联碱生产碳酸化工序的国产DCS的控制与优化

在杭州龙山化工总厂三座１．９８ｍ碳化塔的生产过程中，实现了国产ＤＣＳ的控制与优化。近一年来的运行表明，系统稳定可靠，显著改善了操作水平。统计在使用ＤＣＳ条件下的手动操作、自动控制与优化控制等的不同效果，优化控制经济效益显著。系统于１９９６年５月通过浙江省科委组织的技术鉴定，其智能逻辑优化控制达到国际先进水平     

2000年化工自动化展望

回顾了化工自动化发展的历程。着重从检测，基于微处理的控制装置，基于现代控制理论的先进控制系统，智能控制，安全控制，操作优化的生产调度优化，间歇控制，工艺与控制设计的计算机化八个方面展望了化工自动化的发展。     

PIT智能实时优化控制系统在熟料生产线上的应用

烧成系统是水泥生产中最重要的环节，其工艺的复杂性与影响因素的多元性给实施智能实时优化控制带来困难。PIT智能实时优化控制系统根据生产过程数据、火焰监测系统数据和化验室数据，综合考虑实际工况和外部变量的影响，利用先进的算法和控制理念，实现具有全局观的烧成系统智能实时优化控制，是进一步挖掘系统生产潜力，降低系统能耗，实现智能制造的必由之路。     

高负荷下影响聚酯产品质量的因素分析

针对洛阳化纤聚酯装置超负荷运行状态下产品等级品率不高的情况，找出了影响因素并进行分析，采取了优化工艺控制、加强粘度控制、优化TiO2研磨操作、加强设备维护等措施，提高了产品等级品率。     

大型氨厂合成塔温度优化控制

氨合成塔作为合成氨装置中的关键设备之一，其床层温度的优化操作及控制品质对提高塔内氨转化率具有很大影响，本文从工艺角度对合成塔内的最佳温度分布进行分析后提出一种迅速有效的确定氨合成塔优化状态的简易算法，并采用计算机分级控制方式，实现了氨合成塔温度优化控制。     

简讯

简讯合成氨和尿素装置优化控制和调度该项目为国家勺＼五”重点科技攻关项目，由沧州化肥厂、华东理工大学、上海化工研究院三方合作攻关，在三年时间里，取得圆满成功。在沧州化肥厂合成氨和尿素装置上实现了控制一优化一调度管理三级一体化的系统结构，在控制级充分开发...     

ZF-4型造气炉炉况监测与优化系统的应用

介绍了ZF—4型造气炉炉况监测与优化系统的监测原理、特点及在该厂的应用，该系统的应用使造气控制实现了开环程序控制到闭环优化控制的跨越，系统安全可靠，操作简单。     

基于预测的纸浆洗涤过程优化与控制

提出了基于预测的洗涤过程优化与控制一体化策略方法，该方法的控制级策略采用递推广义预测自校正控制器（ＲＧＰＣ）减少了现有广义预测控制（ＧＰＣ）算法在线计算量，同时采用多步预测信息的优化级目标函数，提高了优化策略的鲁棒性。     

基于Hurst指数的PID控制参数优化

为了提高PID控制过程的控制性能，提出一种基于Hurst指数的PID参数优化方法。首先，给出基于Hurst指数的控制性能评价方法。然后，以Hurst控制性能指标为基础，结合绝对误差积分和控制作用限制项来定义PID参数优化的目标函数，使用遗传算法来求解PID参数值。最后，通过数值仿真和工业实例验证了该方法有效性。     

蒸发系统热力方案优化控制

研究了糖厂蒸发站热力方案优化控制问题，在深入分析制炼节能关键因素的基础上，建立起实用数学模型，提出了优化控制策略，通过最优各效抽汽量的求取，进行蒸发站热力方案优化控制。生产应用结果表明，制糖生产用汽对蔗比降低１．６％，有显著的经济效益。     

Control structure synthesis for operational optimization of mixed refrigerant processes for liquefied natural gas plant

The best control structures for the energy optimizing control of propane precooled mixed refrigerant (C₃MR) processes were examined. A first principles‐based rigorous dynamic model was developed to analyze the steady‐state and dynamic behaviors of the C₃MR process. The steady‐state optimality of the C₃MR process was then examined in a whole operation space for exploring the feasibility of the energy optimizing control for possible control structures. As a result, the temperature difference (TD) between the warm‐end inlet and outlet MR streams was exploited as a promising controlled variable to automatically keep the liquefaction process close to its optimum. The closed‐loop responses were finally evaluated for every possible control structure candidate. Based on the steady‐state optimality and the dynamic performance evaluation, several control structures with a TD loop were proposed to be most favorable for the energy optimizing control of the C₃MR process. The proposed optimality approach can be applied to any natural gas liquefaction process for determining a proper controlled variable for optimizing operation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2428–2441, 2014     

Dynamic response of a double effect evaporator

The open loop dynamic response of a laboratory scale double effect evaporator has been adequately described by a simple mathematical model based on the unsteady state material and energy balances associated with the various elements of the system. Excellent agreement has been achieved between the experimentally determined response of the evaporator to large disturbances in steam rate and feed rate and the predicted response based on the digital computer solution of the non linear model.     

A least squares approach to model reduction and the design of low-order controllers

State space process models and feedback control laws are simplified by eliminating selected state variables using a modified least squares technique. The revised technique uses random perturbations to excite the high order system and the resulting reduced-order models tend to be more robust than those derived using conventional least squares and deterministic inputs. Low-order controllers were designed for a pilot scale, double effect evaporator using the modified least squares approach. These controllers performed well in both experimental and simulated response tests.     

进口与国产逆流降膜蒸发器应用的比较

介绍了降膜蒸发器的原理。通过对蓝星北化机自主设计的三效逆流降膜蒸发器与进口双效逆流降膜蒸发器应用的比较,显示国产三效降膜蒸发器汽耗低、产量高、节能环保;进口双效蒸发器设备运行稳定,占地面积小、环保效益高。     

双室双管程蒸发器的平均传热系数

针对黏度随浓度变化较大的物料在蒸发操作中传热系数低的问题,建立了新构型双室双管程蒸发器.双室双管程蒸发器将1个分离室利用隔离板分割成为2个分室,各分室分别采用串联双管程加热室操作.以甘油-水溶液为工质进行热态实验,研究了不同热通量及物料黏度下双室双管程蒸发器的平均传热系数.结果表明:双室双管程蒸发器能够实现稳定运行,平...     

Control of multivariable systems containing time delays using a multivariable smith predictor

A multivariable version of the classical Smith predictor is applied to a double effect evaporator containing time delays in the control variables and some of the output variables. As in the classical approach, the multivariable Smith predictor eliminates time delays from the characteristic equation of the closed-loop system. Simulation and experimental results for the pilot-scale evaporator are quite promising and demonstrate the feasibility of the multivariable Smith predictor for practical control problems.     

Decision support for the development,simulation and optimization of dynamic process models

Simulation is besides experimentation the major method for designing,analyzing and optimizing chemical processes.The ability of simulations to reflect real process behavior strongly depends on model quality.Validation and adaption of process models are usually based on available plant data.Using such a model in various simulation and optimization studies can support the process designer in his task.Beneath steady state models there is also a growing demand for dynamic models either to adapt faster to changing conditions or to reflect batch operation.In this contribution challenges of extending an existing decision support framework for steady state models to dynamic models will be discussed and the resulting opportunities will be demonstrated for distillation and reactor examples.     

一种新型环路重力热管的数值模拟和性能优化

研究了一种新型的环路重力热管(LGHP),并提出一种基于VOF方法的简化两相流数值模型,能够有效地模拟热管蒸发器内部气泡的产生和干涸区的位置,从而研究蒸发器内部工质的流动特性。在数值模拟的基础上改进了蒸发器的流道结构,以延缓水平放置时蒸发器干涸区的出现。通过实验验证发现改进后蒸发器的传热性能得到了很大的提高,蒸发器中制冷剂的液相积存量得以提升,使其极限热通量(CHF)提高到140 kW/m²(加热功率2000.7 W),为改进前CHF的两倍。证明该简化模型在模拟干涸区位置方面具有准确性,可以为进一步的设计和改进平板蒸发器流道结构提供参考。     

电镀废水零排放工艺的蒸发器设计与应用

结合电镀废水零排放工艺的特点,阐述了强制循环加热器、结晶分离器、强制循环泵、蒸汽压缩机等蒸发器核心设备的设计要点,并介绍了蒸发器的应用案例。运行效果表明,通过蒸发器的合理配置和设计,可以稳定实现电镀废水零排放,蒸发冷凝水可作为工艺用水全部回用于电镀生产。     

乙烷炉烧焦控制优化

乙烷炉投用后一直存在烧焦过程温度控制难度大,通过对底部燃料气调节阀设计参数更改和烧焦时裂解炉供热方式的改变,达到平稳控制裂解炉烧焦温度的目标。