江苏省2014年新收获粳稻质量和品质情况调查

为了了解江苏省2014年新收获粳稻的质量、品质现状,抽取覆盖全省所有产粮县的1 112份样品作为试验样品,依据《稻谷》（GB 1350—2009）国家标准要求对新收获稻谷的出糙率、整精米率、水分、杂质、不完善粒、谷外糙米6个质量指标进行检测。根据国家标准优质稻谷（GB/T 17891—1999）,对全省优质品种稻谷的品质指标进行检测、分析。 调查了2014 年江苏省13市63县(市、区)新收获粳稻的质量,并与近5年粳稻的质量状况进行比较。结果表明,新收获粳稻全省三等以上稻谷占比为94.8%,出糙率平均值为80.5%,整精米率平均值为64.4%,不完善粒平均值为4.1%,谷外糙米平均值为1.4%。达到《优质稻谷》国家标准三等要求的样品有33份,占样品总数的11.4%。2014年全省新收获粳稻总体质量略差于2013年,其中南通、泰州等苏中地区粳稻质量较好。受天气影响优质稻谷品种与去年相比有所下降,主要优质品种是苏州和宿迁地区南粳系列。     

对粮食收获质量调查及品质测报工作的认识

粮食收获质量调查和品质测报工作,是服务于"三农",为粮食宏观调控服务的重要基础性工作,对于指导我国粮食种植结构调整,促进优质专用粮食的产销衔接,具有重要的指导作用.     

我国2009～2011年粳稻收获质量状况

概述了我国5省(区)2009～2011年收获粳稻质量调查结果,并进行了对比。调查结果表明:近年来我国粳稻整体收获质量较好,但不同地区、不同收获年度的质量状况差异明显。2011年粳稻总体质量为近三年最好水平,东北地区粳稻的食用品质优于南方产区。     

两种储粮水分粳稻储藏周期内品质变化及效益分析

水分是影响粮食品质的重要因素,应用空调控温储粮技术,以辽宁盘锦地区粳稻为研究对象,选取正常水分(14.4%)和偏高水分(15.5%)粳稻,定期扦取样品检测各项品质指标变化。结果表明,随着储藏时间的延长,两种水分粳稻的储藏品质变化相近,但偏高水分粳稻的加工品质及食用品质优于正常水分粳稻,能够较好的保持粳稻的营养成分,提高粮食仓储、加工企业的经济效益。     

盐城市2023年新小麦质量调查报告

为了解盐城市2023年新小麦质量情况,指导粮食收储工作,盐城市粮油质量监测中心按照新收获粮食质量安全风险监测要求,开展了新收获小麦质量调查工作。根据各县（市、区）粮食产量,在盐城市9个县（市、区）的240个村组扦取新收获小麦监测样品240份作为调查样品,按GB 1351—2008《小麦》等国家标准和检验方法对调查样品进行检测。检测结果（平均值）显示：千粒重44.9 g,容重789 g/L,水分12.1%,不完善粒含量5.3%,其中生芽粒和黑胚粒含量较2022年增幅较大。总体来看,盐城市2023年新收获小麦主要质量指标与2022年相比有不同程度下降。     

国家粮食和物资储备局:2019年玉米不如上年好 高油大豆比例有所增加

日前,国家粮食和物资储备局发布2019年新收获玉米、东北三省(区)新收获大豆质量监测情况报告。总体来看,9省区新收获玉米整体质量为正常年景水平,但不如上年好;黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古3省区大豆整体质量为正常年景水平,一等品率、高油大豆比例较上年有所增加,三等以上比例、高蛋白大豆比例较上年有所下降。     

不同机械脱粒方式粳稻储藏品质及其相关性研究

为研究不同机械脱粒方式收获粳稻霉菌量和种用品质的差异性,以手工脱粒收获粳稻为对照组,对切流式、轴流式脱粒收获粳稻进行霉菌菌落计数试验和发芽试验,测定不同机械脱粒方式收获粳稻的裂颖率、发芽性能指标、粳稻霉菌量、糙米霉菌量、全部裂颖籽粒霉菌量、正常籽粒霉菌量。结果表明:切流式与轴流式脱粒收获粳稻霉菌量差异显著(P<0.05),切流式脱粒收获粳稻霉菌量超出105 CFU·g-1,轴流式脱粒收获粳稻霉菌量接近105 CFU·g-1,手工脱粒收获粳稻霉菌量略高于104 CFU·g-1;粳稻霉菌量、糙米霉菌量与裂颖率呈极显著一元线性关系(P<0.001),决定系数R2分别为0.9082、0.8719;粳稻霉菌量与发芽性能指标相关性显著(α<0.01),粳稻霉菌量与发芽势、发芽率的负相关系数分别是0.917、0.905,粳稻霉菌量与畸变数、幼苗根部发霉数的正相关系数分别是0.896、0.959。从粳稻储藏安全性和种用品质考虑,粳稻优先考虑选择轴流式脱粒收获。     

漯河市2023年夏收小麦质量状况分析调查

为掌握漯河市2023年夏收小麦质量情况,指导粮食收储工作,漯河市产品质量检验检测中心对漯河市4个县(区)新收获小麦进行了质量调查研究。本次调查共采集样品113份,检测结果表明,2023年漯河市小麦质量为近5年最差,且县区间质量差异明显,绝大部分样品的生芽粒、黑胚粒、赤霉病粒、生霉粒的检出率和含量均较高,其中生芽粒最为严重,检出率100%,平均值48.5%,最大值97.7%;临颍县小麦的黑胚粒含量明显高于其他县区,检出率100%,平均值5.1%,最大值35.0%。针对2023年小麦质量问题,提出进一步做好粮食质量调查监测和信息引导、提高农业科技研发和技术指导、加大高效优质宜种品种推介力度等建议。     

江苏省2021年新收获小麦质量调查报告

为了解江苏省2021年新收获小麦质量情况,指导粮食收购工作,省粮油质量监测中心组织各市粮食质量检验机构在全省13个市、72个县区、1400多个村组扦取小麦质量调查样品1406份,依据GB 1351—2008《小麦》等国家标准和检测方法,对新收获的小麦质量进行检测,结果显示,千粒重平均值为42.5 g,容重平均值为784.6 g/L,不完善粒总量平均值为5.2%,其中占比较多的是赤霉病粒,平均值为1.3%。与2020年小麦质量情况相比,江苏省2021年小麦质量总体状况较2020年有所下降。     

储藏温度对粮食品质指标的影响

盐城位于江苏苏北,水稻种植的主要品种为南粳9108,每年10月中下旬收获成熟。为了更清楚地了解不同温度对粮食物理、化学等指标的影响,通过设置3组不同含水量粳稻,分别对应7组不同储藏温度,在2个月和4个月的储存时间节点,对不同储藏温度下粮食的水分、黄粒米率、发芽率以及发芽势、脂肪酸值的变化进行跟踪,得出低水分粮食在低温储藏条件下,品质劣变较慢,但是企业为了储粮成本效益的控制,将粮温控制在28℃以内,水分不超过14.5%时,也能较好地延缓粮食品质的劣变。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Content of selenium in fishes,caught in lakes in Buriatia

Study of selenium accumulation by fish of Buryatia shows relatively high accumulation level for the Baikal lake (213-513 mcg/kg) contrary to the lakes of Baunt and Selenginsk regions of the republic (84-227 mcg/kg). Selenium deficiency in Baunt region is also confirmed by low selenium levels in meat of native origin (39-95 mcg/kg). Among different tissues and organs the lowest selenium levels are typical for muscles, the value increasing in the row: muscle < skin < air bladder < scales < fin < liver < roe.     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。