新安江模型在瓦塘江流域短期洪水预报中应用

为满足泵站科学调度运行的要求和对库区瓦塘江泵站防汛淹没损失的考核,贵港航运枢纽分公司以"集团公司水调自动化系统"数据库为基础数据来源,以新安江模型建立了瓦塘江流域短期洪水预报系统。通过对瓦塘江流域洪水预报进行实例检验,及对模拟结果的评价指标进行分析,研究结果表明该系统能取到较高精度,为瓦塘江泵站的48 h实时调度提供科学依据。     

对济宁市水安全保障的思考

通过多年的水利建设,济宁市防洪抗旱能力显著增强。但随着气候变化和经济社会发展,水环境发生了巨大的变化,给防汛抗旱带了新的挑战,对水利建设标准、水平提出了更高的要求。本文从水灾害防御、水资源调配以及水生态安全等方面对济宁市水安全保障进行了分析和探讨。     

福州市江北城区光明港水系水质改善思路探讨

该文针对福州市江北城区光明港水系水质现状,分析其原因,提出泵站补水与纳潮引水冲污结合并辅以其它工程与非工程措施的改善水质思路:实施内河整治工程、加强水动力和水质输移规律研究、合理确定外江水闸调度规则实施纳潮冲污、优化生态补水方案等。特别是利用闽江涨落潮规律及科学调度现有水闸,引闽江水改善光明港水系下游部分河段水环境质量,实现"水多水动水清"的生态目标。     

苏州河沿岸市政泵站放江特征分析

苏州河沿岸市政泵站的放江问题 ,是当前进一步改善和稳定苏州河水质需要解决的关键问题。泵站放江包括降雨放江 ,施工配合放江 ,旱流放江、试车放江和检修放江 5种情况。通过提高截流倍数 ,建设雨水调蓄池 ,疏通过江污水管 ,解决管道渗漏 ,增加回笼水设施等工程措施 ,有效减少了苏洲河沿岸市政泵站的排江水量和污染物总量     

为首都经济社会发展提供坚实的水务支撑

<正>2013年,北京市水务局坚持以科学发展观为指导,认真贯彻落实党的十八大精神和中央关于加快水利改革发展的决策部署,全面落实市委市政府对水务工作的要求,坚持"向观念要水、向机制要水、向科技要水",坚持走量水发展道路,优化水资源配置和调度,加快推进水务基础设施建设,创新防汛体制机制,深化实施最严格水资源管理制度,强化水务社会化管理,扎实推进水务改革发展,通过"保水、治水、净水"八大类工程的实施,全力保障水源安全、供水安全、水环境安全和防汛安全,向"三水联调保供给"的目标不断奋进,为首都经济社会持续健康发展提供     

上海地区中心城区雨水泵站放江污染物总量计算方法的探讨

泵站放江对地表受纳水体或河道会形成高负荷冲击,导致水质恶化、不稳定,影响水环境治理成果。本文以上海市雨水泵站自动监测系统提供的水质、水量数据为基础,借鉴雨水径流污染负荷计算方法,提出泵站放江污染物总量计算方法。案例对比计算显示,分时求和法较算术均值法可以更加精确地计算泵站的排放总量,为泵站放江管理提供数据参考。     

里下河"引江冲淤"对区域水环境影响评价

阐述了里下河地区的地域特点、沿海闸下港道淤积的原因及区域水环境现状.为了减少里下河地区河道的泥沙淤积,利用里下河地区上游的高港枢纽和江都枢纽引长江水冲淤,通过下游4大港闸排出引入的长江水.根据江苏省水环境监测中心的历史和现状水质监测资料,对里下河地区"引江冲淤"前及引江期间的水质状况,进行全面的分析、评价,对"引江冲淤"对区域水环境的影响进行了小结.     

基于水动力模型和遗传算法的梯级泵站优化调度研究

引滦入津输水沿线采用梯级泵站级联提水的方式工作。为降低泵站系统总能耗,在分析研究梯级泵站输水特点的基础上,设计出梯级泵站站间水位优化结合各单级泵站站内机组优化的调度方法,并利用丹麦DHI MIKE11水动力模型和遗传算法分别建立了河道水位数学模型和泵站优化调度模型,根据各泵站机组实测运行记录,拟合了机组运行效能曲线来计算功耗。结合2011年该梯级泵站运行实测数据,验证了该调度方法的合理性、有效性,能够满足梯级泵站节能降耗的要求。     

大型合流制污水干管优化运行研究

大型合流制污水干管已成为众多城市合流污水收集与集中输送排放的重要组成部分。建立上海市合流污水一期工程干管水力模型,对典型旱天和雨天工况进行模拟分析,为优化干管运行提供了技术支撑。提出了旱天优化运行模式,可实现防淤积、削减溢流、均化水量、节能降耗等多方面目标。指明了合流制污水干管初期雨水不放江的临界降雨强度,验证了当干管系统遭遇不均匀强降雨时,提高相应支线泵站截流量以减少污水放江的可行性,为指导干管优化运行的生产实践提供科学依据。     

上海市苏州河水系调水研究

根据苏州河水系的实际情况,在分析调水原因和方式的基础上,针对已经和即将建成的苏州河环境综合整治工程设施．研究如何在新形势下充分利用潮汐和动力引导水体定向有序流动。根据各主要控制水闸泵站的实时水情、雨情、工情及地理、气象等信息,通过河网水力水质数学模型模拟不同的闸门水泵运行调度方案及结果,以及专家决策支持系统确定不同情况下防汛和调水的最佳方案,再将方案转化为可执行的指令自动调控水闸泵站的运行．实现苏州河水系水利工程设施体系的智能化运行。在确保防汛安全的情况下大量引入清水资源冲走内河黑臭水体来达到防汛和调水的最佳效果,实现苏州河水系全流域防汛保安和水环境状况的全面改善。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.