白鹤滩水电站水力机械设计主要特点

白鹤滩水电站共安装16台单机容量1 000 MW的水轮发电机组,左、右岸地下厂房各布置8台。机组单机容量巨大且设计制造难度大,相应的辅助设备也相应较大;机组台数多,电站工程规模大,同时辅助设备系统复杂。对白鹤滩水电站的水轮机参数和结构选择设计、辅助系统设计以及地下厂房布置设计等方面进行了研究与总结,供同类型水电站设计参考。     

白鹤滩水电站工程水环境和大气环境治理

<正>1工程概述白鹤滩水电站位于四川省宁南县和云南省巧家县境内,距巧家县城45 km,上接乌东德梯级,下邻溪洛渡梯级,距溪洛渡水电站195 km,电站装机容量16 000 MW。白鹤滩水电站水环境主要受三滩、荒田砂石及混凝土拌和系统生成废水及六城坝营地、大桥营地及业主永久营地等生活污水影响,大气环境主要受大坝、地下厂房及泄洪洞开挖粉     

白鹤滩水电站工程监理安全管理成效

<正>白鹤滩水电站位于金沙江下游梯级电站第二级,工程规模大(1)型,地下厂房,装机容量16 000MW,双曲拱坝,坝高289 m,总库容206亿m~3,是在建的世界第二大水电站,地处高山峡谷区,沟谷深切,危岩体广布,不良地质现象发育。如何安全地搞好水电站工程建设,是摆在参建各方面前的重要课题。三峡发展公司白鹤滩监理部始终把安全生产放在     

彭水水电站机电设备消防系统设计

主要介绍了彭水水电站机电设备消防系统的设计方案。该电站的水轮机、发电机和主变压器采用固定式自动水喷雾灭火系统,主厂房采用室内消火栓箱,中控楼采用七氟丙烷无管网灭火系统。彭水水电站在国内属大型电站,其地下厂房及厂外变电站的机电设备布置是目前国内大型水电站比较典型的布置形式,其消防系统的设计对其他电站具有一定的参考意义。     

白鹤滩水电站百万千瓦机组座环安装完成

正11月30日,由中国能建葛洲坝机电公司(以下简称"葛洲坝机电公司")承担安装的白鹤滩水电站右岸电站11号机组座环,稳稳落入机坑,标志着白鹤滩水电站百万千瓦水电机组座环全部安装完成。白鹤滩水电站位于四川省宁南县和云南省巧家县交界的金沙江下游干流河段上,左、右岸地下厂房各布置有8台单机容量100×104k W的水轮发电机组,该电站建成后,将成为世界第二大水电站。葛洲坝机电公司承担了右岸电站8台机组的机     

金沙江白鹤滩水电站全面开建

正位于云南省巧家县白鹤滩镇的金沙江上,装机容量16 000MW的白鹤滩水电站是金沙江下游4个水电梯级的第2个梯级,上游有装机10 200MW的乌东德水电站建设全面推进,下游有装机13 800MW的溪洛渡水电站和装机7 750MW的向家坝水电站全面建成发电。据了解,白鹤摊水电站坝高289m,电站库区正常蓄水位825m,根据工程规划,电站将于     

糯扎渡水电站水力机械设计的主要特点

糯扎渡水电站安装9台650 MW水轮发电机组,是南方电网的主力电站。结合本电站高水头、特大型水轮发电机组及地下厂房的特点进行了水轮机参数选择、水轮机结构设计、辅助系统设计及地下厂房布置设计与优化,保证了技术先进、可靠,并满足电站长期安全稳定运行的要求。     

黄登水电站水轮发电机IG541混合气体灭火系统设计

黄登水电站地下厂房内装设4台单机容量475 MW大型水轮发电机组。为确保水轮发电机的安全,采用了IG541混合气体灭火系统。本文主要介绍黄登水电站水轮发电机IG541混合气体灭火系统的设计方案,供同类水电工程设计参考。     

构皮滩水电站电工一次设计

构皮滩水电站是乌江干流开发中的关键性工程.电站建成后将成为电网骨干支撑电源,承担电网调峰、调频和事故负荷备用等,是"西电东送"南部通道中的骨干支撑电源点.电站主要任务是发电,兼顾防洪及其他.电站为地下厂房,装机容量为3 000 MW,安装5台单机额定容量为600 MW的混流式水轮发电机组,年发电量96.67亿kW·h.简要介绍了构皮滩水电站接入系统方式、电气主接线、主要电气选择及布置、厂用电系统、过电压保护及接地等电工一次专业的设计内容.     

液压滑模在二龙山水电站调压井工程中的应用

1工程概况二龙山水电站位于黑河大峡谷中下游,肃南裕固族自治县境内,电站厂房距张掖市106 km,是黑河流域规划中的第7座梯级水电站———石羊岭电站的替代方案。工程主要任务是发电,采用引水式开发。电站由首部枢纽、引水系统、发电厂房及升压站等建筑物组成。电站装机容量68 MW     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。