基于可拓理论的刀具磨损状态评价方法的研究

基于物元模型的可拓学理论分析,提出了刀具磨损状态的可拓评价方法。利用与刀具磨损状态密切相关的敏感特征参数,构造经典域物元和节域物元,应用物元和可拓集合中的关联函数,建立了刀具磨损状态的可拓评价模型,通过可拓评价分析,获得了客观合理的评价结果。实例分析证明了可拓学理论用于刀具磨损状态评价的有效性和可靠性。     

基于可拓学理论的数控机床可靠性评价研究

为了全面评价数控机床的可靠性,建立了研究数控机床可靠性的评价指标体系,应用可拓学中的物元理论,建立机床可靠性评价物元模型。引入关联函数计算关联度,并结合可拓层次分析的方法确定影响数控机床可靠性各指标的权重,对数控机床可靠性进行综合评价。结合实例进行了数控机床可靠性评价,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于可拓理论的数控代码信息表达模型的研究

要实现数控代码的转换,就必须首先建立统一的信息表达模型。分析了ISO6983标准数控代码的信息特点,明确了数控代码信息表达模型的要求。基于可拓理论中的基元理论,给出了数控代码信息中的机床基本性质复合元模型、数控代码功能复合元模型、代码程序格式复合元模型以及刀具轨迹的基元模型。根据提出的模型,给出了GSK980TD系统中G94代码的表达实例。     

岩爆烈度预测的改进物元可拓模型与实例分析

应用改进的物元可拓理论,并选取影响岩爆烈度的主要因素,如硐室最大切向应力σθ、岩石单轴抗压强度σc、岩石单轴抗拉强度σt以及冲击倾向指数Wet,以σθ/σc、σc/σt及Wet作为岩爆烈度评价指标,建立岩爆烈度预测的改进物元可拓模型。该模型首先确定岩爆烈度分级标准,通过隶属函数对分级标准进行隶属化,并确定节域隶属化范围,弥补特征值可能超出节域而使关联函数失效的缺陷;然后运用博弈论,将评价指标客观动态权重与主观静态权重优化、融合,克服传统物元可拓评价中单纯依靠特征值赋权而忽略特征本身对评价结果的重要性的弊端;最后通过最大关联度准则对岩爆烈度等级进行预测,从而建立岩爆烈度预测的改进物元可拓模型。为进一步考察该模型有效性及实用性,运用该模型对国内外20个岩爆工程进行分析。应用结果表明:该模型预测结果与实际情况吻合较好,且与传统物元可拓评价方法和模糊数学综合评价方法得到的结果相比,具有更高的准确度。     

基于物元可拓方法的零件分组研究

在对零件的分组方法和影响零件分组的几个因素进行分析的基础上,通过建立形式化的零件物元模型,提出了一种定性定量相结合的可拓分组方法;该方法通过可拓理论对零件的特征属性进行拓展,利用定性粗评和计算综合关联度进行两级评价,实例表明,该方法能客观准确地给出分组结果,算法易于编程实现,简便实用.     

基于TRIZ与可拓创新方法的机械产品概念设计方法研究

提出一种机械产品概念设计的创新方法,对概念设计阶段进行细分,将发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)与可拓创新方法的优势相结合,建立了基于两者的概念设计过程模型。通过建立用户需求基元模型与共轭分析法,确定产品的需求与功能之间的关联性,构建产品功能分解树,得到根源冲突;然后运用TRIZ工具集提取工程参数查询对应的原理解,通过可拓变换生成多种概念方案;最后利用优度评价法,实现对概念方案的量化评价与优选。以小型管道清淤机器人为例进行系统的创新设计,验证了该方法实用性和有效性。     

基于R-KANO与G-TOPSIS法的产品设计方案多目标决策方法

针对产品设计方案多目标决策过程中存在的主观性与模糊性问题,进一步提高用户对企业产品的综合满意度,提出一种结合粗糙集与卡诺模型(R-KANO)、灰色关联分析与逼近理想解排序法(G-TOPSIS)的产品设计方案决策方法。首先,通过专家及用户问卷调查确定产品初始评价指标,运用公信度评测对初始指标进行筛选,确定最终评价指标集;然后,应用粗糙集理论计算评价指标初始权重,考虑用户需求偏好采用KANO模型对评价指标权重进行修正;最后,通过灰色关联分析法对设计方案与目标需求之间的形状关联度进行分析,采用TOPSIS法对设计方案与目标需求之间的位置匹配度进行分析,通过融入上述指标权重并计算重构的相对贴近度实现多目标决策要求下产品创新设计方案的优选。以某新型装备产品评价设计为例,验证了方法的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法能有效提高设计方案优选的客观性,具有一定指导作用。     

退役曲轴再制造性可拓评价模型与方法

为了提高再制造曲轴毛坯质量,建立退役曲轴再制造毛坯质量评价模型,从失效性、经济性、材料性3个层面系统分析其再制造性能。提出基于可拓法的失效性评价方法,根据专家经验知识设定失效性指标经典域,基于专家评测法获得的评价值作为可拓评价物元,建立综合函数与回收决策关联度对曲轴初步分类。在此基础上,对拟再制造的曲轴从设备成本、时间成本两方面进行综合经济性评价,再制造成本过高的作回收处理。对回收处理中材料性指标高于阈值的曲轴采取材料回收,其余废弃处理。最后,选取5个退役曲轴进行应用研究。实验结果表明:所采取的回收方式与实际工程经验相符,实现了曲轴分阶段、全方位的评价,便于企业决策。     

复杂产品可用性屋中故障因素自相关系数确定方法

在复杂产品可用性屋中,精确计算故障因素自相关系数有利于更准确得到故障因素权重,从而更有针对性地构建可用性保障机制。为此本研究给出一种可以综合多名专家意见与多个影响因素的故障因素自相关系数计算方法,将不同专家对故障因素间因果关系的模糊性判断表达为一个可拓区间数,运用可拓层次分析法（Extensional Analytic Hierarchy Process,EAHP)将该可拓区间数转化为确定的值,得到故障因素间的自相关系数。该法全面考虑了故障因素的各种影响因素及其模糊性,使计算获得的故障因素自相关系数准确度更高。最后以某系列复杂产品——加工中心可用性屋的自相关矩阵构建为例,验证了该方法的应用。     

复杂手板加工的3轴机床实现方法及专用夹具设计

通过对两种不同复杂手板在不同批量需求下3轴机床加工方法进行分析,详细地阐述了复杂手板不同生产需求条件下的机床实现方法及异同,并提出专用夹具设计方案。该方案简单易行,生产可靠。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.