盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响及磷肥的缓解作用

采用盆栽试验和生理生化分析方法研究了盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响以及施用磷肥(过磷酸钙)对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长的缓解作用。结果表明,盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗干物质积累下降;增施磷肥能促进黑麦草幼苗生长,增加干物质积累,增强黑麦草对Na 、K 吸收的选择性,促进K 的吸收和向叶片运输;能提高叶片叶绿素含量,增强叶片净光合速率和气孔导度,增加可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量,从而增强黑麦草幼苗对盐胁迫的适应能力。     

盐胁迫对不同基因型黄瓜幼苗生长和光合作用的影响

研究了盐胁迫对2个耐盐性不同的黄瓜品种幼苗生长和光合作用的影响。结果表明,早多佳品种的耐盐性强于津春2号,盐胁迫处理显著抑制了黄瓜幼苗的生长,随着盐浓度的升高,两个黄瓜品种的株高、茎粗、叶面积均显著降低,叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率亦显著降低,而胞间CO2浓度则无显著差异,表明盐胁迫下非气孔因素是导致黄瓜叶片光合速率下降的主要原因。早多佳幼苗生长受盐胁迫的抑制小于津春2号,其光合机构受伤害的程度小于津春2号。     

外源乙烯对黄瓜幼苗根系生长及内源多胺含量的影响

精确控制营养液溶氧浓度和外源乙烯浓度,研究了黄瓜幼苗根系在低氧水培时的生长情况以及PAs含量的变化。结果表明,外源乙烯对根际低氧逆境下黄瓜幼苗根系的生长有抑制作用,虽然根径增粗,含水量增加,但根系的总根数、总表面积、总体积、干重和鲜重都有所减少,随着乙烯浓度的增加,抑制作用增强;外源乙烯对根际低氧逆境下黄瓜幼苗根系PAs含量有着明显的拮抗作用,外源乙烯使根际低氧逆境下黄瓜幼苗根系的伤害症状加重。     

镉胁迫下小麦根系的生理生态变化

本文通过水培和砂培两种方法 ,研究了镉胁迫下小麦 (TriticumaestivmL .)根系的生理生态变化。通过研究镉对小麦根系生长发育状况 ,根系活力 ,根系对矿质元素的吸收 ,探讨镉胁迫下植物根系的生理生态效应。研究结果表明 :镉影响根系的长度、生物量、体积和根系活力。Cd2 在低浓度 (处理浓度低于 5mg/L)作用下 ,随处理浓度的升高 ,刺激小麦根系的长度、生物量、体积相应地升高 ;当处理浓度高于相应浓度时 ,根长度、生物量、体积相应随浓度升高而降低。镉胁迫下根系活力受到抑制。水培和砂培中 ,镉对根系的影响趋势一致 ,但是影响幅度有差异。砂培好于水培。镉影响小麦根对矿质元素的吸收 ,Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Zn吸收情况不太一致。Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Na的吸收量随Cd2 浓度升高而增加 ,K、Zn的吸收量随Cd2 浓度升高而减少     

钙对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系碳水化合物代谢的影响

以对低氧敏感的中农8号黄瓜品种为材料,研究了钙对低氧胁迫下幼苗根系淀粉、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量及蔗糖合酶(SS)、蔗糖转化酶(INV)、磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)和葡萄糖激酶(GK)活性的影响。结果表明:与通气对照相比,低氧胁迫处理后幼苗根系淀粉含量降低,蔗糖和果糖含量增加,SS和GK活性增加,INV活性降低,胁迫初期SPS活性增加,后期降低;低氧胁迫下营养液加钙处理缓解了低氧胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用,根系SS、SPS、INV和GK活性增加,蔗糖和果糖含量显著高于单纯低氧胁迫处理,葡萄糖含量低于单纯低氧胁迫处理;而低氧胁迫下营养液缺钙处理加重了低氧胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的伤害。表明在低氧胁迫下,钙参与了调节黄瓜幼苗根系碳水化合物代谢,对提高幼苗低氧胁迫的适应性起着重要的作用。     

盐胁迫下苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

以特选山东密刺黄瓜品种为材料,研究了盐胁迫下,苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响及其施用的最佳时期和最适浓度。结果表明,苯丙烯酸能够相对提高盐分胁迫条件下黄瓜幼苗叶片的相对含水量和叶绿素含量,降低叶片细胞的质膜透性,缓解对细胞膜的伤害,抑制膜质过氧化产物丙二醛的积累,同时提高幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等细胞保护酶的活性,从而提高黄瓜对盐胁迫的适应性。两叶一心期为苯丙烯酸的最佳处理时期,50μmol.L-1苯丙烯酸为最适处理浓度。     

氮素形态对不同磷效率基因型小麦生长和氮素吸收及基因型差异的影响

对2种不同磷效率基因型小麦幼苗水培结果表明,NO3-N和NH4NO3-N对小麦植株地上部生长的影响无明显差异,但是对根系生长的影响明显不同。NH4-N对小麦幼苗的生长有明显的抑制作用,且对根系生长的抑制程度显著大于对地上部;对磷低效基因型Jing411的抑制程度明显大于对磷高效基因型Xiaoyan54。NH4NO3-N处理有利于提高植株地上部氮含量和植株的氮吸收效率。Xiaoyan54的植株吸氮量在NH4NO3-N处理中最高,Jing411在NO3-N处理中最高。不同处理对营养液pH值的影响明显不同。NH4NO3-N和NH4-N处理导致营养液pH值降低,NO3-N处理使营养液pH值升高,不同磷效率基因型小麦使营养液pH值降低或升高的程度不同。小麦磷效率基因型差异的表现与否和氮素形态有关,以植株地上部干重为磷效率指标的基因型差异在供应NO3-N时不表现。磷高效基因型Xiaoyan54的生长显著优于磷低效基因型Jing411。     

VA菌根对冬小麦利用养分和水分的影响

本文采用土培试验研究了水分胁迫状况下接种VA菌根真菌对冬小麦生长发育、养分吸收和水分利用的影响 .试验结果表明 :水分胁迫严重地抑制了植株地上部及根系的生长 ,影响了植株对养分的吸收利用 ;接种VA菌根真菌的植株体内氮磷营养状况得到改善 ,减轻了水分胁迫对植株生长的抑制程度 ,提高了干物质的累积 .因此 ,接种VA菌根真菌提高了冬小麦的抗旱性、促进了植株生长 ,并增加了根 /冠比值 .试验结果还表明 ,接种VA菌根真菌可增加冬小麦对水分的有效利用 ,提高了水分利用效率     

不同pH和供Zn条件下HCO-3对冬小麦幼苗生长和锌营养的影响

采用营养液培养法,研究了不同pH和供Zn条件下高浓度HCO3-(10 mmol L-1)对小麦幼苗生长,尤其是对锌营养的影响,结果表明:当营养液起始pH为6时,HCO3-在缺Zn时对小麦根系生长的抑制作用较为明显,而正常供Zn时的影响较小。当营养液起始pH为8时,不论缺Zn还是供Zn,添加HCO3-对根系和地上部均未表现出明显的抑制作用。HCO3-在酸性营养液中能极大促进小麦植株根系和地上部尤其是根系对Zn的吸收,而在碱性条件下则抑制小麦幼苗根系和地上部对Zn的吸收。此外,HCO3-能显著抑制Zn从根系向地上部分的转运,从而造成在根系中的大量积累。HCO3-加入营养液后会生成少量的CO32-,并使营养液pH维持在较高水平上。     

镉胁迫下磷供应对芥菜生长和镉吸收的影响

采用土培和水培试验,研究了镉胁迫下磷供应对芥菜生长和镉吸收的影响。土培试验表明:施磷可以提高镉胁迫下小叶芥菜和雪里蕻种子的发芽率,提高小叶芥菜的生物量,而对雪里蕻生物量影响不大;施磷可以减少土壤中有效态镉含量,明显降低植株体内镉含量;植株体内的全磷含量随外加磷浓度的提高而显著增加。水培结果表明:镉胁迫下,磷供应对雪里蕻植株生物量影响不大;随着磷供应水平的增加,植株体内的全磷含量明显增加,但植株地上部镉、锌、钙、镁、锰等元素的含量明显降低。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Call for papers Special issue on Modeling and control technologies for civil,energy,and power systems

正The control of civil,energy,and power systems presents significant new challenges for modeling and control theory.The purpose of this special issue is to provide a forum for researchers and practical engineers to discuss the recent advances in modeling and control technology development for civil,energy,and power systems.Prospective authors are invited to submit their original contributions with the focus on theory or applications of modeling,control     

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正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate and promote academic exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists everywhere.