产抑菌活性物质放线菌菌株的筛选

[目的]筛选产抑菌活性物质的放线菌菌株.[方法]以金黄色葡萄球菌、对青霉素和头孢菌素类耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作为指示菌,采用滤纸片扩散法对300株放线菌的发酵产物进行抗菌活性筛选,通过最小抑菌浓度法(MIC)时筛选的阳性菌株进行抗菌活性测定.[结果]筛选到抗菌活性物质产生菌111株,抑菌率为37.0%;其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和耐药金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制活性的菌株分别为111、10和47株.各菌株的最小抑菌浓度有很大差别,菌株174883对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强,其发酵样品稀释到2048倍仍然表现出抑菌活性.用青霉素酶和头孢菌素酶作用于阳性菌株发酵产物,筛选到6株菌株代谢产物的抑菌活性变弱,菌株32349和kj0428的抑菌活性被抑制最明显.[结论]筛选得到的阳性放线菌菌株具有良好的抗菌活性,为新型抗生素的筛选提供了研究基础.     

156株犬源大肠杆菌耐药谱型分析

[目的] 为临床上选择抗菌药物、预防和治疗犬大肠杆菌病提供依据,[方法]采用药敏纸片法,进行156株犬源大肠杆茵对头孢曲松和氟苯尼考等8种抗菌药物的敏感性试验,以确定其耐药谱型.[结果]156株大肠杆菌对头孢曲松、庆大霉素、小诺霉素、林可霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、氟苯尼考、妥布霉素和左旋氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为83.3%、66.7%、73.7%、84,6%、76.3%、88.3%、63.5%、80.8%.[结论]耐药谱型以头孢曲松/庆大霉素/小诺霉素/林可霉素/磺胺间甲氧嘧啶/氟笨尼考/左旋氧氟沙星和头孢曲松/妥布霉素/林可霉素/磺胺间甲氧嘧啶/氟苯尼考/小诺霉素/左旋氧氟沙星为主,分别占33.97%(53/156)和30.13%(47/156).     

留兰香挥发油的薄层分离及抗菌活性研究

[目的]对留兰香挥发油的组分及抗菌活性进行研究.[方法]采用薄层色谱法对留兰香挥发油的组分进行初步分离,采用扩散法及紫外可见分光光度法对留兰香挥发油的抗菌活性进行测定.[结果]以石油醚:乙酸乙酯(V:V=6:1)为层析液时,留兰香挥发油的分离效果最好,分离出4种主要物质;留兰香精油对3种试验菌株的抑菌性为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtdis)>金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)>大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli);对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为:0.50,1.00,3.50μl/ml.[结论]留兰香挥发油具有抑菌作用,这为综合开发留兰香提供了理论基础.     

人参土传病害生防菌株的筛选及抑菌活性研究

[目的]筛选获得对人参土传病害具较好防治作用的生防菌株.[方法]采用稀释平板法和平板对峙培养法从患病人参根际土中分离筛选生防菌,并对菌株进行形态学、生理生化特征和16S rDNA鉴定.[结果]以立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、尖镰孢菌(Fusari-um oxysporum)和腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)为指示菌株,从黑龙江铁力农场患病人参根际土中筛选获得2株具较强拮抗作用的生防菌株B59和X1,鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌.2株生防菌对8种不同真菌的抑菌率平均达90%以上,初步研究表明B59和X1菌株可分泌抗菌活性物质.[结论]2株生防枯草芽孢杆菌B59和X1菌株对人参土传病原菌具较强的拮抗作用,具有一定的开发应用潜力.     

一株絮凝剂产生菌TS-1的分离与鉴定

[目的]筛选鉴定出高絮凝活性的微生物絮凝剂产生菌:[方法丁通过培养基培养分离纯化出高絮凝活性的菌株并通过培养特征观察和生理生化特征测定鉴定筛选出的菌株.[结果]通过用稀释涂布平板法和平板划线法从土壤中分离、纯化和初筛后,从供试土样中共分离到14株具有絮凝性能的细菌,经复筛后得到5株絮凝活性较高(絮凝率>70%)的絮凝剂产生菌,其中1株经多次传代培养后絮凝活性仍很稳定(絮凝率始终>90%),其标记为TS-1.TS-1菌为具有荚膜的革兰氏阳性杆菌,并且菌体内无类脂物质如聚β-羟基丁酸.TS-1为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),故将该菌定名为Bacillus TS-1.[结论]该试验筛选出的菌株可用于淀粉工业废水的絮凝处理和生化处理.     

陕西关中地区猕猴桃溃疡病调查及其生物防治研究

[目的]掌握陕西关中地区猕猴桃溃疡病发病特点,筛选出对猕猴桃溃疡病有防治作用的植物内生放线菌.[方法]对陕西关中地区(杨陵、周至、眉县)13个村65个猕猴桃园中猕猴桃溃疡病发病特点进行调查分析,同时在242株植物内生放践菌中筛选猕猴桃溃疡病菌拮抗菌株并进行田间病害防治试验.[结果]陕西关中地区猕猴桃溃疡病的平均发病率达7.95%;猕猴桃品种与发病率密切相关.对猕猴桃溃疡菌有抑制活性的菌株有76株,其中35株的发酵液对猕猴桃溃疡菌的抑菌圈直径≥20 mm,TTASA5菌株对4种靶标细菌均具有抑制活性,而gCLA4菌株不仅对4种靶标细菌具有抑制活性,还对10种植物病原真菌有较强的抑制活性.田间试验结果表明,gcLA4菌株发酵液对猕猴桃溃疡病具有明显防效,21 d的相对防效可达66.7%.[结论]gclA4菌发酵液的抑菌谱广,gclA4菌具有开发成为一种广谱农用杀菌剂的潜力.     

武汉市2010年志贺氏菌菌株情况分析

目的 掌握武汉市2010年细菌性痢疾监测中分离的志贺氏菌的生化血清学分型、药物敏感状况及毒力基因携带情况.方法 按<全国细菌性痢疾监测方案>提供的方法进行病原菌分离鉴定和药敏试验;利用PCR方法分别对志贺氏菌分离株7对毒力相关基因进行检测.结果 2010年分离志贺氏菌15株,宋内氏菌12株,福氏志贺氏菌3株.志贺氏菌敏感药物为阿莫西林(66.7%),诺氟沙星(73.3%)、环丙沙星(60.0%).全部耐药的有利福平,氨苄两林、萘啶酸.所有菌株对11种抗生素中的6种及以上耐药.15株菌株ipaH基因检出率为100%,ial,virA及sell基因的检出率均为73.3%.setlA与setlB基因仅在福氏志贺氏菌检出.结论 2010年武汉市细菌性疾病病原菌以宋内氏志贺菌为主,耐药情况有口趋严重的趋势,毒力基冈携带模式相对单一.     

女贞子抑菌活性研究

[目的]研究女贞子的抗菌作用.[方法]采用试管连续稀释法,测定不同稀释度女贞子水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用.[结果]女贞子水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均为31 mg/ml,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为62 mg/ml,枯草芽孢杆菌MIC为4 mg/ml,MBC为8 mg/ml.[结论]女贞子能有效地抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌,具一定的抗菌作用.     

首蓿内生拮抗放线菌的促生防病作用研究

[目的]从首蓿内生放线菌中筛选拮抗菌株.[方法]采用已从健康首蓿组织中分离得到的内生放线菌Mx1、Mx3、Mx5进行温室促生防病测定.[结果]菌株Mx3的发酵液对番茄灰霉病的防效可达56.56%,对小麦全蚀病的防效为44.67%;发酵液对2种病害的防效都明显高于菌悬液.对温室番茄株高、叶片数生长影响最明显;对小麦、黄瓜的促生均高于对照.[结论]菌株Mx3促生效果最好,其发酵液的防病效果明显优于菌悬液.     

2种微生物絮凝剂高效产生菌的筛选和培养条件的优化

[目的]筛选微生物絮凝剂高效产生菌,并优化其培养条件.[方法]从活性污泥中分离纯化絮凝剂产生菌株,考察它们对焦化废水的絮凝效果,并探讨了利用糖蜜废液作为廉价培养基扩大培养菌株的可行性.[结果]从活性污泥中共得到4株絮凝率>70%且絮凝特性稳定的菌株.其中,J-Y1和J-Y2菌液的絮凝活性最好,对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率分别为94.4%和98.9%,在处理焦化废水时絮凝率最高分别也达到88.4%和93.9%.J-Y1和J-Y2在糖蜜废液中均生长良好,且糖蜜浓度未对絮凝率产生显著抑制.[结论]糖蜜废液可为J-Y1和J-Y2的扩大培养提供廉价的营养,并且这两个菌株在优化的试验条件下均具有相当高的絮凝能力,表明它们在废水处理中有巨大的应用潜力.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.