoretically proved the advantages of RMAC over TLP and evaluated RMAC over NS-2. The simulation results show that RMAC spends half the latency of TLP, as well as consumes less energy than TLP.     

无线传感器网络能量改进路由算法研究

基于能量多路径路由协议和LEACH路由协议的大多数成簇算法是概率选择,在一定程度上会加速局域内节点能量过早消耗完,影响网络的性能。结合能量感知多路径和LEACH路由算法,提出一种能量高效的改进路由算法,从节点能量消耗角度出发,根据节点与汇聚节点之间的距离、网络中所有存活的节点到汇聚节点的平均距离以及该节点当前剩余能量值来确定簇头选择的能量阈值,并依据该值进行路由选择。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够提高网络整体性能,有效延长网络节点的生命周期。     

基于需求侧博弈的区域综合能源服务商最优运营策略

为了提高综合能源服务商运营服务的高效性、清洁性和经济性,提出了一种基于需求侧博弈的综合能源服务商最优运营策略。通过对综合能源服务商模型的分析,以用户能源消耗量确定系统碳排放量,建立了区域综合能源服务商碳排放模型,确定了园区的碳排放量。在此基础上,考虑了用户对用能成本波动的可承受能力和服务商应对用户用能变化的风险成本,分别以综合能源服务商全天利润最大、用户用能成本最小为目标函数,建立了综合能源服务商-多用户博弈优化模型。采用迭代搜索法得到纳什均衡解,从而确定服务商最优运营策略。最后以典型工业园区为例对所提策略进行仿真验证。结果表明,所研究的服务商运营策略有效降低了系统碳排放量,提高了综合能源服务商的经济效益和用户满意度。     

Contact modeling and prediction-based routing in sparse mobile networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) provide highly robust and self-configuring network capacity required in many critical applications, such as battlefields, disaster relief, and wild life tracking. In this paper, we focus on efficient message forwarding in sparse MANETs, which suffers from frequent and long-duration partitions. Asynchronous contacts become the basic way of communication in such kind of network instead of data links in traditional ad-hoc networks. Current approaches are primarily based on estimation with pure probability calculation. Stochastic forwarding decisions from statistic results can lead to disastrous routing performance when wrong choices are made. This paper introduces a new routing protocol, based on contact modeling and contact prediction, to address the problem. Our contact model focuses on the periodic contact pattern of nodes with actual inter-contact time involved, in order to get an accurate realization of network cooperation and connectivity status. The corresponding contact prediction algorithm makes use of both statistic and time sequence information of contacts and allows choosing the relay that has the earliest contact to the destination, which results in low average latency. Simulation is used to compare the routing performance of our algorithm with three other categories of forwarding algorithm proposed already. The results demonstrate that our scheme is more efficient in both data delivery and energy consumption than previously proposed schemes.     

IoT enabled lung cancer detection and routing algorithm using CBSOA-based ShCNN

The Internet of Things (IoT) has tremendously spread worldwide, and it influenced the world through easy connectivity, interoperability, and interconnectivity using IoT devices. Numerous techniques have been developed using IoT-enabled health care systems for cancer detection, but some limitations exist in transmitting the health data to the cloud. The limitations can be accomplished using the proposed chronological-based social optimization algorithm (CBSOA) that effectively transmits the patient's health data using IoT network, thereby detecting lung cancer in an effective way. Initially, nodes in the IoT network are simulated such that patient's health data are collected, and for transmission of such data, routing is performed in order to transmit the health data from source to destination through a gateway based on cloud service using CBSOA. The fitness is newly modeled by assuming the factors like energy, distance, trust, delay, and link quality. Finally, lung cancer detection is carried out at the destination point. At the destination point, the acquired input data is fed to preprocessing phase to make the data acceptable for further mechanism using data normalization. Once the feature selection is done using Canberra distance, then the lung cancer detection is performed using shepard convolutional neural network (ShCNN). The process of routing as well as training of ShCNN is performed using the CBSOA algorithm, which is devised by the inclusion of the chronological concept into the social optimization algorithm. The proposed approach has achieved a maximum accuracy of 0.940, maximum sensitivity of 0.941, maximum specificity of 0.928, and minimum energy of 0.452.     

一种基于地址划分的无线传感网络高能效协议

针对工业应用的无线传感器网络中传感器节点相对固定、且传输的数据量一般不同的情况,为平衡各节点的能耗,延长网络生存周期,提出了一种基于地址划分的高能效协议。该协议采用了分簇结构,并且极大地简化了簇建立的过程,消除了簇头建立过程产生的网络延时。同时,该协议合理地分配了不同传感器节点的工作量,延长了网络生存周期。     

一种有效的具有负载意识的按需路由协议

移动Ad hoc网络是由一组无线移动终端构成的临时性网络,不依赖于固定的基站或现有的有线骨干网。由于网络拓扑结构动态变化的特性和网络资源的有限性,开发一种性能优越的Ad hoc网络路由协议是一项具有挑战意义的工作。在本论文中,提出了一种有效的具有负载意识的按需驱动路由方案。该方案将网络负载信息作为路由选路的主要标准。对提出的方案作了仿真,并且和Dynamic Source Routing（DSR）协议进行了比较。结果表明网络负载在总体上得到了平衡,包传递率和平均端到端时延的性能也得到了有效的改善。     

基于SEP协议改进的最优稳定选举算法

针对二级初始能量异构的无线传感器网络运行过程中出现的节点能耗不均衡和网络稳定生命周期较短问题,基于SEP协议,考虑节点和簇头能量因素,以及结合节点和簇头的数据传输距离因素,提出一种改进的稳定选举路由算法(E-SEP),分析了算法本身在不同高级节点占比和不同总结点数量下的性能,并与低功耗自适应集簇分层-确定性簇头选取(L...     

Perfor mance of a QoS-based multiple-route ad hoc on-demand distance vector protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

This paper proposes a quality of service based multiple-route ad hoc on-demand distance vector (QoS-MRAODV) routing protocol for achieving and maintaining QoS in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The QoS-MRAODV protocol supports one active QoS-based primary route and several backup routes to provide hot standby redundancy against frequent route failures that are prevalent in MANETs. Results from extensive performance simulation of the QoS-MRAODV protocol demonstrate that it is indeed a viable protocol for achieving and maintaining QoS support in MANETs, providing the additional benefits of fast route discovery time and low routing overhead without a significant increase in end-to-end packet delay.     

用于LED灯泡等应用的NCL3008x高能效初级端稳流方案

随着高亮度白光LED技术不断改进,LED灯具的能效大幅提升,使用寿命也得到延长,将广泛取代白炽灯进入通用照明领域。安森美半导体针对交流供电LED照明应用,开发了专有的初级端恒流控制技术,并应用在NCL3008x系列现有的4款高能效谐振模式初级端控制器上。这系列产品提供多种应用优势,能够帮助设计减少元件数量、提升能效,且提供优化的功能组合,以应对客户不同应用需求。     

基于无线传感网技术的智能图像传输系统

针对无4G信号、布线困难、无人值守的偏远山区输电线路监测,无线传输一直存在困难,对于数据量较大的图像数据更难。本文设计并实现了一种高压输电线路监测的智能无线图像传感器网络传输系统,运用嵌入式研发技术和无线传感网技术实现图像传输。在传统的无线传感网基础上,针对图像数据大,通信过程中容易引起干扰,设计了依据接收端信号强度RSSI值进行自适应数据分包协议;为了优化传输路由和增加传输系统的冗余性,设计了智能路由传输协议。实验测试和仿真结果表明,自适应数据分包协议能根据不同的误码率大小自适应调整分包数,减少重传的概率,从而提高传输效率;智能动态路由传输协议可以快速找到最近的4G信号节点,节省传输时间和能量损耗,其中的跳传功能在减少传输时间的同时,增加了传输系统的冗余性,达到设计目的。     

电动汽车电池组智能管理及其无线传感器网络路由协议

针对电动汽车智能充换电业务中动力电池组在仓储、配送和充电等环节的信息采集和管理需求,提出了基于无线传感器网络(WSN)和射频识别(RFID)的智能电池组技术,设计了充换电业务的物联网3层架构模型。提出了含智能感知模块的智能电池组管理系统(BMS)结构设计,介绍了充换电站智能电池组全景数据采集实施方法。针对充换电站中仓储及充电位置固定的特点,重点提出了适用于智能电池组的WSN核心路由算法:一种基于虚拟网格的分簇多跳路由协议,从拓扑控制和路由算法两方面给出了协议的框架以及网络分簇、簇头选取、路由维护和数据传输的机制。利用OMNet++仿真工具对协议进行了仿真,证明了所述路由算法能够有效延长智能电池组WSN的生命周期。     

变电站直流电源远程监测系统及APP应用

为了解决变电站直流电源设备通信协议不统一的问题,采用通信协议转换的方法将不同厂家设备的通信数据进行转换,统一上传,并通过APP实现数据展示和客户的应用。将采集设备和APP通过协议转换的方式组成直流电源远程监测系统,实现对变电站直流电源的智能监测。实验表明:所设计的远程监测系统可以及时有效地将变电站直流电源系统的信息反馈至APP用户端,具有很强的通用性,对变电站的安全运行和高效维护具有重要的实用价值。     

基于能量的非完全分簇路由算法

针对LEACH算法中节点能量消耗过快而容易死亡、簇头选举机制不合理及稳定周期短等问题,为提高网络稳定性,有效利用节点能量,提出了一种非完全分簇路由算法。该算法考虑节点剩余能量来选举簇头,利用基站能量充足的优势,建立非完全分簇,采用平面路由和分簇路由相结合的方式来实现数据传输,以均衡网络负载。仿真结果表明,该算法对比LEACH,网络稳定周期延长了29.48%,稳定周期占网络生命周期比例提高至72.53%,网络性能更优。     

The INIM system: in-service non-intrusive monitoring for QoS-enabled transparent WDM

This paper presents the design and experimental implementation of an in-service performance monitoring system that uses a combination of non-intrusive spectral optical performance monitoring and Internet protocol (IP) metrics and is based on a low-complexity, distributed architecture. Apart from guaranteeing QoS in real time (less than 1 s) in an IP/wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) dynamic network, the system provides link-state information for impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment. Another novel aspect is the nature of the service level agreements proposed, which are "all-optical" (transparent). Performance delays of the system are evaluated in a real test bed featuring dense WDM and transparent optical add-drop multiplexers. Strategies to estimate link-state parameters from real-time monitoring information are also proposed.     

移动AODV协议的优化设计与仿真测试

AODV采用按需的方式建立路由,从而相对其他MANET路由协议来说在能耗和开销方面都有较大的改善.但该协议在寻径过程中仅凭序列号来决定最佳路由,当序列号相同时则采用跳数最小的方式来确定最佳路由.无形中会使得某些次优路由被丢弃,从而增加了数据传输的时延.针对这一问题,提出来一个改进方法,在改进的协议中,源节点在序列号相同的情况下,同时保留最佳路由和次优路由以备不时之需.仿真结果表明改进的协议和原协议相比,降低了端到端的延时,更适合实时性要求高的应用.     

考虑移动充电车路径选择和能源补给的充电服务一体化经济调度

针对移动充电服务运营中车辆路径选择和能源补给缺乏科学的调度模型和工具作为指导的问题,提出了移动充电服务两过程一体化经济调度模型与方法。分析了移动充电服务运营模式。考虑动态路网和移动充电车的可复用性,构建了以物流成本最小为目标、以时间窗等为约束的车辆路径选择模型。考虑离散化的电池组荷电状态,构建了以充电成本最小为目标、以充电机数量等为约束的电池组有序充电整数规划模型。以移动充电车作为2个过程耦合的载体,构建了移动充电服务一体化经济调度模型,并采用遗传算法嵌套lpsolve工具箱对模型进行求解。通过算例对比分析验证了所提模型和算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于HOMER和禁忌算法的高速公路光储充一体化电站容量优化

为充分利用清洁能源、减少快充电站对电网的冲击,针对并网状态下的高速公路光伏充电站提出了一种容量分级优化策略。首先,分析了光伏充电站容量优化模型及充电需求模型,提出用基于时刻充电概率的蒙特卡洛法进行高速公路充电站的负荷预测,得到充电需求曲线;在综合考虑生命周期内建设成本、运行成本、置换成本、环境成本等系统净现总成本TNPC （total net present cost）小和光伏供电比高的基础上,考虑混合储能,建立了高速公路光伏充电站容量分级优化配置模型,利用HOMER和禁忌算法相结合进行求解。最后,以周期25年使用寿命为例,对高速公路光伏充电站进行优化配置,从容量变化趋势及储能出力等方面进行分析,结果表明,当敏感变量售电量增大和最大容量缺额比减小时,系统配置容量将增大;混合储能比单一储能更加可靠和经济。     

Introduction feasibility of DHC with CGS in commercial and residential sectors viewed from energy saving effect in whole energy system in japan

District Heating and Cooling (DHC) combined with a Cogeneration System (CGS) is one of the most efficient ways to supply energy to the commercial and residential sectors. This paper discusses the feasibility of introducting DHC from the viewpoint of the overall energy saving effect in Japan's energy system as a whole. Although DHC is efficient for congested areas such as urban business centers, these areas are limited in capacity and number. In our evaluation of the feasibility of introducing DHC, we consider the energy demand density profiles of Japan's commercial and residential sectors in order to determine the installed DHC capacity that is optimal for meeting the growth of energy demand. This paper also discusses operating patterns of CGS and of boilers in DHC. In order to improve the efficiency of individual DHC facilities, CGS should be operated so as to satisfy heating demand, resulting in a low annual load factor. On the other hand, the overall efficiency of the energy system requires an improvement of the overall load factor of CGS, which is achievable by combined use of CGS and boilers. Operation of CGS in this manner improves the feasibility of the introduction of DHC. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(2): 31–42, 2000     

低压居民用户停电事件实时上报方法研究

本文提出了一种基于双模通信单元（微功率无线通信+窄带载波通信）实现低压居民用户停电事件实时上报的方法。通过对安装在智能电能表中的通信单元进行硬件电路改造、采集系统通信协议扩展及采集设备软件升级的方式,在故障停电时,通信单元立即生成智能电能表的停电事件并进行主动上报。本文同时提出一种防误报和防冲突的上报策略,使单户停电和台区停电均能得到高效上报,实现供电故障主动抢修,提升供电服务水平。