轴向运动超薄梁的非局部动力学分析

基于非局部弹性理论,建立了两端受初始张力的轴向运动超薄梁横向振动的控制方程。与现有的一些仅仅在控制方程中考虑非局部效应的研究不同,该文同时将非局部效应引入到两种典型的边界条件中,考察了非局部参数对超薄梁横向振动行为尤其是固有频率和临界速度的影响。结果表明:超薄性使得轴向运动梁的自由振动固有频率及临界速度降低,经典弹性理论高估了纳米尺度结构的弯曲刚度,轴向运动超薄梁的动力学行为存在明显的非局部尺寸效应。     

基于有限差分法的变截面旋转梁弯曲振动

根据哈密尔顿原理建立旋转梁的弯曲振动方程,运用有限差分方法对旋转梁的动力方程进行离散处理,得到旋转梁的质量和刚度矩阵。借助MATLAB振动工具箱对系统的弯曲振动进行模态分析,得到圆形、矩形和叶片类型三种变截面旋转梁的固有频率,并与相关文献进行比较。在差分离散矩阵的基础上,建立旋转梁的线性定常状态空间方程。运用MATLAB振动工具箱对旋转梁的自治系统和非自治系统进行仿真,分别求得旋转梁的时间位移曲线和相轨迹。最后对非自治系统的旋转梁进行频域分析,得到幅频特性和相频特性曲线。     

受初应力作用的轴向运动功能梯度梁的动力学分析

基于Euler梁模型研究了初始应力作用下轴向运动功能梯度材料梁的横向振动问题。假设材料性质沿梁的厚度方向按幂指数形式连续变化,利用Hamilton原理建立了系统的控制方程,应用复模态法求得了其固有频率和模态函数,接着分析了轴向运动速度、梯度指数、初应力大小等因素对梁的动力响应的影响。结果表明:梯度指数和轴向速度的增大都会导致固有频率降低,轴向初应力的增大则使得固有频率升高。     

非对称Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁的弯扭耦合振动

通过直接求解均匀Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁单元自由振动的控制运动微分方程,推导了其精确的动态传递矩阵。采用Bernoulli-Euler弯扭耦合梁理论,假定梁横截面没有任何对称性,考虑了薄壁梁在两个方向的弯曲振动及翘曲刚度的影响。动态传递矩阵可以用于计算非对称薄壁梁及其集合体的精确固有频率和模态形状。针对具体的算例,给出了各种边界条件下固有频率的数值结果并与文献中已有的结果进行了比较,还讨论了翘曲刚度对固有频率和模态形状的影响,结果表明如果忽略翘曲刚度的影响,可能得到毫无意义的结果。     

轴向载荷条件下弹性边界约束梁结构振动特性分析

采用改进傅里叶级数展开建立了轴向载荷条件下弹性边界约束梁结构振动分析模型。通过在梁结构两端引入平动和旋转位移约束弹簧,相应设置约束弹簧刚度系数可以实现对任意边界条件及其组合的模拟。梁结构振动系统位移场采用傅里叶级数附加边界光滑函数进行构建,利用能量原理建立轴向载荷作用下梁结构总动能、总势能和外力做功项,并结合瑞利-里兹步骤获得系统特征矩阵方程。通过数值算例,验证了该模型对不同边界条件、轴向载荷作用下梁结构振动特性分析的正确性与可靠性。在此基础上,研究了边界约束弹簧横向刚度、旋转刚度、轴向载荷等系统参数及激振力对梁结构振动特性的影响。该模型具有高效、高精度等特点,为研究轴向载荷作用下复杂边界条件梁结构振动行为提供了有效分析手段。     

沿轴向指数分布的功能梯度Timoshenko梁的频率精确解

通过对状态空间变量进行变量替换,求得了沿轴向指数分布的功能梯度Timoshenko梁的状态空间传递矩阵方程。通过传递矩阵法计算了多种边界条件下结构固有频率的精确解,并与解析解进行对比。通过分析梯度参数对结构固有频率与模态振型的影响,该计算结果表明频率与材料梯度变量之间的关系曲线是连续光滑的,并未出现部分文献中的跳跃现象,并且采用有限元法该计算结果进行验证。通过对比不同梁理论的计算结果,定量的分析了剪切刚度和转动惯量对结构固有频率的影响。计算结果表明,该方法物理概念清晰,降低问题求解难度的同时可以减少计算量。     

基于动力直接刚度法分析轴向变刚度钢-混组合梁自振特性

推导了基于动力直接刚度法的钢-混组合梁自振特性有限元计算模型。模型中考虑了混凝土板和钢梁之间的剪切滑移效应,得到了6个自由度的单元动力刚度矩阵。给出了边界条件为一般弹性支撑时,钢-混组合梁自振特性的求解过程。由于该模型推导过程中没有引入近似位移场或力场,而且可以分析一般弹性支撑的沿轴向变刚度的钢-混组合梁,因此计算结果是准确的。最后,通过两孔简支钢-混组合梁的室内试验,对比理论分析、ANSYS FEA和试验测试结果,验证该有限元计算模型的正确性。然后以已发表的文章中的具有简支-简支、固支-自由、固支-简支和固支-固支等四种常见边界条件的简支的数值模型计算结果为参考,进一步验证计算模型的适用范围。结果表明:推导得到的动力直接刚度矩阵可应用于求解一般弹性边界条件下,沿轴向变刚度的钢-混组合梁的自振特性。     

用动态刚度法分析旋转变截面梁横向振动特性

通过引入动态刚度法分析旋转变截面梁的振动特性。首先基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论给出旋转变截面梁自由振动方程,然后通过动态刚度法推导该旋转梁的动态刚度矩阵,最后运用MATLAB中的fzero函数求解特征值方程得到旋转梁横向振动的固有频率和模态振型。数值计算结果证明了动态刚度法的精度和有效性,同时分析了轮毂半径、转速以及渐变系数对固有频率的影响。     

考虑初始荷载影响下梁动力特性的有限元分析

从非线性弹性理论出发,应用Hamilton原理,给出了考虑初始弯曲和轴向应力影响的一般形式的单元刚度矩阵,建立了考虑初始荷载影响时梁动力分析的有限元方法,编制了电算程序。通过与解析解结果的比较,验证了有限元公式。讨论了初始荷载的类型、大小及结构自身刚度（惯性矩、惯性半径、跨度）等因素在考虑初始弯曲应力影响时对不同约束情况下梁动力特性的影响。结果表明,荷载初始弯曲应力的存在提高了梁的自振频率,这种影响与荷载的大小及结构自身的刚度有关。     

混杂边界条件下轴向变速运动黏弹性梁参数振动的稳定性

研究速度变化的混杂边界条件下轴向运动黏弹性梁参数振动的稳定性.在控制方程的推导中,采用物质导数黏弹性本构关系取代通常采用的只对时间取偏导数的黏弹性本构关系.运用直接多尺度法分析了轴向变速运动混杂边界条件下黏弹性梁的参数振动稳定性,数值结果显示了轴向速度,黏弹性系数以及扭转刚度系数的变化对第一阶亚谐波参数共振失稳区域的影响.     

Free vibration analysis of sandwich beams using improved dynamic stiffness method

In this paper, free vibration of three-layered symmetric sandwich beam is investigated using dynamic stiffness and finite element methods. To determine the governing equations of motion by the present theory, the core density has been taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations of motion for one element contained three layers are derived using Hamilton’s principle. This formulation leads to two partial differential equations which are coupled in axial and bending deformations. For the harmonic motion, these equations are combined to form one ordinary differential equation. Closed form analytical solution for this equation is determined. By applying the boundary conditions, the element dynamic stiffness matrix is developed. They are assembled and the boundary conditions of the beam are applied, so that the dynamic stiffness matrix of the beam is derived. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed by the use of numerical techniques and the known Wittrick–Williams algorithm. After validation of the present model, the effect of various parameters such as density, thickness and shear modulus of the core for various boundary conditions on the first natural frequency is studied.     

计及二阶效应的梁杆系统动力响应分析方法研究

基于动力刚度法和有限元理论提出了一种考虑二阶效应计算梁杆动力响应的新方法。通过求解轴向力作用下Bernoulli-Euler 梁横向和轴向挠度自由振动微分方程,利用位移边界条件反解出待定系数,得到了动态精确形函数;使用经典有限元方法推导了考虑截面自身旋转惯量的质量阵和考虑二阶效应的刚度阵,该质量阵和刚度阵各元素均为轴力和圆频率的超越函数;建立了杆系结构瞬态动力学分析的动力平衡方程,给出了稳定和高效的求解方案。对几个典型的算例进行了计算分析,并与通用软件ANSYS 的计算结果进行了比较。计算结果表明:该分析梁杆系统动力响应的新方法具有较高的计算精度和效率,特别是能够准确地计入轴力对于梁杆动力响应的影响。     

Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Extensional-Torsional Coupled Vibration in Nonuniform Composite Beams

The application of a Dynamic Finite Element (DFE) technique to the extensional-torsional free vibration analysis of nonuniform composite beams, in the absence of flexural coupling, is presented. The proposed method is a fusion of the Galerkin weighted residual formulation and the Dynamic Stiffness Matrix (DSM) method, where the basis functions of approximation space are assumed to be the closed form solutions of the differential equations governing uncoupled extensional and torsional vibrations of the beam. The use of resulting dynamic trigonometric interpolation (shape) functions leads to a frequency dependent stiffness matrix, representing both mass and stiffness properties of the beam element. Assembly of the element matrices and the application of the boundary conditions then leads to a frequency dependent nonlinear eigenproblem, which is solved to evaluate the system natural frequencies and modes. Two illustrative examples of uniform and tapered cantilevered, Circumferentially Uniform Stiffness (CUS), hollow, composite beams are presented. The influence of ply fibre-angle on the natural frequencies is also studied. The correctness of the theory and the superiority of the proposed DFE over the contrasting DSM and conventional FEM methods are confirmed by the published results and numerical checks. The discussion of results is followed by some concluding remarks.     

Bernoulli-Euler梁横向振动固有频率的轴力影响系数

给出了考虑轴力对于Bernoulli-Euler梁横向振动固有频率影响系数的高精度表达式。与动力刚度法推导等截面梁自由振动分析的动态刚度阵不同,首先获得承受常轴力的Bernoulli-Euler梁横向自由振动微分方程的通解,并通过位移边界条件消去待定常数,得到精确形函数;使用有限元方法,建立了使用精确形函数表达等截面Bernoulli-Euler梁动态刚度阵的微分格式,该微分格式精确刚度阵与动力刚度法得到的刚度阵完全一致。仿照Timoshenko对压弯梁静态挠度表达中取用轴力影响因子的方法,提出了Bernoulli-Euler梁横向振动固有频率的轴力影响系数表达式,结合Wittrick-Williams算法和动态刚度阵证明了当轴力在±0.5倍第1阶欧拉临界力之间变化时,轴力影响系数表达式最大误差不超过2%,且随固有频率阶次的提高,误差越来越小。     

High-order free vibration analysis of sandwich beams with a flexible core using dynamic stiffness method

In this paper, high-order free vibration of three-layered symmetric sandwich beam is investigated using dynamic stiffness method. The governing partial differential equations of motion for one element are derived using Hamilton’s principle. This formulation leads to seven partial differential equations which are coupled in axial and bending deformations. For the harmonic motion, these equations are divided into two ordinary differential equations by considering the symmetrical sandwich beam. Closed form analytical solutions of these equations are determined. By applying the boundary conditions, the element dynamic stiffness matrix is developed. The element dynamic stiffness matrices are assembled and the boundary conditions of the beam are applied, so that the dynamic stiffness matrix of the beam is derived. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed by use of numerical techniques and the known Wittrick–Williams algorithm. Finally, some numerical examples are discussed using dynamic stiffness method.     

基于双变量无单元法的欧拉梁动力特性计算与分析

以广义移动最小二乘法为理论基础,将同时考虑挠度和转角双变量的无单元法运用于欧拉梁的动力特性计算与分析。以罚函数法引入位移边界,建立欧拉梁无单元法质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的计算方法。运用双变量无单元法计算了四种不同边界条件欧拉梁的自振圆频率和振型,通过与理论解、有限元解、单变量无单元解的比较,表明该法较单变量无单元法具有更高的插值精度,在各种复杂边界条件下均能获得准确的计算结果。特别是在高阶振型中,计算精度明显优于有限元解。最后,通过试算法对多项式基的阶次进行了讨论,给定了在动力计算中的合理取值。     

Postbuckling and free vibrations of composite beams

An exact solution for the postbuckling configurations of composite beams is presented. The equations governing the axial and transverse deformations of a composite laminated beam accounting for the midplane stretching are derived. The inplane inertia and damping are neglected, and hence the two equations are reduced to a single nonlinear fourth-order partial–integral–differential equation governing the transverse deformations. We find out that the governing equation for the postbuckling of symmetric or asymmetric composite beams has the same form as that of beams made of an isotropic material. Composite beams with fixed–fixed, fixed–hinged, and hinged–hinged boundary conditions are considered. A closed-form solution for the postbuckling deformation is obtained as a function of the applied axial load, which is beyond the critical buckling load. To study the vibrations that take place in the vicinity of a buckled equilibrium position, we exactly solved the linear vibration problem around the first buckled configuration. Solving the resulting eigen-value problem results in the natural frequencies and their associated mode shapes. Both the static response represented by the postbuckling analysis and the dynamic response represented by the free vibration analysis in the postbuckling domain strongly depend on the lay-up of the laminate. Variations of the beam’s midspan rise and the fundamental natural frequency of the postbuckling domain vibrations with the applied axial load are presented for a variety of lay-up laminates. The ratio of the axial stiffness to the bending stiffness was found to be a crucial parameter in the analysis. This control parameter, through the selection of the appropriate lay-up, can be manipulated to help design and optimize the static and dynamic behavior of composite beams.