二次回路阻抗对低压电流互感器自动检定线测量误差的影响分析

电流互感器的误差与其二次绕组所接负荷相关,二次回路阻抗误差过大会影响被检互感器的误差检定结果,甚至出现误检。文章通过一起因低压电流互感器自动检定线二次压接回路阻抗过大导致误差检定结果明显偏大的实例,分析了二次回路阻抗对自动检定线测量误差的影响,提出了改善措施。     

电流互感器降匝检定对误差的影响

通过对电流互感器降匝检定中所使用的等安匝原理的分析、研究以及实验得到,电流互感器降匝检定对误差没有影响。     

在XF1b校验装置上检定精密钳形电流表示值误差

文章阐明了在ＸＦ１ｂ交、直流精密电表校验装置上采用电流互感器技术检定精密钳形电流表示值误差的方法，同时通过误差分析和标准不确定度分析对所采用方法的可行性进行了论证。     

计量用低压电流互感器自动化检定系统的研究

国内电流互感器的自动化流水线检定系统的研制工作起步较晚,目前还存在一系列问题,本文在介绍低压电流互感器自动化检定系统基本工作原理的基础上,分析了该系统的误差来源,探讨性地提出了整检方案。     

检定电流互感器时应注意的问题

无论是使用在电力系统中还是应用在电学计量中的电流互感器,都要按照ＪＪＧ３１３－１９９４电流互感器检定规程的规定进行周期检定。应按如下程序进行：１．外观检查;２．绝缘电阻的测定;３,工频电压试验;４．绕组极性的检查;５．退磁;６．误差的测量。对于前５项,只要按照规程的要求逐项进行检定就可以了。这里重点谈一谈用比较法进行电流互感器的误差测量时应注意的几个问题。 １．二次阻抗的匹配问题。由于电流互感器的次级负荷阻抗一般很小,只有零点几欧姆或者几欧姆,所以,连接被检电流互感器二次侧的导线应用较粗一点的,…     

数字式互感器校验仪误差频率特性的试验分析及改善

目前国内外广泛使用的数字式互感器校验仪,大多数都存在一定的频率附加误差,影响了电压、电流互感器检定结果的可靠性。文章分析了数字式互感器校验仪的基本原理及传统阻容移相电路存在的问题,通过复合检定方法,给出数字式互感器校验仪误差频率特性的测量数据,并对测量数据进行二次多项式曲线拟合。试验结果表明,数字式互感器校验仪正交分量误差的频率特性为频率偏差的一阶变量,频率变化1%会给测量误差带来1%左右的影响。为了避免频率特性引入的误差,文章在分析传统阻容移相电路的基础上介绍了几种改善误差频率特性的方法。     

使用电流互感器的几个问题

现场测量交流大电流时经常需要电流互感器与交流电流表配合使用，电流互感器的选择要依据测量需要和它的初级额定电流、额定容量、准确度等特性。在使用之前必须送有关计量部门进行检定，确认其合格才可使用。1选择电流互感器应注意的问题（1）JJG314—83测量用电流互感器检定规程规定了其允许误差，见表1。表1电流互感器允许误差表表1说明电流互感器的实际误差曲线不应超过表中所列允许误差值连线所形成的折线范围，而且同一互感器在不同的初级电流下的允许误差不同，在初级额定电流附近时允许误差最小，为了保证测量精度，应选择初级额…     

检定电流互感器时的二次负荷

检定电流互感器时的二次负荷电流互感器的检定，一般采用比较法，即将一个被检电流互感器与标准电流互感器进行比较，由互感器校骏仪测出被检电流互感器相对于标准电流互感器的比差ｆ和角差δ．按检定规程规定，各准确级电流互感器必须保证在２５／～１００％额定负荷范围...     

试析电流互感器检定装置中连接导线引起的误差

电流互感器检定装置中，互感器二产欠，连接导线引起的附加误差，是以系统误差的形式体现的检定结果中的，本文在考证误差存在的基础上，分析了误差的来源，并提供了二次导线的选配公式和基它消除误差的方法。     

降低计量装置误差措施

电能计量装置的误差直接关系到计量的准确性 ,关系到供电企业的经济效益和社会效益。电能计量的综合误差是由电压互感器合成误差、电流互感器合成误差、电能表误差及电压互感器二次导线压降引起的误差所组成。对油田工业用户来说 ,根据各用电户的实际情况 ,分别采用了准确度为 0 5级或 0 2级电压互感器和电流互感器 ,采用 1 0级 (或 0 5级 )的电能表 ,准确度等级已满足计量检定规程的要求 ,但在对油田电网各大变电站计量装置误差的测试结果表明 ,电压互感器二次导线压降( 3～ 6V)是造成计量误差大的主要原因。针对这一问题 ,本文结合我…     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.