Experimental study of forming and tightening processes with thread forming screws

Thread forming screws are being increasingly used, particularly in the automobile industry. They are designed to directly assemble two parts by displacing material to form their own thread. This specificity implies knowledge of the screwing torque needed for the thread to be formed in the lower plate of the assembly and of the tightening torque necessary so as to establish the preload in the assembly. The experimental study presented in this paper is divided into two parts.The first concerns the thread forming process and shows the influence of the geometrical parameters of the thread forming screw and of the work-piece, and the influence of the process parameters on the maximum forming torque. A compromise can be proposed for the choice of the lead hole diameter, which is the most important parameter to be considered in order to keep a reasonable forming torque while obtaining threads deep enough to avoid stripping problems.The second part concerns the tightening process. An original experimental device is used to enable an empirical formula to be proposed, based on the ISO standard screw formula giving the tightening torque according to the preload applied inside the assembly.     

钛合金球形头骨钉镦锻加工工艺流程及性能研究

研究了国际上先进的医用骨钉的镦锻加工工艺。采用不等径活阴模技术,克服了球形头骨钉头部镦锻成形时冲头脱模困难的问题,成形了骨钉驱动槽和头部基本轮廓,然后采用专用机床进行头部轮廓修整和尾部螺纹引导加工,最后进行螺纹成形等工序。与采用传统棒料直接进行车制工艺相比,采用镦锻加工工艺可使材料利用率提高1倍以上,生产效率提升2倍以上。对镦锻成形的Ti6Al4V ELI和Ti6Al7Nb材料骨钉进行了金相组织、硬度和扭转性能检测,其试件的金相组织和硬度均满足相应标准的要求,最大扭矩和断裂扭转角与车制加工骨钉基本相当,因此证明了镦锻工艺可替代现有棒料的直接车制工艺。     

LG351井油管粘扣原因分析及预防

对LG351井油管下井全过程进行了调查研究.通过调查研究和实际应用认为,油管引扣不到位,则容易发生粘扣和错扣;上扣控制方法不当,上扣扭矩过大,则容易发生粘扣.要保证油管下井质量,应严格执行油管使用及维护作业规程,在螺纹接头保护、清洗、检查、修理、螺纹脂、对扣、引扣、上扣速度、上扣扭矩、上扣控制方法等方面严格把关.     

剪切激励下润滑脂对螺栓连接结构松动行为的影响研究

目的 为了提高螺栓连接结构的可靠性,分析剪切激励下螺栓连接结构松动失效机理,并研究润滑脂对螺栓连接松动行为的影响。方法 基于自主设计的试验装置,开展了剪切激励下螺栓连接结构的松动试验,分析了两种润滑脂(MoS2润滑脂和锂基润滑脂)对螺栓连接结构松动行为的影响,试验结束后使用扫描电子显微镜分析螺纹表面的损伤情况。结果 在相同预紧力条件下,使用润滑脂的螺栓连接结构初始预紧力矩可降低30%~40%。螺栓连接结构所承受的剪切载荷存在门槛值,即当剪切载荷低于门槛值时,连接结构不会完全松动。在螺栓前三圈接触螺纹表面添加润滑脂(局部润滑),门槛值降低;在螺栓全部接触螺纹表面均添加润滑脂(完全润滑),门槛值进一步降低。当承受载荷幅值低于门槛值时,局部润滑有利于防松,螺栓连接结构的松动程度可降低20%以上。结论 螺纹接触界面的微观滑移和微动磨损是螺栓连接结构松动的主要原因,在螺纹接触界面添加润滑脂可有效减缓螺纹表面的微动磨损。     

钢基NiMoCrFeCo-WC涂层螺杆承载应力-扭矩的有限元分析

为研究高强度塑料注射成型过程中碳化钨陶瓷涂层螺杆的承载规律,采用ANSYS有限元模拟计算不同螺棱结构的碳化钨涂层螺杆承载特征,分析钢基材对三段式碳化钨涂层螺杆承载的影响规律,模拟碳化钨涂层螺杆在扭矩载荷作用下的应力/应变变化规律,讨论碳化钨涂层螺杆的承载扭矩与最大应力和最大应变的对应关系,建立碳化钨涂层螺杆临界扭矩的判...     

Analytical prediction of contact stiffness and friction damping in bolted connection

This paper presents an analytical method to predict contact stiffness and friction damping in bolted connections. Despite its importance in machine design, analytical prediction of the contact parameters has not been realized because of difficulty in time-history nonlinear analysis of sticking/sliding contact. In this study, a torsional contact model around a connecting bolt is developed. Linear phenomena are extracted and solved by FEM analysis, and then linear combination of the FEM results is calculated iteratively to search sticking/sliding zones in torque equilibrium. Proposed model is experimentally validated, and it will lead to fully analytical modelling of practical machines.     

Analysis of form threads using fluteless taps in cast magnesium alloy (AM60)

Threads are used in the most assemblies of industrial products. Commonly, mechanical components need to have threaded parts allowing fast and accurate assemblies and disassemblies. Internal tapping is one of the most demanded machining operations, and threads obtained by forming have been a good alternative. This work investigates the effect of the factors the hole diameter, the forming speed and types of tool on the responses: torque, hardness, fill rate, and thrust force of the form tapping process. The experiments were carried out with three diameters, three forming speeds, and two coatings. The material used was the AM60 alloy due to its high ductility and wide application as head engine. The results revealed torque is more affected by the hole diameter than thrust force, and little hardening occurred using high forming speed with a small diameter. The fill rate of the thread profile was not significantly affected by the intermediate and large diameters. Finally, it can be stated that the recommended hole diameter provided by the tool's supplier can be modified to achieve more accurate thread profiles.     

焊缝金属厚度方向的流动与洋葱瓣花纹的形成

研究了在铝合金薄板与铜箔交替叠加的多层板搅拌摩擦焊过程中焊缝金属的塑性流动行为.结果表明,用带螺纹的搅拌针焊接时,搅拌针周围金属沿螺纹在焊缝厚度方向产生剧烈的流动,在螺纹端部脱离搅拌针并向周围挤压母材,形成实心环形挤压区,与周围母材有明显的界面.洋葱瓣花纹是实心环形挤压区在焊缝横截面上的表现形式.搅拌针表面的螺纹提供金属在焊缝厚度方向流动的驱动力.搅拌头顺时针旋转时,用左螺纹搅拌针焊接的焊缝横截面上,洋葱瓣花纹的中心偏向焊缝底部;用右螺纹搅拌针焊接的横截面上,花纹的中心偏向焊缝表面.     

联轴器螺栓紧固件的有限元建模仿真和试验分析

研究了联轴器螺栓紧固件在复杂载荷作用下的应力状态,对分析联轴器螺纹螺栓的失效具有重要价值。采用精确几何形状螺纹建模方法对联轴器的螺纹进行了建模,并将其嵌入ANSYS软件对螺纹螺栓的预紧力、联轴器受载后的等效应力和联轴器螺纹螺栓的结构应力进行了仿真分析,并进行了试验对比研究。结果表明：所建立的模型能很好地仿真螺栓自松弛现象,可以认为螺栓松弛乃至结构的疲劳强度对扭转载荷的大小更敏感,能为深入研究联轴器螺纹螺栓的失效提供参考。     

用参数编程方法车削两种特殊螺纹型芯

在塑料制品中,螺纹的运用非常广泛。因为一般塑料比金属的强度和刚度差,为了防止螺纹崩裂或变形,塑料螺纹一般不采用机械螺纹结构而是采用较大的螺距、有圆角过度的特殊螺纹。本文介绍在经济型数控车床上加工两种特殊螺纹型芯（圆弧螺纹与异形螺）的加工方法。     

基于自适应滑模控制的进给系统运动精度和节能的研究

为了提高进给系统的运动精度和降低其能耗,设计一种自适应滑模控制方法。对进给系统的机械结构进行剖析,分析其组成。通过丝杠导程和效率计算丝杆的负载扭矩,并在丝杆负载扭矩的基础上得出丝杆的动力学方程。在电机转矩的作用下,建立电机轴的运动方程。进而在电机的作用下,得到进给系统的状态方程。以系统的跟踪误差为依据,构建非线性滑动面,在进给系统状态方程的基础上,以驱动系统状态趋于期望滑动面为目的,设计滑模控制律,并控制误差的薄边界层为约束,构造自适应增益模型,完成自适应滑模控制方法的设计。采用所提方法和神经网络方法对直线变化和圆周期望运动轨迹进行跟踪实验。结果表明：在跟踪直线变化和圆周期望运动轨迹时,所提方法的跟踪精度比神经网络方法分别提高了37.52%和32.72%,所提方法的能耗也比神经网络方法降低了10.37%。     

含虚拟材料结合部的高速滚珠丝杠进给系统动态特性分析

为了构建精确的滚珠丝杠进给系统结合部虚拟材料模型,提出基于多目标优化方法获取结合部虚拟材料模型参数的方法。采用分形理论建立滚珠丝杠进给系统结合部虚拟材料参数解析模型,得到结合部虚拟材料参数的初步优化区间。基于多目标优化方法,获得滚珠丝杠进给系统结合部虚拟材料模型的参数,并通过试验对此参数获取方法进行了验证。分析结果表明:滚珠丝杠进给系统的振动模态会随工作台位置的变化而改变,主要因为工作台位置变化会改变伺服电机输出轴和工作台之间丝杠的长度,从而影响系统的刚度。     

模具型芯上断续螺纹的加工

瓶盖类塑件上的螺纹常采用断续螺纹 ,其模具型芯的加工较困难 ,现介绍一种利用周转轮系理论完成模具型芯上断续螺纹加工的新方法 ,此方法已在实践中得到验证。     

钻杆接头螺纹卸扣扭矩影响因素研究

研究钻杆接头上扣/卸扣扭矩的计算方法;根据计算公式,总结影响钻杆接头螺纹卸扣扭矩的因素;提出提高卸扣扭矩的建议。分析认为:卸扣扭矩与上扣扭矩的比值R与螺纹导程有直接关系,同样尺寸结构设计的多线螺纹比单线螺纹的卸扣扭矩小;可通过减小螺纹导程、增加辅助扭矩结构、提高螺纹脂摩擦因数和优化锥度等手段,提高钻杆接头螺纹卸扣扭矩;建议特殊接头螺纹的导程扭矩占比不高于0.16,R≥0.68。     

Analytical solution of the tooling/workpiece contact interface shape during a flow forming operation

Flow forming involves complicated tooling/workpiece interactions. Purely analytical models of the tool contact area are difficult to formulate, resulting in numerical approaches that are case-specific. Provided are the details of an analytical model that describes the steady-state tooling/workpiece contact area allowing for easy modification of the dominant geometric variables. The assumptions made in formulating this analytical model are validated with experimental results attained from physical modelling. The analysis procedure can be extended to other rotary forming operations such as metal spinning, shear forming, thread rolling and crankshaft fillet rolling.     

温控龙头本体注射模设计

通过对温控龙头结构特点和功能的分析,采用滑块成型产品,利用螺杆原理成型产品内螺纹。有效地解决了传统铰螺纹模具难以解决的3个问题:起始螺纹处容易变形或崩塌;产品起始螺纹不在同一个位置;铰螺纹芯子容易抱死产品。     

Speeds,lead and characteristic defect frequencies of arbitrary roller screws

For many applications with high demands on axial forces and rigidity roller screws are being increasingly relied on. Lead and dynamic behavior are two of the key criteria concerning the design and use of roller screws. The lead results from the interaction of the threaded profile and the kinematics of each element of the roller screw. While their kinematics has been studied in recent literature, a compact equation for calculating the lead of arbitrary roller screws is still missing. Furthermore, their characteristic frequencies, as they offer a tool for the purpose of condition monitoring within the scope of a vibration analysis, are still unknown. In the following work the derivation of calculation methods for the lead of roller screws with arbitrary geometries is presented. Applying these methods, the lead of common roller screw types is calculated. In addition to the calculation of the lead, the methods allow an analysis of kinematic properties. For the purpose of condition monitoring, the characteristic frequencies of roller screws are analyzed. Exemplarily, a typical envelope spectrum of an acceleration signal that has been acquired in radial direction on a roller screw nut in good condition is presented.     

A theoretical,numerical, and experimental investigation of plastic wrinkling of circular two-layer sheet metal in the deep drawing

In this paper, the wrinkling of two-layer (aluminum-stainless steel) sheets in the deep drawing process, is investigated through an analytical method, numerical simulations, and experiments. In a deep drawing process, wrinkling can always be eliminated with an increase in the blank holder force (BHF). Thus, the aim of this study is to obtain the minimum required BHF to prevent wrinkling. In the analytical model, energy method is used to predict the wrinkling. Also, FE simulations were performed to study the effect of forming parameters on wrinkling. Experiments have been conducted to verify the analytical model and FE simulations. The effects of parameters such as the material properties of aluminum layer and lay-up on BHF and forming force are investigated. Results demonstrate that the optimum BHF is dependent on the blank geometry, material properties and lay-up. It is shown that BHF is greater when aluminum is in contact with the punch. Results show a good agreement between analytical, FE, and experimental results.     

Development of a directly-driven thread whirling unit with advanced tool materials for mass-production of implantable medical parts

Medical screws are a common mass-produced implantable medical component made of Titanium. To machine the threads of these types of components, thread whirling with carbide tools is typically used. However, tool wear and low cutting speed limit the productivity and increase the manufacturing cost of such medical parts. In this study, a direct motor driven thread whirling unit for an advanced Swiss-type CNC lathe was developed and it was used with advanced tool materials such as low binder content Cubic boron nitride (CBN) and Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) to find a cost-effective and more productive alternative to carbide tools.     

三螺杆泵的温度场及热力耦合分析

为适应三螺杆泵高速、高压、大流量的发展趋势,严格控制螺杆变形及其相关间隙以减少泵内泄漏是关键。以三螺杆泵为研究对象,将泵内温度场作为载荷施加在主、从动螺杆表面,并进行温度-结构耦合的数值模拟分析。研究不同工况下三螺杆泵内温度和工作扭矩使主、从动螺杆产生的变形规律,并对比与主、从动螺杆在各单独物理场作用下和耦合作用下的变形和应力变化。结果表明:主、从动螺杆的热变形比力矩变形更明显。随着工作温度升高,主、从动螺杆的热变形量增大,主、从动螺杆产生的热应力与工作温度呈正比关系;在同一工作温度下,主、从动螺杆在X、Y、Z 3个方向的变形量均增加,而Z方向的变形量远大于X和Y方向的变形量。