新型化学气相沉积炉的炉衬

我国在C/C复合材料领域的化学气相沉积电阻炉存在诸多问题,其中在炉衬、电热元件的安装和炭源气体在加热炉内漏气等存在许多隐患;随着国民经济的发展,我国的炉衬耐火材料也得到迅猛发展,结合国内情况,成功研制出新型CVD化学气相沉积炉炉衬结构,该结构能较好的解决以上问题.经过大量高温测试证明,该结构的性能、安装、维护和使用寿命都达到国外先进水平.     

碳化硅预制拱顶中温箱式电阻炉

本文从重新布置处理中温箱式电阻炉的加热元件入手,设计、制作了一种结构全新的炉衬结构。主要特点是采用了碳化硅预制拱顶,并在它的沟槽内安装了原来安装在两侧墙上的电热元件。两侧墙取消电热元件后可适当降低炉膛高度,缩小炉衬体积及积蓄热;可采用容重更小的炉衬材料或全纤维材料;方便于粘贴硅酸铝耐火纤维毡,涂复高温发泡耐火材料,涂复黑体材料增加炉膛黑度;可增加简易隔热屏以及增加空气层绝热结构等。所有这些都可进一步提高中温箱式电阻炉的性能和节电效果。     

电阻炉炉衬的优化设计

介绍了电阻炉炉衬结构及炉衬材质与厚度的优化设计方法，数学模型和计算机程序框图，对于专用电阻炉的设计具有一定的使用价值。     

真空电阻炉的炉衬结构

论述了真空电阻炉内各种炉衬结构及特点，讨论其隔热性能和经济效益，推荐不同炉况下的炉衬结构。     

新型节能电阻炉——碳化硅炉衬电阻炉性能分析

本文着重分析了大连五金工具厂试制的15千瓦碳化硅炉衬中温井式电阻炉(以下简称碳化硅炉)的特点。碳化硅具有很高的强度、较大的黑度系数与导热系数,耐高温,便于做成整体炉罐;耐火纤维具有容重小、导热系数小,可承受较高温度等特点。采用碳化硅材料为内衬,以耐火纤维为绝热材料的炉衬组合形式可显著地降低炉衬的总重量,降低炉体蓄热损失,减少炉衬厚度,减少炉壳表面积,使散热损失减少;另一百方面又可能强化加热过程。碳化硅炉具有升温快,热效率高,炉温均匀等特点。可以认为碳化硅炉的节能效果良好,经改进可成为更广泛意义上的高效能电阻炉——节能可控气氛电阻炉。     

RXW—39—9全耐火纤维箱式电阻炉

我国工业电炉经过两次大的更新,于1985年7月已换为第二代节能系列产品。该系列产品特点:一是采用性能良好的超轻质炉衬材料;二是炉体结构有较大改进。因此该节能型电阻炉耗电量显著降低。但随着工业不断地发展和世界性能源危机的加剧,各国都在加紧能源的开发和充分利用。电炉是主要耗电设备,为此仍需进一步进行技术改造,这对节约能源和提高企业经济效益有着十分重要的意义。 1985年底,我厂和山东工业大学联合研制新的节能电阻炉—RXW型全耐火纤维箱式电     

全纤维外热式盐浴炉

全纤维外热式盐浴电阻炉,在炉衬结构和制造方面有创造性突破,该炉衬也适用热处理行业的箱式炉、井式中温炉、回火炉的制造和改造,其显著特点是:炉衬结构合理、新颖、牢固、施工简单、成本低、生产安全可靠。应用本技术制造的软质纤维毡炉衬与硬质纤维砖炉衬电炉相比节电率达58％,生产效率提高了47％。     

井式电阻炉的改造

电阻炉是冶金、机械行业广泛应用的一种电加热设备,但耗电量大。为降低电耗,提高电阻炉的热效率,对六城拉丝厂用于铁丝退火的60kW井式电阻炉进行了改造,取得了较好的经济效益。 一、设备概况及节电措施     

关于节能炉衬的组成

本文根据国情选材,推荐几种节能效果好的比较合适的炉村组合,并推荐一些有关炉村热工计算的数据,还对炉衬设计计算中的问题进行了讨论。文中谈了笔者的两个观点:一个是认为可以生产一种价廉的介于高纯与高铝纤维之间的耐纤制品,以满足在1100℃下长期使用的需要;另一个是认为耐火纤维与超轻质砖组成的炉衬组合,可与全纤维炉衬竞争,在某些情况下,优于全纤维炉衬。随着耐火纤维制品的质量提高,品种增加和价格降低,以及其他新的耐火、保温材料的出现和某些耐火材料的价格降低,这就有可能使我们在节能、耐久、经济和施工方便的前提下,广泛选材,组成这种炉衬组合,进行分析比较,得出适合我国当前情况的比较合理的炉衬组合。     

电阻炉技术改造中的几个参数的确定

对热处理电阻炉在技术改造中经常碰到的炉衬材料及厚度、装机功率以及Ｗ＿允的确定，在分析的基础上提出了具体的确定方法。无论是旧电阻炉的改造还是新电阻炉的设计均有一定参考价值。     

Development of a thermoelectric self-powered residential heating system

Self-powered heating equipment has the potential for high overall energy efficiency and can provide an effective means of providing on site power and energy security in residential homes. It is also attractive for remote communities where connection to the grid is not cost effective. Self-powered residential heating systems operate entirely on fuel combustion and do not need externally generated electricity. Excess power can be provided for other electrical loads. To realize this concept, one must develop a reliable and low maintenance means of generating electricity and integrate it into fuel-fired heating equipment. In the present work, a self-powered residential heating system was developed using thermoelectric power generation technology. A thermoelectric module with a power generation capacity of 550 W was integrated into a fuel-fired furnace. The thermoelectric module has a radial configuration that fits well with the heating equipment. The electricity generated is adequate to power all electrical components for a residential central heating system. The performance of the thermoelectric module was examined under various operating conditions. The effects of heat transfer conditions were studied in order to maximize electric power output. A mathematical model was established and used to look into the influence of heat transfer coefficients and other parameters on electric power output and efficiency.     

中置缸套结构的设计分析与试验验证

在某型柴油机上将原项置缸套改为中置缸套结构,以改善第1道活塞环的冷却和减少缸套穴蚀问题.进行了缸套变形有限元计算、冷却系统CFD分析,以及缸套实际变形的测量验证,从而适应该型柴油机的功率、排放和耐久性升级的需求.     

传统建筑供暖的变革新思路——电热膜供暖

介绍了北方地区锅炉供暖热水采暖系统,耗费大量钢材、煤炭、水等普遍存在着资源浪费、环境污染、供暖费难收缴等问题,针对以上问题,提出采用新的供暖方式,电热膜采暖技术,具有经济、节能、运行管理的可推广性。     

Experimental study on a new hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector

A calorific energy is generated during the photovoltaic conversion of the solar module which increases the temperature of the cell and will causes a fall of its electric output. This phenomenon is due, on one hand to the partial unabsorptive solar radiation which constituted the origin of the cells heating and on the other hand, with the Joule effect caused by the passage of the photo electrical current generated in the external circuit. This heating, harmful for the photovoltaic cells output involved many research efforts to limit its effects by evacuating this heat. There was also the idea to exploit this phenomenon by the combination of the photovoltaic module with a thermal system to form the photovoltaic-thermal hybrid collector (PVT) which will generate at the same time electricity and heat. In this paper we described the design of a new type of PVT collector through its experimental study. This novel collector constitutes a new technical approach to maximize the total output of conversion with lower cost compared to the traditional hybrid collectors.     

Time-of-day pricing of electrical energy: does it promote the public interest?

Time-of-day pricing of electrical energy involves rate incentives designed to encourage a shift of user demand from a utility's peak periods to its off-peak periods. Low “off-peak” rates may also serve as an incentive which encourages large, new, inelastic and/or inefficient uses of electrical energy. In the Long Island, New York, area, installation of air-to-air heat pumps for space heating and cooling may be stimulated by currently proposed time-of-day pricing structures. Possible consequences of a significant market penetration of the Long Island home heating market by the air-to-air heat pump are considered. In this case, serious questions are raised regarding the ability of the time-of-day rate structure to achieve its espoused aims. This case may be typical of other areas throughout the country.     

The Bad Blumau geothermal project: a low temperature, sustainable and environmentally benign power plant

The 250 kW geothermal project at Bad Blumau is the first geothermal project developed in Austria by the private sector following the deregulation of the electricity industry in this country. What makes the project unique besides its private ownership structure is its ability to generate electrical power and district heating for the Rogner Bad Blumau Hotel & Spa by using a low temperature geothermal resource. Installed in the record time of less than a week, the air-cooled ORMAT ® Energy Converter (OEC) CHP module has been in commercial operation since July 2001. With an annual availability exceeding 99%, between October 2001 and December 2002 the plant delivered 1,560,000 kWh to the local grid. The geothermal CHP module utilizes brine at 110 °C, available from a 3000 m deep production well. Exiting the OEC unit at a temperature of 85 °C, the brine is then fed into the district heating system, providing heat for the Rogner Bad Blumau Hotel & Spa. The geothermal brine is returned from the district heating system and injected into a 3000 m depth reinjection well. The system is a pollution-free, unattended operating power generation module, which has avoided more than 1100 kg of CO₂ emissions over its first operating year.     

电窑制备SiC结合Si3N4材料加热阶段的数值模拟

电窑中SiC-Si3N4耐火砖的烧制过程按时间可分为三个阶段,即加热阶段、化学反应烧结及冷却阶段。用数值仿真的方法模拟加热阶段,分析窑内温度场的均匀性。发现窑内热棒的位置及供热功率变化对温度分布影响较大;窑内的对流换热对改善温度场,减小砖坯的表面温差有一定作用;由于发热棒的不合理布置,使得窑内的温度场均匀性较差,升温速率较慢,电窑热效率偏低。     

DF_7系列调车机车的模块化设计

对DF7系列调车机车进行模块化设计,以柴油机功率等级为基本参数,确定机车型号,使车架和车体各室成为具有使用功能、接口界面和技术条件的结构模块,各主要机组成为通用件,以满足用户对机车的各种配置要求,组合出多种规格的机车;方便用户的培训、运用和检修组织。     

电源车动力系统控制策略研究

介绍了新型电源车动力系统中发动机和液压系统的控制策略。通过对整车运行状况分析，总结了发动机和液压系统控制的主要任务。以电子调速器为基础，借鉴有限状态机理论设计了发动机管理系统。采用前馈与反馈控制相结合的方法设计了液压系统控制器。最后通过停车发电试验对系统性能进行了验证，结果表明该电源车能够稳定的达到三级移动电站标准，同时具备行车发电潜力。新的动力系统结构很好的保证了整车机动性，具有广泛的应用前景。     

Thermal management system of lithium‐ion battery module based on micro heat pipe array

Temperature affects the performance of electric vehicle battery. To solve this problem, micro heat pipe arrays are utilized in a thermal management system that cools and heats battery modules. In the present study, the heat generation of a battery module during a charge‐discharge cycle under a constant current of 36 A (2C) was computed. Then, the cooling area of the condenser was calculated and experimentally validated. At rates of 1C and 2C, the thermal management system effectively reduced the temperature of the module to less than 40°C, and the temperature difference was controlled less than 5°C between battery surfaces of the module. A heating plate with 30‐W power effectively improved charge performance at low temperature within a short heating time and with uniform temperature distribution. Charge capacity obviously increased after heating when battery temperature was below 0°C. This study presents a new way to enhance the stability and safety of a battery module during the continuous charge‐discharge cycle at high temperatures and low temperatures accordingly.