循旧化新,浑然自成

从两项与“嘉庚风格”建筑保护相关的设计实践，探讨了修旧如旧，形旧意新和循旧化新，有机生长两种保护性设计方法。从建筑风貌保护与发展的角度，归纳了建筑风貌保护的主体性，制宜性，时代性。     

可变性探索

“转化空间”（Convertible）意味着建筑/空间不只出现/被使用一次，只要它具有可用性，就有潜力被转化，这一期的专集以“转化空间”为命题，主要研究空间的可变性，生长性及可持续化问题，     

建筑就是艺术申论

作者从建筑的“功利性”“技术性”“经济性”并不能否定建筑就是艺术的观点出发，为建筑就是立体艺术提出了自己的申述，并分析了“建筑不是艺术”论的消极意义。     

地点性—铁的建筑规律

建筑三大规律之一的“地点性”是建筑区别于其他物质产品的唯一特有规律。建筑及其设计方案之成败首先在于建筑的选址即地点，在于其“特定地点性三要素”间的关系，这就是中国传统建筑观念中的所谓“风水”，这是建筑中一条永恒的真理。     

循旧化新,浑然自成--"嘉庚风格"建筑保护性设计二题

从两项与“嘉庚风格”建筑保护相关的设计实践 ,探讨了修旧如旧、形旧意新和循旧化新、有机生长两种保护性设计方法。从建筑风貌保护与发展的角度 ,归纳了建筑风貌保护的主体性、制宜性、时代性     

昆明理工大学设计研究院——云南金鹰购物中心

方案设计以一种“预性体量”来整合空间关系，以一种“内敛”的方式来削弱建筑过大的体量，以一种生态自然的曲面元素来塑造一个蕴含生命的建筑；建筑以简洁、圆滑的曲面将10层的巨大体量进行有效的弱化。赋予建筑生动，大面墙体采用了点状彩钢板和象征生长要素的“枝状”肌理。使建筑具有内涵活力和强烈的个性特征；在材料的使用方面。运用了现代材料铝板玻璃和石材。其均质质感和通透创造了建筑的体量感、轻盈感和现代气息，使建筑内部功能向外扩展，感染着周围的人群。符合现代商业建筑的特征。[第一段]     

细胞生长·脉络——当代大学校园可持续发展布局方式探寻

沿用“细胞生长”的视角,研究大学校园空间组织的有机性,探讨单体建筑、建筑组团、簇群、整体校园等之间的关系,提出大学校园空间布局的可持续发展的一种模式。     

“绿色建筑”内涵及其工程实例剖析

梗概介绍了近几年来风靡建筑界的“绿色建筑”的由来和内涵，并通过剖析沈阳“河畔花园”工程，进一步阐述了“绿色建筑”所应解决的几个关键技术问题。最后论证了“绿色建筑”的可持续发展性。     

探求“场所精神”的一次实践──北大科技发展中心方案设计构思

探求“场所精神”的一次实践──北大科技发展中心方案设计构思刘淼“场所”（ｐｌａｃｅ）和“空间”（ｓｐａｃｅ）这两个词表达的含义似乎十分相近，但在建筑艺术领域中，却绝不能相互代替，因为“场所”具有“精神”。正是“场所精神”使生长在某种特定环境之中的建筑...     

湖南大学法学院、建筑学院建筑群

设计体现了“场域”意识，让“建筑从土里生长出来”。在自身限定的区域中，设计从场地到建筑统一采用水刷石饰面，对光形成漫反射，使建筑“折旧”而易于融入周遭，结合坡地地形设置的舒缓的台阶踏步．在逐级上升过程中自然渐变为建筑本体．完成一个共同的“场域”。我尝试用湘江中的石子作为材料．用水刷石这种传统工艺做外墙。把石子墙面延伸到室内，水刷石对光具有漫反射和折射效果，在不同季节、天气和阳光角度下可以呈现不同的色泽和感觉。     

Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit von magnetisch induktiven Betondeckungsmessungen

Assessment of the accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current devices The use of non‐destructive testing in civil‐engineering (NDT‐CE) is well established to assess as‐built drawings for existing structures as well as for quality assurance of new buildings or in case of concrete repair. To gain reliable results the choice of the appropriate testing method in combination with the correct data assessment is essential. Hence this article starts with the basics of the two typical testing methods for concrete cover measurement with high precision. Methods based on Eddy Current and based on Radar are different. The strengths and limitations of both methods are presented. In the second part the achievable accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current will be assessed for the most important parameters that have been varied in a wide range. It is shown how results are influenced by an improper input of the diameter or by the effect of neighbored rebars. At the end of the article it is shown how the deviation of the results can be minimized using the internal neighboring rebar correction of some of the devices. This article does not intend to be a product test rather the influence parameters of measurements close to reality will be identified and quantified how the accuracy of concrete cover measurements is affected.     

基坑开挖对邻近任意角度建筑物影响的有限元分析

实测结果表明,邻近基坑的建筑物与基坑边互不垂直时,基坑开挖将导致墙体同时发生挠曲变形与扭转变形。三维有限元分析表明,对与基坑边成一定角度的建筑物,当其跨越坑外沉降槽最低点或沉降曲线上凸区域时,建筑物所产生的扭转变形最为显著。随着建筑物与基坑距离的变化和建筑物纵墙与基坑边之间夹角的变化,当建筑物位于天然地面沉降挠曲程度较大的位置时,建筑物的挠曲变形对墙体拉应变起主要作用,墙体最大拉应变发生在建筑物纵墙垂直于基坑边,即纵墙与基坑边相互垂直时是建筑物的最不利位置;而当建筑物位于天然地面挠曲程度较小的位置时,墙体的拉应变源于挠曲变形与扭转变形的共同作用,纵墙墙体的最大拉应变将发生在与基坑边成一定角度的建筑物纵墙上,此时纵墙与基坑边垂直并不是建筑物的最不利位置。     

ÖBB Steyrtalbrücke – Belastungsprobe und Langzeitmessungen

ÖBB Steyrtalbridge – Load test and long term measurements At km 65,621 of the railroad track between Linz and Selzthal the Steyrtalbridge was rebuilt in the years 2013 and 2014. The essential design criterion from the client ÖBB Infrastruktur AG was the endeavor of an optimized bridge under consideration of life‐cylce‐cost, which among other things despite a bridge length of 182 m can be designed without high‐maintenance breather switches. Based on the current standards and certain design flexibilities, which are allowed in the codes special ways and techniques were used to calculate the rail tension. With this results of the rail‐structure‐interaction it was possible to design without breather switches. As consequence of the assumptions in the planning process it was necessary to make comprehensive measurements which shall give information of the real behavior of the bridge and compare them with the assumptions and results of the static calculation. Therefor static and dynamic load test were performed before opening to regular traffic. In addition long term measurements were carried out to evaluate the load‐bearing behavior over time and to confirm the calculation approaches for the verification of the rail‐structure‐interaction. In this article the planning of the monitoringsystem, the implementation and results of the load test and the following long term measurements are illustrated.     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Beurteilung der Tragfähigkeit von geschädigten Stahlbetonbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse einer Bauwerksprüfung

Structural Reliability Assessment of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridges on the Basis of the Results from a Bridge Inspection The regular bridge inspection is of high importance for the reliable use of the infrastructure. This paper describes and explains a method with supports the engineers of a bridge inspection in the assessment of the damaged bridges during or directly after the inspection. Based on this initial estimate the urgent measures i.e. a lower permitted bridge class can still be carried out before more detailed inspections and calculations have been done. The reliability analyses for the damaged bridges are carried out using first order and second order reliability method (FORM and SORM). The probability of failure, p_f or the safety index, of the system respectively are the main results of the calculation procedure. This paper shows the approach and the application with an example. Particularly in the communal sector the method can be helpful, because it can not be assumed that in all cases the regular bridge inspections and the appropriate maintenance have been carried out.     

Bewertung einer alten genieteten Stahlbrücke – Die Bösebrücke in Berlin

Evaluation of an old riveted steel bridge – The Böse‐Bridge in Berlin, Germany. This report is about the recalculation of the Böse‐Bridge in Berlin which was built between 1912 and 1916. A special feature of this three‐bayed truss arch bridge is the nickel steel used in the main bay. Different models have been used to recalculate the main structure, the truss nodes and the carriageway slab. The static analysis is based on the semi‐probabilistic concept. As a result of this recalculation the construction was classified to have the bridge capacity 30‐30 according to DIN 1072. Finally, this report concludes by determining the remaining lifetime depending on the concept of the Wöhler curves.     

捕捉“光线”——解读葡萄牙“梅莉德斯周末住宅”

本文以阿雷斯·马特乌斯兄弟设计的梅莉德斯周末住宅的院子为线索,通过其与冈卡罗·伯内设计的“阿维罗大学的校长楼”进行比较,揭示了“光线”是其设计的核心。这为我们研究葡萄牙建筑提供了更为全面的视野。但更为重要的是,文章表明了类型学的方法论在中国大规模快速建造的今天更具现实意义。     

Feldversuche mit dem Brückenklappverfahren

Field Tests with the Balanced Lift Method As a counterpart to the lowering arch construction method the “balanced lift method” for bridge girders is suggested. The bridge girders can be built in combination with the pier using climbing forms in a vertical position. Therefore, during the production no bending stresses are generated in the girders. Thus, the balanced lift method allows lower costs and a shorter construction time than the traditional balanced cantilever method. The span of the bridge girders is reduced by the compression struts or tension ties which results in substantial savings in construction materials compared to the balanced cantilever method for bridge construction. The proposed method will be especially advantageous for bridges with high piers. The range of the span length for the application of the balanced lift method ranges between 50 m and 250 m.     

Entwicklung eines baupraktischen Näherungsverfahrens zur Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Massivbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse von Bauwerksüberprüfungen

Im vorliegenden Teil 2 des Beitrags wird die Entwicklung des baupraktischen Näherungsverfahrens für die Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Massivbrücken im Rahmen der RI‐EBW‐PRÜF vorgestellt. Wesentlicher Inhalt ist dabei die Modellierung der Modellunsicherheit Bauwerksprüfer, da die Bewertung der Mängel und Schäden an einem Brückenbauwerk durch den jeweiligen Bauwerksprüfer einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Zustandsbewertung hat. Zudem wird auf die Dimensionsanalyse von Grenzzustandsfunktionen näher eingegangen, da damit bei geschickter Normierung eine allgemein gültige Anwendung des Verfahrens erreicht werden kann. Die Anwendung des Verfahrens erfolgt mit einem Software‐Tool, das abschließend vorgestellt wird. In Teil 1 des Beitrags wurden die Grundlagen des Verfahrens sowie die Entwicklung der veränderten stochastischen Material‐ und Geometrieparameter infolge Schädigung behandelt. Development of an Approximation Procedure for a Structural Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridges on the Basis of the Results from Bridge Inspection Part 2 of the paper shows the development of the approximation procedure for the reliability assessment of reinforced concrete bridges according to RI‐EBW‐PRÜF. An essential part of this is the development carried out by the model uncertainty bridge inspector, as the respective bridge inspector's individual assessment of the damage of a bridge has a decisive influence on the condition evaluation. Furthermore, the dimensional analyses of ultimate limit states are shown, as the general use of the developed methodology can be achieved with an ingenious standardization. The application of the procedure with the developed software tool is presented in conclusion. Part 1 of the two papers describes the basics of the methodology and shows the development of the stochastic models for the material and geometry parameters which have changed as a result of damage.     

Museumsinsel Berlin – Geotechnische Untersuchungen für die Grundinstandsetzung und Ergänzung des Pergamonmuseums

Museum Island in Berlin – Geotechnical investigations for the overhauling and completion of the Pergamon Museum. Overhauling the Pergamon Museum on the Museum Island in Berlin is a particularly complex task concerning geotechnics. On the one hand the substratum and ground water conditions in the area concerned are very inhomogeneous and on the other hand the Pergamon Museum and its neighbouring museums are especially valuable buildings worthy of protection. The initial target of the geotechnical investigation programme was to further safeguard the substratum and ground water conditions. Here systematic investigation of the substratum was carried out based on old historical drillings in order to enable the use of innovative special civil and underground engineering procedures. Furthermore it was necessary to investigate the foundation situation of the existing buildings. The planning objective is the technical and cost‐effectively optimized choice of the required geotechnical measures for the intended overhaul and refurbishment of the Pergamon Museum.