城市垃圾焚烧炉渣处理含磷废水的实验研究

城市垃圾焚烧炉渣对磷有较好的去除效果,在初始磷酸盐浓度低于200mg/L时,对磷的去除率几近100％,在初始浓度为1000mg/L时,去除率达67％。对除磷后的炉渣进行磷的形态分析表明,溶液中磷酸盐首先被炉渣快速吸附．之后与炉渣中的Ca、Al、Fe等金属发生化学反应,转化成稳定的Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P和Ca10-P等沉淀态磷。     

MgO和MnO对CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-P2O5渣的物相影响

转炉渣中的磷主要存在于n2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5（以下简记为nC2S-C3P）固溶体的富磷相中。为了深入理解转炉渣的物相,便于有效富集钢渣中的磷,研究MgO和MnO含量的变化对CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-P2O5渣中nC2S-C3P固溶体的磷含量及渣结晶物相的影响,并对其进行热力学分析。结果表明：在CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-P2O5四元渣系中加入少量MgO或MnO,可以在一定程度上提高nC2S-C3P固溶体中的磷含量;继续提高MgO或MnO含量,固溶体中的磷含量不再发生变化。随着MgO或MnO的加入,富铁相增多,有利于钢渣的磁选分离。     

盐碱地稻田径流中磷素的动态变化特征及其潜在环境效应

[目的]研究盐碱地稻田径流中磷素的动态变化特征及其潜在环境效应.[方法]以松嫩平原苏打型盐碱地前郭灌区为研究对象,探讨了不同灌溉条件下稻田径流中磷素的动态变化规律及其潜在环境效应.[结果]盐碱地稻田表水呈碱性,土质分散,保肥能力差;土壤总磷在表层富集,增加了磷素随径流流失的风险.稻田磷素流失的主要时期为灌溉期及暴雨径流发生期,稻田径流中总磷、颗粒态磷、总溶解态磷和溶解性活性磷的浓度均随时间的推移呈下降趋势,磷素流失以颗粒态磷为主,而且磷素浓度均超过导致富营养化发生的临界值,直接影响下游查干湖的水质安全.各退水渠磷素浓度均随时间的推移而增大,并在高温时期出现不同程度的富营养化现象;各稻田表水与退水渠总磷浓度呈高度负相关,相关系数R2(α=0.05)分别为0.850 9、0.896 4和0.915 3.灌排条件最好的稻田磷素流失负荷较大,污染风险等级最高,应作为磷素输出的关键源区进行重点监控和防治.[结论]该研究为合理开发盐碱地资源、制定盐碱地最佳磷素管理措施、控制农田磷素流失和保护当地水资源提供了理论依据.     

三峡库区东溪河湿地保育区建设的生态学途径

湿地公园是国家湿地保护体系的重要组成部分,2009年位于三峡库区的重庆忠县皇华岛被正式批准为国家湿地公园建设试点,东溪河湿地生态保育区是其3个功能区之一.自2008年三峡水库蓄水至173 m后,已经形成消落带新生湿地;其湿地生境典型,湿地植物资源丰富,冬季水鸟种类和数量丰富,成为三峡库区湿地生物多样性的集中富集区.文章从生态学途径对东溪河湿地生态保育区的建设目标及功能定位进行了探讨,提出对消落带湿地生态系统进行修复和生态友好型利用.东溪河湿地生态保育区以湿地生态保育为主,通过在区内构建湿地生态展示亚区(含消落带湿地演替系列展示和湿地植物展示两个功能单元)、湿地花卉苗木培育亚区、湿地生态缓冲控制带以及实施消落带植被恢复与重建工程,达到加强湿地生物多样性保护、建设良好的湿地生物栖息地、营造优美的湿地景观目的,并在此基础上,开展水鸟观赏等湿地生态旅游及科研监测活动.     

柘皋河流域农田土壤氮磷迁移过程的模拟研究

[目的]研究土壤表层氮、磷迁移变化机理.[方法]选取柘皋河流域为试验区,以流域3种主要土地利用类型为研究对象,采用人工模拟降雨方法,在不同施肥量、降雨强度条件下研究了氮、磷在壤中流、渗漏液的迁移规律.[结果]氨氮在土壤中具有很强的吸附和转化能力,迁移深度较小,主要集中在表面;硝氮在土壤中迁移转化的过程与土壤特性及水力条件有着密切的关系.菜地土壤中流中总磷含量平均为0.52 mg/L,远远超出相邻水体(巢湖)中磷含量的控制要求.壤中流、渗漏液中氨氮、硝氮、总氮、有效磷及总磷含量同降雨强度、施肥量密切相关.[结论]除了控制地表径流传输,如何有效抑制壤中流中的氮磷迁移对该区域水环境污染的治理十分关键.     

北衙金矿万硐山矿段矽卡岩型矿体特征及成因分析

万硐山矿体产于万硐山石英正长斑岩与北衙组碳酸盐岩接触带或接触破碎带中,矿体形态复杂,规模大,产状随接触带产状变化而变化,矿体中有用组分含量较高,矿石类型以金-铁-铜多金属矿为主。针对万硐山矿段矽卡岩型金多金属矿的矿体特征和成因进行总结、研究,为矿山生产提供指导意义。     

荔浦芋种植过程中土壤养分含量变化及相关性研究

[目的]探索荔浦芋种植过程中土壤养分的含量变化及各养分含量的相互关系,为农业生产提供指导.[方法]在荔浦芋种植过程中的4个时期分别采集土样,并且检测分析.[结果]pH值与土壤有效养分含量密切相关,施加追肥后,土壤pH值明显升高;碱解氮含量在种植前后差异明显;有效磷、有效钾含量随着肥料的施加逐渐增加;微量元素有效态含量在种植过程中也发生了相应的变化.[结论]土壤养分因素之间存在密切联系,各养分含量在种植过程中也发生了相应的变化.适时对土壤养分指标进行检测、分析,才能掌握其变化规律.     

GCr15冶炼过程中钢水洁净度的研究

研究了在EAF-EBT-LF-VD-CC冶炼工艺下影响轴承钢GCr15洁净度的N、Ti、Ca、S、O等元素的变化规律,以及对GCr15质量的影响.结果表明:EBT出钢和LF精炼期的增N量町以通过VD真空脱气和钢包软吹氩去除,而Ti的来源主要在于合金和耐火材料的带入;EBT出钢过程中加入活性石灰和Ca处理都易导致钢中Ca含量的增加;高碱度精炼渣有利于钢水脱硫,但不利于改善钢中夹杂物的性质和形态;GCr15钢中夹杂物主要是呈菱形的氮化钛和硅铝镁氧化物夹杂.     

莱钢50t转炉高效脱磷技术的应用

通过研究炼钢实际生产过程中铁水磷含量及磷形态的变化,采取了留渣和预热石灰的炼钢操作方法,达到了去磷保碳的目的,取得了良好的经济效果。     

鲁甸县乐马厂银矿观音山矿段矿床特征及找矿标志简析

乐马厂银矿观音山矿段内矿体(群)主要赋存于断层破碎岩带及破碎带附近上、下盘岩层中,其形态与断层形态及断层上部牵引背斜形态特征较为密切,其矿床成因类型属构造控矿、热液改造成矿型层控矿床。     

Regional differences in suicide in Hungary in the light of registered cases of depression

Author made a revision on the theory published by Rihmer and alii in the year 1989. According to this theory the marked regional differences of suicide in Hungary are caused by the different discovery of the "endogen depression" (rate of diagnosed depression). So the lower is the diagnosis of depression the higher is the suicide rate in a given territory. They have seen a negative correlation between the number of working physicians and the suicide rates. Author made a reexamination on a correct database between 1985-1994. He has also made a study using the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria in four counties of Hungary. His results deny the theory above mentioned. The rank-correlation of the number of GP and the suicide rates in Hungary in years 1985-1994 did not show correlation. So the underdiagnosis of the depressive disorders and the different number of GP are not the cause of the regional differences of suicide in Hungary.     

Role of clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in human bone-marrow cells in vivo and in cultured lymphocytes in vitro

Bone-marrow chromosomes were examined from 38 mentally and physically retarded and two psychiatric patients who were being treated with a variety of neuropharmacologic drugs. Twenty of these patients used clozapine (Leponex). The clastogenic effects of clozapine in vitro were studied in the lymphocyte cultures of three patients--one free of hematologic disease and two who 6 months earlier had had agranulocytosis attributed to the use of clozapine. The mean frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in the bone-marrow cells of patients who used clozapine was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). The two patients who had had agranulocytosis had a greater frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in their cultured lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro than the patient free of hematologic disease. A clone with a 13/14 chromosome translocation was detected in one of the patients. As all patients received a number of drugs during the in vivo and in vitro studies no definite conclusions could be drawn regarding the role played by clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities.     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean - 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 microg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 microg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35+/-0.04 to 0.14+/-0.02 mm2/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2+/-1.8 mm2 as compared with 41.8+/-4.2 mm2 in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7+/-0.1 mm as compared with 1.5+/-0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19+/-0.02 in controls to 0.03+/-0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/ kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31+/-0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07+/-0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29+/-0.03 to 0.05+/-0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models.     

Difference in changes of plasma volume in two types of Goldblatt hypertension in rabbits

High plasma renin concentration (PRC) and hematocrit (Ht) were observed in hypertensive rabbits with one renal artery clipped and an intact opposite kidney (Group A), while rather low PRC and Ht in hypertensive ones with one renal artery clipped and the opposite kidney removed (Group B). Plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), and packed cell volume (PCV) were estimated in these two types of hypertensive rabbits, and also in sham-operated rabbits (Group C). In Group A, 4 weeks after clipping of a renal artery, PV was decreased and significant inverse correlations were observed between PV and the elevation of blood pressure and between PV and PRC. A significant correlation between PRC and the elevation of blood pressure was also found 4 and 12 weeks after the clipping. PCV was increased until 12 weeks after clipping. In Group B, PV was increased 1 and 4 weeks after clipping, then returned to the initial level. Ht was decreased 1 and 12 weeks, and PCV was decreased 12 weeks after clipping. These results would indicate that a high Ht seen in Group A was partly due to the decreased PV and partly due to the increased PCV, while, in Group B, a low Ht in early stage might be mainly due to the increased PV, but in the late stage, a decreased PCV appeared to play a role to lower Ht. PRC seems to be affected differently by PV in these two types of hypertension.     

Efficacy of lomefloxacin in treatment of nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in prophylaxis of postoperative complications in urology

Clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were comparatively estimated in the treatment of 104 urologic patients with nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in 36 urologic patients for prophylaxis of inflammatory complications after surgical interventions. The majority of the urinary tract pathogens i.e. Enterobacteriaceae spp. and gramnegative nonfermenting bacteria were highly susceptible to both the fluoroquinolones. The clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin amounted to 94.4 and 80.7 per cent and those of ofloxacin to 92 and 79.2 per cent respectively. The prophylactic use of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin was efficient in 94.7 and 94.1 per cent of the cases respectively. The antibacterial prophylaxis in urologic patients should be applied not only at the period of surgical interventions but also during the early postoperative period.     

PLC在高炉汽动式鼓风机监控系统的应用

鞍钢高炉15号鼓风机是VASi-9018型轴流式汽轮压缩机，通过技术改造，采用先进的电子控制技术，建成了全新的具有现代化水平的汽轮压缩机控制系统。     

Role of signal peptides in targeting of proteins in cyanobacteria

Proteins of cyanobacteria may be transported across one of two membrane systems: the typical eubacterial cell envelope (consisting of an inner membrane, periplasmic space, and an outer membrane) and the photosynthetic thylakoids. To investigate the role of signal peptides in targeting in cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was transformed with vectors carrying the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene fused to coding sequences for one of four different signal peptides. These included signal peptides of two proteins of periplasmic space origin (one from Escherichia coli and the other from Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942) and two other signal peptides of proteins located in the thylakoid lumen (one from a cyanobacterium and the other from a higher plant). The location of the gene fusion products expressed in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was determined by a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of subcellular fractions. The distribution pattern for gene fusions with periplasmic signal peptides was different from that of gene fusions with thylakoid lumen signal peptides. Primary sequence analysis revealed conserved features in the thylakoid lumen signal peptides that were absent from the periplasmic signal peptides. These results suggest the importance of the signal peptide in protein targeting in cyanobacteria and point to the presence of signal peptide features conserved between chloroplasts and cyanobacteria for targeting of proteins to the thylakoid lumen.