退火温度对双辊薄带连铸高强度无取向硅钢组织和性能的影响

摘要：研究了退火温度对双辊薄带连铸Si质量分数为3.2%的高强度无取向硅钢组织、织构和性能的影响。结果表明,700℃保温时试验钢开始发生再结晶;800℃保温时,试验钢已完全再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸为26.4μm;900和1000℃保温时,试验钢中的晶粒开始逐渐长大,平均晶粒尺寸分别长大到33.8和40.9μm,且900℃退火时晶粒组织最均匀。随着退火温度的升高,试验钢中有利织构组分λ织构逐渐增强,Goss织构则在900℃退火时强度最强。因此,试验钢在900℃退火时有利于兼顾磁性能和力学性能。     

卷取温度对Ti-IF钢退火过程中组织和织构演变的影响

以不同热轧卷取温度生产的典型成分Ti-IF钢冷轧硬卷为研究材料,结合改良森吉米尔法连续热镀锌线的工艺特点,采用Gleeble-1500模拟退火方法和金相、x射线织构测试和硬度测试等分析手段,系统研究了退火过程中试验钢组织、再结晶温度和织构的变化.研究结果表明,随着热轧卷取温度的提高,完全再结晶温度降低;在880℃以下,退火温度对铁素体晶粒度影响很小,热轧低温卷取Ti-IF钢的铁素体晶粒度在11.0级以上,热轧高温卷取Ti-IF钢在lO.5级左右,当退火温度提高到920℃时,晶粒明显粗化;试验钢退火后具有较强的{223}<110>和{114}<110>织构,且热轧卷取温度和退火工艺条件对它们影响较小,随着退火温度的升高,试验钢的{111}织构有增强的趋势,特别是当退火温度较高时,退火温度在920℃时,{111}织构明显增强.     

退火工艺对Nb-Ti-IF钢组织和织构的影响

以典型成分Nb-Ti-IF钢冷轧硬卷为研究材料,结合连续热镀锌线工艺特点,系统研究了退火工艺对试验钢组织和织构的影响.研究结果表明,退火加热温度在720 ℃以上时为完全再结晶组织,加热温度在720～840 ℃间变化时,铁素体晶粒度在10.0级左右,加热温度为880 ℃时,铁素体晶粒度为9.0级;随加热温度的升高,试验钢的硬度下降,当加热温度为920 ℃,因保温后快速冷却得到非等轴组织,虽然组织粗化,但硬度却有所提高;当加热温度为840 ℃时,保温时间在30～60 s间变化时,铁素体晶体尺寸变化较小,但当加热时间从30 s增加到45 s时,显微硬度明显降低,加热时间进一步增加到60 s时,显微硬度变化不大.试验钢退火后具有较强的{223}<110>和{114}<110>织构,且退火工艺条件对它们的影响较小,随着退火温度的升高,{554}<225>、{111}<112>和{111}<110>等组分的取向密度增加趋势较明显.     

冷轧变形量及退火工艺对Gr.39钛合金带卷组织性能的影响

研究了不同冷轧变形量和退火工艺对Gr.39钛合金带卷显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,对于热轧退火态Gr.39钛合金带卷,当冷轧变形量从0升高到59.4%时,显微组织由完全退火的等轴组织逐渐变形为被拉长的纤维状组织,并且随着变形量的增加,材料加工硬化程度逐渐增加。考虑到轧制过程的稳定性,建议单轧程冷轧变形量控制在60%以内。Gr.39钛合金带卷在700℃退火发生完全再结晶,退火温度升高至相变点以上时,显微组织转变为粗大魏氏组织。随着退火温度的升高,抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐降低,延伸率逐渐升高。推荐冷轧Gr.39钛合金带卷退火制度为700℃/8 h/AC。     

铌钛复合微合金化对含磷冷轧结构钢板组织性能的影响

以低碳含磷钢为研究对象,通过分析不同卷取温度（600、650、700℃）时热轧态和冷轧退火态的显微组织、力学性能及退火再结晶动力学行为,对比研究了微铌（0．02％）处理和铌钛复合微合金化（0．02％Nb＋0．012％Ti）对钢的组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,与微铌处理钢相比,铌钛复合微合金化钢在600℃卷取时析出物数量更多,在更高温度卷取时熟化速度更快,650℃卷取时即熟化到一定程度。低温（600℃）卷取时,铌钛复合微合金化钢的退火再结晶更难,800℃×30s连续退火可以保证完全再结晶。将温度继续升高至800℃以上,会导致强度下降,在一定程度上影响板卷之间的性能稳定性。     

IF钢罩式退火过程中再结晶组织与织构的演变

研究了IF钢(/%:0.005C、0.02Si、0.16Mn、0.011P、0.004S、0.042Als、0.061Ti、0.003 1 N)0.8 mm冷轧板在500～800℃退火时的再结晶组织及织构,采用X射线衍射技术结合微观组织观察分析了IF钢罩式退火过程中{111}再结晶织构形成机制和显微组织演变规律。结果表明,随退火温度的升高,再结晶数量逐渐增多,640℃为实验钢实际再结晶温度,同时{111}再结晶织构强度亦逐渐增大,{111}取向的晶粒主要在再结晶过程中形成,并在{111}取向晶粒长大过程中,γ纤维织构之间也发生相互转化,主要由{111}〈112〉织构转变为{111}〈110〉织构。     

退火工艺对极薄规格热镀锌钢板的影响

通过采用MULTIPAS退火模拟试验机对0.25 mm厚的轧硬板进行不同退火温度的模拟试验,研究退火温度对组织和性能的影响。从金相组织及力学性能的结果可得出,退火温度较低时,组织未发生再结晶现象;退火温度升高至620 ℃时,组织完成了充分再结晶,全部转变为均匀的等轴晶粒。随着退火温度的升高,强度逐渐降低,伸长率呈逐渐升高的趋势,但温度较高时,组织较粗大,造成强度与塑性同时下降。将MULTIPAS退火模拟得出的最优退火温度区间为660～720 ℃,结合其他热镀锌工艺应用于工业生产中,生产的薄规格镀锌板组织、性能及表面质量均满足要求,得到了符合工业化性能要求的生产工艺。     

超高强度冷轧双相钢组织与性能

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上进行冷轧超高强度双相钢的连续退火工艺研究,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验研究了连续退火过程中各个参数对1000MPa级冷轧双相钢组织性能的影响.结果表明:试验用钢在退火温度800℃下保温80s,可以得到抗拉强度为1030MPa、延伸率为14%超高强双相钢;随着退火温度的升高,屈服强度和抗拉强度降低.当退火温度为830℃时,显微组织中粒状的非马氏体组织明显增多.过时效温度低于300℃时,屈服强度和抗拉强度变化不大;当过时效温度超过300℃时,抗拉强度急剧下降,屈服强度先降低后升高,在过时效温度为360℃时开始出现屈服平台.     

微钛处理对含磷钢薄钢板组织和性能的影响

以低碳含磷钢为研究对象,通过分析不同卷取温度时(分别为600、650和700 ℃)热轧态和冷轧退火态的显微组织和力学性能以及退火再结晶动力学行为,研究了微钛(0.015%)处理对钢的组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明,热轧卷取温度对低碳含磷钢的显微组织和力学性能影响很小,但微钛处理后,低碳含磷钢的再结晶动力学受到延迟,特别当卷取温度为600 ℃时,不但热轧态和冷轧退火态的强度提高,而且力学性能对卷取温度和退火温度的敏感性增加;随着卷取温度的降低,热轧态和冷轧退火态的强度提高,且冷轧退火态强度随着退火温度升高而降低的幅度增加.微钛处理对含磷钢组织和性能的影响与钛析出相的粗化行为有关.     

中间道次退火对Ti-3Al-2.5V管材组织和性能的影响

冷轧态及退火态样品的微观组织采用EBSD和TEM进行表征,进而探究Ti-3Al-2.5V管材在热处理过程中的再结晶过程,通过极图和反极图分析了不同热处理过程中织构的变化。试验结果表明,在低于580℃热处理时,此阶段冷轧管材主要发生回复,微观组织以变形组织为主,管材完全再结晶过程在750℃热处理时才会出现。分析表明,管材冷轧形成了沿周向（TD）方向倾斜的基面双峰织构,随热处理温度升高,基面双峰织构类型并未改变,而再结晶织构■逐渐取代■形变织构。合金管材在620～650℃温度范围内退火时,力学性能发生明显变化,这主要归因于在此温度敏感区间内,随着温度升高再结晶程度急剧增大。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.