玄武岩纤维的性能及应用

玄武岩纤维是具有良好力学性能、电学性能、热学性能,可应用于过滤、吸波吸音、水处理及复合材料的增强材料等方面的无机连续纤维,较其他高性能纤维,价格低,在防护、汽车船舶工业、土木建筑等领域替换部分高性能纤维,降低成本.综述了玄武岩纤维在化学性能、热学、力学性能、电磁学性能上最新的研究及应用.     

Synthesis and biochemical properties of fluorescent/magnetic bifunctional starch particles

Magnetic starch particles(MSPs) were synthesized in water-in-oil microemulsion at room temperature.MSPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR),zeta potential system,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM).The average diameter of the MSPs was 220 nm,dispersed with well-proportioned size and magnetic resonance,the saturation magnetization was 3.64 A·m2/kg.MSP was coated with poly-L-lysine(PLL),and then the surfac...     

油水煤浆三元混合体系的制备及特性研究

研制了油、水、煤组成的三元混合燃料——油水煤浆 ,并研究了体系组成、温度、分散剂种类及用量对油水煤浆流变性的影响 ,探讨了油水煤浆的静态稳定性和燃烧特性 .测试并分析了体系的静态稳定性 ,考察了浆体的燃烧特性 .结果表明 :三相体系中存在某种立体网状结构 ,从而使浆体的静态稳定性得到提高 ;它的燃烧性能良好 ,火焰明亮而且稳定 ,燃烧效率高 .可以看出这种浆体的工业应用前景广阔 .     

高压下BaF_2相变及光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理赝势方法研究了高压下BaF2的晶体结构,结果表明在高压下BaF2将发生相变,依次为常压立方相、正交相、六角相.电子结构的研究表明,对于立方相和正交相,带隙随着压强的增加而增加,高压六角相带隙随压强增加而减小,但3个高压相均呈现出非金属性.最后,讨论了高压下BaF2的光学性质.     

Microwave absorbing properties and magnetic properties of different carbon nanotubes

The microwave absorbing properties and magnetic properties of as-grown Fe-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), annealed Fe-filled CNTs, and multi-walled CNTs were studied. Vibrating sample magnetometer results showed that the annealed Fe-filled CNTs have the weakest coercivity and strongest saturation magnetization among the three types CNTs, due to the presence of more ferromagnetic α-Fe nanowires. After annealing, the values increased to 291.0 Oe and 28.0 emu/g and the samples showed excellent microwave absorbing properties. The reflection loss was over 5 dB between 11.6 GHz and 18 GHz with a maximum value of 10.8 dB for annealed Fe-filled CNTs (1.1 wt%)/epoxy composite.     

发泡聚氨酯的制备及吸声性能

为降低噪声污染对环境的影响,本实验通过热压发泡法制备了吸声性能良好的发泡聚氨酯材料。研究了发泡剂用量对发泡聚氨酯的泡孔结构、吸声性能和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:发泡聚氨酯材料内部随发泡剂添加量的增加逐渐产生闭孔、开孔等孔隙结构,丰富的孔隙结构具有较好的吸声效果。其中发泡剂质量分数为18%的发泡聚氨酯材料吸声效果较好,平均吸声系数为0.447。但发泡聚氨酯材料中泡孔结构使其内部结构变得疏松,导致其阻尼性能下降。     

Synthesis and characterization of soluble aromatic azopolyamides containing sulfone and ether units

A series of new polyamides 3a–d containing aryl-azo, ether and sulfone groups in the main chain were synthesized from bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl sulfone] 1 and several azo aromatic diacyl chlorides 2a–d by the low temperature solution polycondensation technique. FTIR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analyses confirmed the structure of these polymers. Owing to the aryl and amide groups in the main chain, these polymers exhibit photochromic properties as well as excellent thermal stabilities. The transition temperatures (T _g) are between 242 and 265 °C, and the char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere were above 39%. Based on incorporation of flexible ether linkages and polar sulfone groups, the polyamides show desirable solubility in organic solvents such as DMAc, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrroidinone (NMP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). And it is exemplified that polyamide containing 2 and 2′ substitutes performed better solubility. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50572081)     

淀粉基/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

以淀粉和聚乙烯醇为主要原料,丙三醇为增塑剂,通过流延成膜法制备淀粉基/聚乙烯醇生物薄膜.考察了料液浓度、原料配比及增塑剂含量对复合薄膜力学性能、耐油性能以及结晶性能的影响.研究结果表明:复合薄膜的最佳料液浓度为7.5%;聚乙烯醇的含量越高,共混膜的综合性能越好;当淀粉、聚乙烯醇与增塑剂的质量比为6∶6∶4时,制备的淀粉基/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的力学性能最好,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到13.3MPa和160%;偏光显微镜测试结果表明其相应材料的结晶性能最佳.     

Effects of bioleaching on the mechanical and chemical properties of waste rocks

Bioleaching processes cause dramatic changes in the mechanical and chemical properties of waste rocks,and play an important role in metal recovery and dump stability.This study focused on the characteristics of waste rocks subjected to bioleaching.A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of rock properties during the bioleaching process.Mechanical behaviors of the leached waste rocks,such as failure patterns,normal stress,shear strength,and cohesion were determined through mechanical tests.The results of SEM imaging show considerable differences in the surface morphology of leached rocks located at different parts of the dump.The mineralogical content of the leached rocks reflects the extent of dissolution and precipitation during bioleaching.The dump porosity and rock size change under the effect of dissolution,precipitation,and clay transportation.The particle size of the leached rocks decreased due to the loss of rock integrity and the conversion of dry precipitation into fine particles.     

含纳米SiO2锂基润滑脂流变学与摩擦学性能

利用SG65三辊研磨机制备了含不同粒径和不同质量浓度SiO₂纳米颗粒的锂基润滑脂. 通过MRS-1J机械式四球长时抗磨损试验机及安东帕MCR301流变仪研究了SiO₂纳米颗粒作润滑脂添加剂的摩擦学性能和流变学性能. 结果表明,SiO₂纳米颗粒粒径为30 nm、质量浓度为4%时润滑脂摩擦学系数最小,抗磨减摩性能最好. 在中低剪切速率下对流变试验数据进行拟合,提出了含纳米颗粒质量浓度参数的润滑脂改进型流变模型. SiO₂纳米添加剂可改善锂基润滑脂触变性,提高润滑脂抗剪切能力和热稳定性能.     

Electronic and optical properties of anion-doped c-ZrO_2 from first-principles calculations

Using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory（DFT）,the structure stability,electronic and some optical properties of C and N doped cubic ZrO2（c-ZrO2） in 24-atom systems were investigated.It is found from the formation energies calculations that N ions are easier to be doped into c-ZrO2 than C ions.The electronic structure results show that Zr8O15C and Zr8O15N systems are semiconductors with the band gap of 2.3 eV and 2.8 eV,respectively,which are lower than that of the pure ZrO2（3.349 eV）.And optical properties results depict that anion doping,especially C adding,can enhance the static dielectric function,visible and ultraviolet light absorption and reflecting ability of c-ZrO2 crystal.     

水与蒸汽热物理特性的计算与分析

采用国际最新的水与蒸汽标准──ＩＡＰＷＳ－９７计算水与蒸汽的黏度、导热系数、定压比热、比容等热物理特性参数,并与ＩＦＣ－６７的计算结果相比较;分析了２个标准在临界压力区,３００～６００℃的温度范围内,工质热物理特性计算值的差别：说明了ＩＡＰＷＳ－９７只有更高的计算精度,尤其是在临界压力区两个标准的差别较大。     

Effect of microstructure on the mechanical,thermal, and electronic property measurement ofceramic coatings

Ceramic materials were investigated as thermal barrier coatings and electrolytes. Electrophoretic deposition（EPD） and physical vapor deposition（PVD） were employed to fabricate samples, and the mechanical properties and microstructure were examined by nanoindentation and microscopy, respectively. Yttria-stabilized zirconia/alumina（YSZ/Al2O3） composite coatings, a candidate for thermal barrier coatings, yield a kinky, rather than smooth, load–displacement curve. Scanning electron microscope（SEM） examination reveals that the kinky curve is because of the porous microstructure and cracks are caused by the compression of the indenter. Li0.34La0.51 Ti O2.94（LLTO） on Si/Sr Ru O3（Si/SRO） substrates, an ionic conductor in nature, demonstrates electronic performance. Although SEM images show a continuous and smooth microstructure, a close examination of the microstructure by transmission electron microscopy（TEM） reveals that the observed spikes indicate electronic performance. Therefore, we can conclude that ceramic coatings could serve multiple purposes but their properties are microstructure-dependent.     

Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of 0-3 PZT/PVDF Composite Doped with Polyaniline

Lead zirconate titanate （ PZT ） / polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） 0-3 piezoelectric composites doped with polyaniline （PANI） were obtained by hot-press method. The polarization properties of the composites were characterized by XRD and P- E hysteresis loops at room temperature. And the dielectric and piezoelectric properties were also measured. The results show that the poling of PZT could be effectively carried oat and the dielectric constant e, and dissipation tanδ increase monatonously by increasing the volume fraction of PANI in the composite. The piezoelectric constant d33, and the planar electromechanical coupling factor kp increase while the mechanical quality factor Qm decreases with the increase in the content of PANI. The d33, kp and Qm show the extremum values at 8 vol%-10 vol% PANI.     

退火温度对Al掺杂ZnO薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射技术,在玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO:Al(ZAO)薄膜样品。其他参数不变,在不同的温度下对样品进行了退火处理,研究了薄膜的结构性质、电学和光学性质随退火温度的变化关系。实验结果表明:在退火温度为200℃时,ZAO薄膜具有较优的光电性能,其电阻率为9.62×10-5.cm,可见光区平均透射率为89.2%。     

改性聚醚硅油型消泡剂的研制

通过二甲基硅油在一定条件下与聚醚及其它组分进行共聚反应,生成聚醚改性有机硅,再选择适当的乳化剂进行乳化,制成兼有有机硅特性和聚醚特性的稳定的高效消泡剂。本文研究了反应条件、共聚组分、乳化剂等对消泡效果的影响,并对各种影响因素进行了的讨论。     

PbTiO3/PVDF复合材料介电性能及压电性能研究

实验制备了 Pb Ti O3/ PVDF复合材料 ,测试了频率对复合材料介电性能的影响 ,并分析了 Pb Ti O3的体积分数与复合材料介电性能的关系 ;研究了复合材料的压电性能 ;并对样品微观形态进行了分析。     

GRC模板的物理力学性能试验研究

为了研究GRC模板的物理力学性能,通过正交试验和理论计算分析,对影响GRC模板的抗折强度、抗冻性能、干缩湿胀性能、含(吸)水率、容重等的诸多因素及其水平进行了优选,给出了各影响因素的显著性顺序,研究了各项性能指标随诸因素水平的变化规律.根据各项性能及其影响因素的重要性程度,以及各因素取值水平差异对性能的影响程度,通过综合平衡分析,从中优选出了各项性能指标都较好的材料配比组合,并对相应的各项性能指标进行了理论计算.研究成果表明,用综合平衡后优选出的因素水平组合制成的GRC平板,其各项性能都更适合用作建筑施工模板.     

共聚醚酯的合成工艺及其性能

合成了一系列含有磺酸盐基团和不同聚乙二醇添加量的共聚醚酯（COPEET）,研究了COPEET合成的特殊规律以及COPEET的常规性能、热性能及吸湿性能的变化．结果表明：添加PEG体系的COPEET缩聚反应时间均较常规PET缩聚反应时间缩短;COPEET的羧基含量极低;二甘醇含量随PEG添加量的增加而下降;PEG添加量的增加会降低COPEET的玻璃化转变温度;PEG添加量小于40％时,有利于COPEET的结晶,而过高的添加量会妨碍COPEET的结晶;COP—EET的熔融温度随着PEG添加量的增加而下降;COPEET的饱和含水率随PEG添加量的增加而有规律地增加．     

大米淀粉的流变性质和质构特性

以大米淀粉为原料,考察了淀粉糊质量分数、温度、pH值、蔗糖、盐等对大米淀粉糊流变性质和质构特性的影响,可为大米淀粉食品的加工提供基本参数和依据。对大米淀粉糊流变性质研究结果表明:大米淀粉糊黏度随着淀粉质量分数的增加而增加;随温度的增加而减小,在pH值2～4和8～10的范围,大米淀粉糊黏度急剧降低;大米淀粉糊黏度随蔗糖添加量的增加而增大;随NaCl添加量的增加而降低,CaCl2对大米淀粉糊黏度的影响较小。采用质构仪对大米淀粉糊质构特性分析发现:淀粉质量分数、pH值对大米淀粉糊的凝胶强度影响较大,其硬度随淀粉质量分数的增加而增加;在pH值2～10范围内,硬度随pH值的增加而显著增大;蔗糖、NaCl和CaCl2对大米淀粉糊硬度影响较小。