基于傅里叶变换的遥感图像配准算法

提出了一种基于傅里叶的遥感图像自动配准方法,图像间的变化包括平移、旋转及比例变化。该方法是傅里叶相位相关技术的扩展,其主要优点是在不需要寻找控制点和传感器参数的情况下进行图像自动配准。通过对数一极坐标变换、利用傅里叶变换的比例特性和旋转特性搜索图像间的比例和旋转变化,利用傅里叶的相位相关技术(能量谱)确定图像间的平移关系,实验结果表明了此方法的可行性和有效性。     

Pseudopolar-based estimation of large translations, rotations, and scalings in images.

One of the major challenges related to image registration is the estimation of large motions without prior knowledge. This paper presents a Fourier-based approach that estimates large translations, scalings, and rotations. The algorithm uses the pseudopolar (PP) Fourier transform to achieve substantial improved approximations of the polar and log-polar Fourier transforms of an image. Thus, rotations and scalings are reduced to translations which are estimated using phase correlation. By utilizing the PP grid, we increase the performance (accuracy, speed, and robustness) of the registration algorithms. Scales up to 4 and arbitrary rotation angles can be robustly recovered, compared to a maximum scaling of 2 recovered by state-of-the-art algorithms. The algorithm only utilizes one-dimensional fast Fourier transform computations whose overall complexity is significantly lower than prior works. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithms.     

基于四参数仿射模型的快速运动估计算法

为减少求解二维相位相关带来的运算量负担,提出了一种快速四参数运动估计算法.首先,进行图像幅度谱对数极坐标变换,把旋转、缩放参数降维成平移参数估计;然后,使用均值灰度投影技术替代二维相位相关,将二维数据投影到一维空间,通过一维最优相关,求解水平与垂直方向上的偏移量.实验结果表明,与相位相关技术相比,由于采用降维和快速搜索策略,求取位移的算法复杂度由O(N2log2N)下降到O(log22N),256×256图像块的计算时间由原来0.266 s下降到0.062 s,缩放精度＜0.05,旋转精度＜0.5°.     

A signal processing approach to symmetry detection.

We present an algorithm that detects rotational and reflectional symmetries of two-dimensional objects. Both symmetry types are effectively detected and analyzed using the angular correlation (AC), which measures the correlation between images in the angular direction. The AC is accurately computed using the pseudopolar Fourier transform, which rapidly computes the Fourier transform of an image on a near-polar grid. We prove that the AC of symmetric images is a periodic signal whose frequency is related to the order of the symmetry. This frequency is recovered via spectrum estimation, which is a proven technique in signal processing with a variety of efficient solutions. We also provide a novel approach for finding the center of symmetry and demonstrate the applicability of our scheme to the analysis of real images.     

Real-time motion compensation, image formation and image enhancement of moving targets in ISAR and SAR using S-methodbased approach

The commonly used technique for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR)/synthetic aperture radar signal analysis is a two-dimensional Fourier transform (FT), which results in an image of the target's reflectivity mapped onto a range and cross-range plane. However, in cases where the line-of-sight projections of the target's point velocities change or there is uncompensated movement within the coherent integration time, the FT produces blurred images. For target recognition applications, mainly those in military surveillance and reconnaissance operations, a blurred ISAR image has to be refocused quickly so that it can be used for real-time target identification. Two standard techniques used for improvement of blurred ISAR images are motion compensation and the use of quadratic time-frequency representations. Both are computationally intensive. The authors present an effective quadratic time-frequency representation, the S-method. This approach performs better than the Fourier transform method by drastically improving images of fast manoeuvring targets and by increasing the SNR in both low and high noise environments. These advantages are a result of the S-method's ability to automatically compensate for quadratic and all even higher-order phase terms. Thus, targets with constant acceleration will undergo full motion compensation and their point scatterers will each be localised. It should be noted that the source of the quadratic term can come not only from acceleration, but also from non-uniform rotational motion and the cosine term in wide-angle imaging. The method is also computationally simple, requiring only slight modifications to the existing FT-based algorithm. The effectiveness of the S-method is demonstrated through application to simulated and experimental data sets.     

一种基于波程差补偿的InISAR图像配准方法

逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)图像配准是干涉逆合成孔径雷达(InISAR)成像领域一个关键的课题,可以实现同一散射点在不同ISAR图像中的对齐,以便于后续的ISAR图像干涉处理。该文分析了ISAR图像失配准的原因,即散射点到不同天线之间的波程差,并据此提出一种基于波程差补偿的方法来实现不同天线ISAR图像之间的精确配准。首先通过调频傅里叶变换估计目标相对于雷达的转速;进一步根据波程差与目标转动角速度的关系构建补偿相位消除散射点到不同天线间的波程差,并通过2维傅里叶变换获得配准之后的ISAR图像。最后利用干涉处理获得目标真实的3维结构。该文方法可以在回波域通过波程差补偿实现ISAR图像配准,配准之后的各散射点在图像中的位置相同;而经过相关法配准之后的ISAR图像中的各散射点之间有一个像素单元的错位,即该方法的配准效果更精确。此外,基于相关法的图像配准方法耗时达到万秒级,而基于该方法的ISAR图像配准时间仅为秒级,即该方法计算效率更高。最终的InISAR 3维成像结果中,该方法的散射点坐标重构误差为0.3034,而基于相关法的成像结果的误差(45.8529)远大于此。因此,基于所提出方法的InISAR 3维成像结果精度更高。      

Scaling of Rotational Quantities for Simultaneous Testing of Powertrain Subsystems with Different Scaling on a X-in-the-Loop Test Bench

X-in-the-loop (XiL) enables testing of a hardware prototype considering the remaining system by emulation of the system behavior to support early validation in the context of frontloading. To test a scaled prototype integrated in a remaining system, an adjustment of the rotational quantities between the prototype and remaining system is necessary. It is currently unclear, how scaling factors based on similarity methods adapt rotational quantities in a real-time XiL test bench for simultaneous testing.In this paper, scaling factors for the adaptation of rotational quantities between interconnected systems are derived and verified to enable scaled component testing considering the remaining system. This enables simultaneous testing of powertrain components with different scaling in real-time. With the example of a safety clutch, the rotational quantities are adapted. Using the derived scaling factors, the clutch torque could be recreated by using a scaled clutch. This opens up new possible applications for simultaneous testing of systems with different scaling.     

The effect of pulse phase errors on the chirp scaling SARprocessing algorithm

The chirp scaling (CS) SAR processing algorithm uses the linear FM property of the transmitted pulses to provide accurate range cell migration correction. However, when the transmitted pulse is not linear FM, or if the FM rate is not known exactly, processing errors due to chirp scaling will result. This paper presents the resulting processing error in the CS algorithm, given pulse phase errors that exceed those expected in SAR systems. The registration and phase error that result in chirp scaling are negligible for typical or stable pulse phase errors, or can be avoided if phase modulation coefficients are estimated from the replica. A fast Fourier transformed pulse replica is sufficient to form the range matched filter in the CS algorithm, giving slightly better range resolution than the range/Doppler (R/D) algorithm     

Accuracy assessment of layer decomposition using simulatedangiographic image sequences

Layer decomposition is a promising method for obtaining accurate densitometric profiles of diseased coronary artery segments. This method decomposes coronary angiographic image sequences into moving densitometric layers undergoing translation, rotation, and scaling. In order to evaluate the accuracy of this technique, we have developed a technique for embedding realistic simulated moving stenotic arteries in real clinical coronary angiograms. We evaluate the accuracy of layer decomposition in two ways. First, we compute tracking errors as the distance between the true and estimated motion of a reference point in the arterial lesion. We find that noise-weighted phase correlation and layered background subtraction are superior to cross correlation and fixed mask subtraction, respectively. Second, we compute the correlation coefficient between the true vessel profile and the raw and processed images in the region of the stenosis. We find that layer decomposition significantly improves the correlation coefficient.     

A new method for the compensation of the SAR range cell migrationbased on the chirp z-transform

Precision synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data processing requires the compensation of the range-dependent range cell migration (RDRCM) phenomenon. This paper describes a new method that permits the compensation of the RDRCM effect using a nonstandard Fourier transform (FT). This operation is applied, in the two-dimensional Fourier domain, to the range signal spectrum and allows the compensation of the azimuth frequency-dependent scaling factor due to the RDRCM. The nonstandard FT is performed via a chirp z-transform that is carried out with one convolution operation and two phase multiplications     

Two-dimensional discrete fractional Fourier transform-based content removal algorithm

This paper proposes a novel content removal technique for enhancing the camera identification performance. Here, very low bit rate videos with the overall noise patterns having time-varying statistics are considered. First, different two-dimensional discrete fractional Fourier transforms with different rotational angles are applied to the overall noise pattern of each frame of each video. Second, the modulus of each element of each transformed matrix is normalized to one if the rotational angles of the transforms are not equal to the integer multiples of \(\pi \). Third, the corresponding two-dimensional inverse discrete fractional Fourier transform is applied to each normalized matrix, and the corresponding real part is taken out for the further processing. Fourth, the absolute values of the elements in each normalized real-valued matrix are bounded by certain threshold values. Here, different threshold values are employed for different rotational angles. Finally, the processed matrices are averaged over all the rotational angles and all the frames of the videos of the same camera. To evaluate the performance, the correlation function is employed. Extensive computer numerical simulations are preformed. The obtained results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods (Kang et al. in IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 7(2):393–402, 2012; Li in IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 5(2):280–287, 2010).     

基于频域遮隔及分数阶相关的反辐射导弹检测技术

该文提出一种基于频域遮隔及分数阶相关来检测反辐射导弹(ARM)的新方法。该方法利用雷达回波的频域(Fourier变换)数据,根据尖锋作遮隔处理后,直接运用基于分数阶Fourier变换(FrFT)和Fourier逆变换的分数阶相关方法,通过一维搜索来检测ARM。由于该方法利用了现有的Fourier数据,且分数阶Fourier变换可以通过Fourier变换实现,无需多通道相位补偿和二维搜索,故计算量小。仿真结果表明,该方法能够在ARM信噪比低达#61485;10dB,ARM与载机回波功率比为#61485;27dB的情况下,准确地检测出ARM,从而实现ARM发射的早期告警。     

一种高精度的ISAR转动补偿和方位定标方法

传统逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像算法忽略了目标回波的高阶转动相位的影响,导致方位向聚焦效果较差,且无法直接从目标图像中获取目标尺寸信息。该文提出一种转动补偿和方位定标方法。该方法采用回波的全部方位信息,通过构造局部平均多普勒趋势(LADT)信号获取目标回波的多普勒变化趋势。进一步利用随机采样一致(RANSAC)算法估计多普勒调频率及目标有效转动速度,实现高精度转动补偿与方位定标。仿真与实测数据实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

The Sinc and Cosinc Transform

A new transform, the sinc and cosinc transform, uses Walsh functions to obtain the Fourier transform. This technique converts a staircase approximation of a function to a set of sinc and cosinc terms in the frequency domain that is equivalent to the Fourier transform. The calculation is slower than the fast Fourier transform (FFT) but is devoid of aliasing. The interpolation and scaling in the frequency domain are built in, and any frequency point may be chosen without changing the number or spacing of the samples in the time domain. The intervening set of coefficients is computed more rapidly than those obtained using the fast Hadamard transform.     

Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images

Many electronic watermarks for still images and video content are sensitive to geometric distortions. For example, simple rotation, scaling, and/or translation (RST) of an image can prevent blind detection of a public watermark. In this paper, we propose a watermarking algorithm that is robust to RST distortions. The watermark is embedded into a one-dimensional (1-D) signal obtained by taking the Fourier transform of the image, resampling the Fourier magnitudes into log-polar coordinates, and then summing a function of those magnitudes along the log-radius axis. Rotation of the image results in a cyclical shift of the extracted signal. Scaling of the image results in amplification of the extracted signal, and translation of the image has no effect on the extracted signal. We can therefore compensate for rotation with a simple search, and compensate for scaling by using the correlation coefficient as the detection measure. False positive results on a database of 10 000 images are reported. Robustness results on a database of 2000 images are described. It is shown that the watermark is robust to rotation, scale, and translation. In addition, we describe tests examining the watermarks resistance to cropping and JPEG compression.     

咀嚼过程人脸颊外形动态变化的光学三维测量

通过CCD摄像机快速获取由罗奇(Rochi)光栅投影到处于动态变化过程中人脸表面上的一系列变形条纹,经过傅立叶变换、频谱滤波、逆傅立叶变换及相位展开等处理后得到重建的一系列脸部颊面面形,再现处于咀嚼过程中的人脸颊部动态变化过程。     

基于频域分析的图像匹配定位算法的研究

首先对基于频域的抗旋转匹配算法和相关函数傅里叶变换匹配算法做了研究和分析,然后在相关函数傅里叶变换匹配算法的基础上,研究讨论了基于快速傅里叶变换和积分图的匹配定位算法,从而证明了基于频域相关技术做图像匹配具有相关峰尖锐突出、精度高、抗噪、对局部灰度变化不敏感等优点。     

基于伪逆极坐标傅里叶变换的快速ISAR方位定标

在逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像中,由距离多普勒或时频分析方法得到的ISAR图像方位向仅是目标的多普勒频率分布,不能反映目标的真实形状,需对ISAR图像进行方位定标。该文提出一种快速的ISAR方位定标方法来估计目标的旋转角速度(RAV)。首先,该方法利用高效的伪逆极坐标快速傅里叶变换把两幅不同时刻ISAR图像的旋转运动转化为沿极角的平移运动。然后,在极坐标域定义了一种新的积分相关代价函数来粗估目标的RAV。最后,通过采用二分法估计得到最优的RAV,进而实现ISAR方位定标。相比于现有方位定标算法,所提方法避免了插值操作带来的精度损失和高计算复杂度问题。计算机仿真和实测数据实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。     

Research on phase-detecting method for coherent combining beams in fiber laser array

A novel method for phase-detecting of each individual beam in coherent beam combining system of fiber laser array based on the property of time-shift of fast Fourier transform is reported. It takes advantage of the relative movement of fringe- pattern to detect the phase shift between each individual beam and reference beam. No frequency shift component for reference beam is required in the system. At the same time, the acquisition fringe-pattern is firstly tailored to a few multiple of fringes in order to reduce the phase-detecting error caused by energy leakage during the course of fast Fourier transform. This technique can greatly reduce the effect of energy leakage and thus improve the phase-detecting precision. Basic principle of the new phase-detecting method is described in detail, and numerical results show that the phase-detecting error is less than 1/1000 wavelength by utilizing our method.     

傅立叶计算全息数字水印在彩色图像印刷防伪中的应用

设计了一种针对彩色图像打印-扫描过程的基于傅立叶计算全息技术的数字水印系统.在该系统中我们首次提出将傅立叶计算全息数字水印技术应用于彩色图像印刷防伪,并为之设计了相应的提取程序.该系统与目前其他的针对打印-扫描过程的数字水印系统相比,具有抗剪切、盲检测、水印信息量大等特点.在彩色图像印刷防伪方面具有明显的应用前景.