TS—254型拖拉机转向机下垂臂轴锻造工艺

此文对ＴＳ－２５４型拖拉机转向机下垂臂轴的制坯工艺、模具结构设计作了介绍，同时对锻造过程容易出现的典型问题和锻造缺陷进行了分析，并提出了解决问题和避免缺陷的措施。     

枝芽类控制臂成形工艺研究

针对枝芽类控制臂自由锻制坯一模锻工艺材料利用率及生产效率低、锻件充不满等缺点,提出辊锻制坯、模锻成形的工艺方案。通过对辊锻各道次尺寸参数设计,建立三维几何模型,运用Deform软件对其成形过程进行数值模拟,分析其辊锻制坯及模锻成形过程速度场、成形载荷、等效应力场和等效应变场等变化规律。结果表明：枝芽类控制臂辊锻制坯、模锻成形的工艺能获得成形质量良好的锻件,并提高了材料利用率及生产率。     

铝合金控制臂多向挤压制坯及模锻成形工艺

提出了采用多向挤压工艺为复杂枝权类控制臂锻件成形锻造预制坯。选取典型的复杂铝合金控制臂锻件,通过有限元模拟分析,研究了多向挤压成形过程中毛坯温度、材料流动速度、流线及挤压成形力和模锻成形过程中的温度分布及模具充填情况。模拟结果表明:当坯料成形温度为540℃、模具加热保温至200℃时,挤压后两枝权温度为520℃,枝权头部温度约为480℃,无须进行二次加热。模锻成形材料变形均匀,模具充填效果好,飞边较小,表明挤压制坯与锻造型腔较好匹配。最后,通过多向液压机对模拟进行了验证,结果表明,多向挤压制坯成形工艺可以获得高质量的控制臂锻件预制坯,该工艺具有可行性。     

刮板锻造成形工艺的模拟研究

针对刮板锻造成形进行工艺分析,确定合适的分模面。利用有限元软件对刮板的2种制坯工艺方案模拟,确定合理的制坯工艺。选用不同尺寸的坯料,模拟分析金属流动情况、应力应变分布、成形载荷等,确定最优坯料,提高材料利用率。     

控制臂模锻成形工艺优化设计

控制臂现阶段成形工艺多、生产效率低、劳动强度大,并且材料的利用率低于50%。通过对控制臂三维几何模型的建立,采用辊锻制坯工艺,结合控制臂的形状特点,合理的设计弯曲模。利用有限元数值模拟软件DEFORM-3D对模锻成形过程进行数值模拟,对终锻模进行了优化,提出了带阻力墙终锻模,通过数值模拟分析得出合格的锻件,并且材料利用率提高至70%。     

冷温热结合新工艺成形汽车转向螺杆

介绍了苏州银涛精密锻造公司开发的汽车转向螺杆的冷温热结合新工艺,此工艺是一种由热锻制坯,温锻预成形,冷挤压最终成形相结合的精密成形工艺。该工艺大大提高了汽车转向螺杆的生产速度,材料节约了30%,机械加工时间缩短了70%,经济效益显著。     

汽车弯臂锻造工艺改进

以轻卡汽车弯臂零件为对象,分析了其原有锻造成形工艺;根据金属塑性流动理论和设计方法,改进了弯臂零件锻造成形工艺;经过实践证明,改进后的工艺不仅提高了材料利用率、模具寿命,降低了生产成本,还起到了节能减排的社会效益.     

汽轮机导叶片多向模锻制坯工艺技术研究

对汽轮机导叶片的制坯工艺进行了对比分析。自由锻制坯存在一致性差、表面棱角多、微裂纹等缺陷;锤上模锻制坯成形质量较好,但材料利用率较低、生产成本较高;多向模锻制坯成形质量最优、材料利用率最高。为深入研究多向模锻制坯工艺技术,本文运用数值模拟技术直观分析多向模锻制坯工艺过程,坯料与模具温度场、应力场、受力变化等。通过模拟分析预测生产中存在的问题,从而采取相应措施预防缺陷的产生,提高产品质量。经生产试验证明多向模锻制坯工艺技术极大提高了制坯质量和生产效率,解决了传统自由锻开坯方式存在的问题。     

汽车后桥从动齿轮闭式模锻工艺研究

提高材料利用率、生产效率、锻件精度,是闭式模锻工艺和设计中需要解决的主要问题.通过采用自由锻锤制坯一扩孔机预成形一摩擦压力机闭式模锻的复合锻造工艺,充分利用了几种锻压工艺的优点,合理地安排锻造工艺,实现了汽车后桥从动齿轮锻件的闭式模锻;与传统模锻工艺相比,节约原材料约17.5%,在技术、经济上都取得了良好的效果.     

一种提高长轴类转向节锻件材料利用率的组合模具北大核心CSCD

针对立式锻造工艺成形长轴类转向节锻件时存在的锻件轴部充填困难、材料利用率低等问题,以某长轴转向节锻件为例,提出了一种新的组合模具,该模具中的镦粗工序对坯料进行预分料,使镦粗后的坯料投影全部落在制坯模具型腔内;制坯、预锻模具采用阻力墙组合结构,提高坯料轴部的充填能力;制坯、终锻模具设计定位结构,提高坯料的定位准确性。并结合数值模拟仿真分析技术,模拟并分析了新组合模具的成形性能,最后通过生产试验验证了新组合模具的可行性。结果表明:采用新的组合模具,下料重量由原来的47.7 kg减小至42.9 kg,材料利用率达到了91%,较优化前的模具结构提高了8%。     

Computer aided preform design in forging using the inverse die contact tracking method

The inverse die contact tracking method presented in this paper utilizes both the forward and inverse finite element simulations to design the preform shapes in forging processes. The procedure starts with the forward simulation of a candidate preform into the final forging shape. A record of the boundary condition changes is produced by identifying when a particular segment of the die makes contact with the workpiece surfaces in forward simulation. This recorded time sequence is then optimized according to the material flow characteristics and the state of die fill to satisfy the requirement of material utilization and forging quality. The modified boundary conditions are finally used as the boundary condition control criterion for the inverse deformation simulation. Additionally, a procedure to determine process staging points using trial forward simulation is given. As an example, the preform design of a plane strain forging process is performed. The fuller, buster and blocker dies are designed by using the inverse deformation simulation.     

中、小曲轴精锻件锻造新工艺的探讨

通过对中、小曲轴精锻件的结构及锻造工艺性分析,在预终锻热锻件图设计上,增加平衡板的宽度、增大预锻模平衡板的圆角;预终锻模模具结构的设计上,在模平衡板上下模桥部,特别在小头处设计了阻力墙,增大金属流向桥部的阻力;在终锻平衡板最深处作排气孔,能让金属充满型腔;严格控制热处理温度和时间;制定出合理的模锻工艺流程,达到了提高材料利用率、合格率、模具寿命和降低生产成本的目的。     

有限元模拟在后轴支架锻造设计中的应用

针对汽车后轴支架,进行锻造过程三维有限元模拟和工艺、模具设计。采用刚粘塑性有限元模拟技术,得到锻件内部应力场、应变场等参数,分析了这些参数对锻件塑性变形的影响。在此基础上,对此类锻件传统的锻造工艺进行了改进,将预锻工序由开式模锻改进为封闭飞边闭式模锻。同时,模具设计重点从预成形设计考虑,给出了合理的制坯模具设计。在40MN热模锻压力机上进行了试验,试验表明,模拟结果和实际成形过程吻合良好。     

Fast 3D inverse simulation of hot forging processes via Medial Axis Transformation: an approach for preform estimation in hot die forging

In hot die forging processes, the selection of an ideal preform is of great importance with respect to cavity filling and mechanical load. The common procedure in order to define an adequate preform is the usage of Finite-Element-Analysis (FEA), usually as an iterative process in which various preforms are tested with regard to their suitability. An approach that aims at reducing the number of trials by proposing a first estimation of a suitable preform is presented in this paper. It is conjectured that the material flow paths and resistance can be described by the cavity shape using the Medial Axis Transformation. Based on this, a local inverse material flow for time discrete steps is calculated. The result is a first estimation of an adequate preform shape within a few minutes as an input for further FEA. FE-based parametric design optimization procedure is then presented and compared to the inverse approach, which is identified as a useful complement for the forward simulation technique.     

Preform Design for Large-Sized Frame Forging of Ti-Alloy Based on 3-D Electrostatic Field Simulation and Geometric Transformation

Large-sized frame forging of Ti-alloy is an important forced component of aircraft. The frame forging has complicated shape which leads to great difficulties in deformation. Some defects may be produced during the forming process such as un-filling or overlapping. Preform design is an effective method for producing qualified forging. In this article, a new method based on 3-D electrostatic field simulation is proposed to design preform of a large-sized frame forging of Ti-alloy and a geometric transformation method is introduced to obtain the preform dimension. In order to select more suitable preform of large-sized frame forging, FEM software Deform-3D is employed to simulate the isothermal forming process of designed preform. Deformation uniformity index ψ is introduced as a criterion to judge the forging quality and the most appropriate preform is obtained by virtual orthogonal test design.     

缸头模锻成形过程数值模拟

缸头模锻成形是一个复杂的大变形过程,其成形质量影响因素众多,用解析法难以进行精确分析。采用有限元方法对整个成形过程进行模拟,获得了缸头模锻成形过程金属流动变形规律,对成形过程中出现的充不满、折叠等缺陷进行了分析,指出需修改预成形形状的尺寸参数。试验结果表明,采用改进后的预成形形状的尺寸参数能获得比较合格的终锻件。     

典型模锻件的预锻设计方法研究

本文分析了模锻工艺设计中的预锻设计方法 ,重点介绍了典型的H断面锻件的预锻设计 ,给出了该类锻件的一种新的预锻设计方法———抛物线法。     

中心管胎模锻造工艺研究

通过对8MN快锻液压机上采用胎模锻造中心管锻件的工艺方案的分析,研究了锻造制坯、模具设计的特点和要点,提出了液压机胎模锻造变形力的计算方法,指出锻造难点、可能出现的问题及预防纠正措施,还提出了液压机胎模锻造模具材料的选用方法.     

基于有限元法的正反向模拟技术在链轨节锻造中的应用

锻造过程的预成形设计是提高锻造质量和降低产品成本的一个极其重要的方面，基于刚一粘塑性有限元法的正反向模拟技术能够从最终的锻件形状直接得出坯料的预成形形状，通过改善设计制坯操作来减少作为飞边的材料浪费。中介绍了覆带链轨节锻造的常规工艺，说明了目前覆带链轨节锻造中存在的问题，阐述了有限元法、预成形设计思想和正反向模拟技术以及它们在覆带链轨节锻造中的应用。     

An axisymmetric forging approach to preform design in ring rolling using a rigid–viscoplastic finite element method

In this paper, a new method for approximately predicting the deformation of material in ring rolling is presented. The plastic flow of material in ring rolling is assumed to be axisymmetric and thus the ring rolling process is considered as a sequence of consecutive forging processes. The problem, having tool velocity as well as material velocity field as unknown variables, is formulated by an axisymmetric rigid–viscoplastic finite element method. The unknown tool velocity is determined by making the circumferential stress on the ring cross-section exist in the range of user-specified values. The approach is applied to preform shape design in ring rolling of bearing races. The predicted results are compared with the experimental ones. It has been shown that the approximate approach presented is useful for engineering design of preform in ring rolling of bearing race-like rings.