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本文针对静态条件下水合物形成诱导时间长、生长缓慢、随机性大的问题,实验研究了静态系统中HCFC-141b(R141b)制冷剂水合物的生成促进技术以及表面活性剂SDS、Cu丝对HCFC-141b水合物形成的促进作用。研究结果表明SDS和Cu丝可大幅缩短HCFC-141b水合物形成诱导时间,促进静态条件下水合物的快速生成。实验发现SDS+Cu丝促进体系中的SDS添加量存在最佳质量浓度,SDS的最佳质量浓度为0.1%,在此条件下水合物形成平均诱导时间约为1.3 h,水合物生成重复性好,生成的水合物密实。 相似文献
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为解决静态系统中水合物诱导时间长、生长速度慢的问题,利用铜网较高的表面能以及适宜的网状结构,从减小成核壁垒和强化传热方面研究了常压下四氢呋喃+水体系中添加金属铜网对水合物生成的影响。实验结果表明,铜网的存在能减小晶核形成所需克服的表面能,诱导THF水合物成核,减少水合物生成的诱导时间。在实验条件下,40目铜网较80目铜网对THF水合物生成的促进效果好,水合物形成的诱导时间短。随着铜网层数的增加,水合物形成的诱导时间缩短。温度升高,THF水合物成核随机性增大。与圆柱形铜网相比,W形铜网作用下THF水合物形成诱导时间变化区间小。温度越低,水合物形成的诱导时间越短,水合物生长速度越快,生成的水合物也越密实。 相似文献
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《低温工程》2021,(4)
为了促进水合物在静态条件下快速生成,选择含有疏水脂肪异丁基侧链的L-亮氨酸来研究其对HCFC-141b水合物生成的促进效果。研究结果表明添加适量的L-亮氨酸可大幅度缩短HCFC-141b水合物形成诱导时间,提高水合物生成的稳定性。添加质量浓度1.5wt%的L-亮氨酸促进效果最好,水合物生成平均诱导时间为70 min,诱导时间标准方差最小,生成的水合物十分密实。实验同时表明水合物生成具有随机性,L-亮氨酸的添加可改善水合物生成的随机性。实验温度越低,水合物生成诱导时间缩短,生长速度快,水合物生成的随机性也越小。亮氨酸的疏水基团是促进HCFC-141b水合物生成的关键因素,含氨基酸的HCFC-141b小液滴分散在水中,促进了水合物的形成。同时,生成的HCFC-141b水合物多孔性的毛细作用也有利于水合物的生成。 相似文献
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纳米材料的特殊结构决定了其具有大的比表面积、高的表面活性等特点,因而在力学、热学、光学、电磁学等方面都具有广泛的应用。以表面活性剂形成的胶束和乳液等为模板制备纳米材料是一种常见的方法,该方法可以大大降低溶剂的表面张力并改变体系的界面组成和结构,已经引起了研究者们的高度重视。有序介孔材料具有规则可调的纳米级孔道,可用作吸附剂、催化剂、催化剂载体或模板。以表面活性剂自组装形成的聚集体为模板合成有序介孔材料由于操作简单,且材料的孔道分布更为均一,因而成为了最常见的制备方法。但目前在纳米材料及介孔材料的制备中,普遍使用传统的单链表面活性剂作为模板剂,由于该种表面活性剂结构单一,因而以其为模板所生成的纳米材料及介孔材料暴露出形貌单一且结构不易调控等缺点。双子表面活性剂由于具有特殊的胶束自组装行为、高的表面活性及分子结构中疏水链段与联结基组成可调等特点,可实现纳米材料更加良好的分散及制备具有独特形貌的纳米材料和介孔材料。根据国内外研究进展,本文从双子表面活性剂在溶液中形成的各种有序聚集体——胶束(反胶束)、囊泡及液晶等角度出发,综述了以其为模板或者微反应器制备纳米材料的研究进展,同时对以双子表面活性剂为稳定剂辅助制备纳米材料的研究进展进行了阐述,并总结了双子表面活性剂辅助制备介孔材料过程中其结构参数变化对介孔材料形貌的影响,最后对双子表面活性剂辅助制备纳米材料及介孔材料的前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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利用RC1e量热反应仪,采用在线分析技术,对四氢呋喃水合物形成的历程行为进行了研究。结果显示:四氢呋喃同水构成的二组分体系形成历经成核诱导、成核和生长过程,过程中温度和热量的变化,可以确定成核点。利用自行设计制造的天然气水合物模拟生成装置考察了添加抑制剂对水合物形成过程的影响。通过对比添加热力学抑制剂和动力学抑制剂条件下水合物的生成情况,得出普遍情况下热力学抑制剂可以将水合物的生成时间延缓3~5 h,而动力学抑制剂则在降低80%用量的情况下将水合物的生成时间延缓10 h以上。最后结合实验结果,对两种抑制剂的抑制机理进行了分析和预测。 相似文献
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水合物技术应用可归纳为分解应用和生成应用,本文就这两大应用方向对水合物进行了分类综述。从水合物分解角度,阐述了天然气水合物资源勘探开发、管道水合物解堵、水合物抑制防控等技术应用的研究进展;从水合物分解的逆过程(生成)角度,阐述了水合物储气、二氧化碳捕获与封存、海水淡化、溶液提浓、污水处理、混合气体分离、蓄冷等应用技术。同时论文结合气体水合物发展历程,概括了气体水合物技术在诸多领域的应用,指出了水合物技术发展取得的诸多成果,也提出了新形势下水合物发展所面临的问题,希望能为今后水合物技术的发展带来一定指导。 相似文献
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There is substantial evidence that the oceans of the world will pose the most important challenges in the area of hydrate formation. This work indicates three areas of concern for hydrate formation in the ocean: (1) deposits of natural gas in ocean hydrates, which will serve as an energy resource and environmental concern in the next tnillenium, (2) a recent proposal for the ocean storage of carbon dioxide in the form of hydrates, and (3) the prevention of hydrate formation in ocean pipelines. To address such applications, fundamental knowledge on the site of hydrate formation was determined. Results are presented for quiescent, high-pressure experiments done in a sapphire tube to determine the site of hydrate formation in deionized water and in mixtures with amorphous silica and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Visual (microscope aided) results are presented for formation with a typical gas mixture and with carbon dioxide.Invited paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, USA. 相似文献
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随着海底矿物开采越来越普遍,技术人员面对越来越复杂的钻探技术挑战。特别是极端条件下的深海开采,开采矿产之前,要先处理好表层的可燃冰。通过PVT仪器直接目测来观察气体水合物的形成是一种比较常用的方法。通过记录测量过程中的温压变化来确定气体水合物的形成热力学条件。但是笨重的PVT仪使得实验受限制,并且实验过程中不能有固体微粒出现。本文通过微量热法来确定水合物的成分,研究形成及分解机理,测量比热容。为了满足高压微量热试验需求,法国塞塔拉姆公司特别提出了完全革新的测试手段(法国石油学会专利技术),运用高压MICRODSC来建立气体水合物的形成热力学模型及生成动力学理论,表征水合物相变与时间、温度、压力的对应关系。MicroDSCVII是研究气体水合的专业高压微量热仪,一经推出就广受好评,样品量为0.7ml的全新样品池,并可与专业的高压控制面板相接,最大压力可以达到1000bars,温度范围为-45℃andl20℃。目前,高压MicroDSCVII已经被运用于各种条件下的气体水合物研究,诸如:气体水合物的形成机理,特别是甲烷气体水合物的研究;气体水合物在海底沉积物中的成藏机理;石油开采中水合物形成的抑制;天然气运输及储存过程中气体水合物的形成;冷藏过程中的气体水合的形成及分解等。 相似文献
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从万金塔二氧化碳气田向气站内输送原料二氧化碳过程中,经常发生二氧化碳与水形成水合物堵塞输气管道的现象,给二氧化碳的净化提纯生产带来不利的影响。研究人员在参阅相关文献的基础上,提出应用统计热力学方法来求取二氧化碳形成水合物的具体条件,并且基于实践的基础上分析了防止水合物形成的预防方法,对二氧化碳气田的开发具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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A theoretical model of a single gas bubble rising in open water is considered. It is revealed that methane bubble rising is accompanied by the formation of the hydration shell on its surface under the thermobaric conditions of the stability of hydrates. Numerical solutions for two limiting cases were obtained and analyzed, when the formation rate of the hydrated crust on the bubble surface is limited by the intensity of heat removal released in the process of hydrate formation by the surrounding liquid or the diffusion resistance of the gas hydrate crust to the transfer of hydrate-forming components. The comparison of numerical results with experimental data showed that the scheme of the diffusion transfer of hydrate-forming components through the crust describes most adequately the process of the growth of the gas hydrate particle observed in experiments of methane bubbles rising in sea water. It is established that argon bubble rising under the corresponding thermobaric conditions can occur without the formation of the hydrate on its surface. The migration of the gas bubble is accompanied by its dissolution in water. Numerical estimates for the values of the argon diffusion coefficient in water and reduced diffusion coefficients of gas (methane) and water through the hydrate crust are obtained from the conditions of matching theoretical and experimental data from the change of the argon bubble radius and the gas hydrate particle. 相似文献
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Some current challenges in clathrate hydrate science: Nucleation,decomposition and the memory effect
《Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science》2016,20(6):344-351
Among outstanding issues still to be understood regarding the clathrate hydrates are the mechanism of the processes involved in the formation and decomposition of clathrates: nucleation, decomposition, and the memory effect during reformation. The latter involves the shorter induction times required for solutions of decomposed hydrate to nucleate as compared to those for freshly prepared solutions. The formation of the clathrate hydrate phases of insoluble gases in water is accompanied by a ∼6000 fold concentration of the gas content in the solid phase compared to the aqueous phase from which it forms. The nucleation mechanism for the solid hydrate which allows the delivery of such high concentration of gas and water in one location has been the subject of much experimental and computational study. While these studies have improved our understanding of the nucleation process, many unknown aspects remain. These developments are described in this Opinion. 相似文献
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气体水合及其在空调蓄冷技术中的应用 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
本文概述了气体水合“暖冰”蓄冷这一技术的研究发展现状,简明地介绍了气体水合现象和水合物的晶体结构、热力学性质、形成条件,影响稳定性和生成速度等的因素,以及混合气体水合物的特点,阐述了气体水合物作为空调蓄冷材料的优越性和在蓄冷技术中的应用方式,并指出了气体水合蓄冷技术研究发展的一些关键问题及该技术的应用前景。 相似文献
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One of the new approaches for capturing carbon dioxide from treated flue gases (post-combustion capture) is based on gas hydrate crystallization. The basis for the separation or capture of the CO(2) is the fact that the carbon dioxide content of gas hydrate crystals is different than that of the flue gas. When a gas mixture of CO(2) and H(2) forms gas hydrates the CO(2) prefers to partition in the hydrate phase. This provides the basis for the separation of CO(2) (pre-combustion capture) from a fuel gas (CO(2)/H(2)) mixture. The present study illustrates the concept and provides basic thermodynamic and kinetic data for conceptual process design. In addition, hybrid conceptual processes for pre and post-combustion capture based on hydrate formation coupled with membrane separation are presented. 相似文献
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Hossein Sojoudi Matthew R. Walsh Karen K. Gleason Gareth H. McKinley 《Advanced Materials Interfaces》2015,2(6)
The formation and accumulation of clathrate hydrates inside oil and gas pipelines cause severe problems in deep‐sea oil/gas operations. In the present work, durable and mechanically robust bilayer poly‐divinyl benzene/poly(perfluorodecylacrylate) coatings are developed using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to reduce the adhesion strength of hydrates to underlying substrates (silicon and steel). Tetrahydrofuran (THF) dissolved in water with a wt% concentration of 0–70 is used to study the formation of hydrates and their adhesion strength. Goniometric measurements of the THF–water droplets on the substrates exhibit a reduction in advancing and receding contact angles with an increase in the THF concentration. The strength of hydrate adhesion experiences a tenfold reduction when substrates are coated with these iCVD polymers: from 1050 ± 250 kPa on bare silicon to 128 ± 100 kPa on coated silicon and from 1130 ± 185 kPa on bare steel to 153 ± 86 kPa on coated steel. The impact of subcooling temperature and time on the adhesion strength of hydrate on substrates is also studied. The results of this work suggest that the THF–water mixture repellency of a given substrate can be utilized to assess its hydrate‐phobic behavior; hence, it opens a pathway for studying hydrate‐phobicity. 相似文献