Ni-P化学镀层对304钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响SCIEI

用恒载荷试验、X射线结构分析、电化学测量和断口分析,研究了Ni-P化学镀层对冷拉和固溶304钢在沸腾的42％MgCl_2溶液中应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的影响。结果表明,Ni-P镀层可显著提高冷拉304钢的SCC抗力,但对固溶304钢效果甚微。镀层晶化退火对提高304钢的SCC抗力不利;水淬处理却可进一步降低其SCC敏感性。文章探讨了Ni-P镀层的影响机制。     

304不锈钢焊缝在室温酸性氯化物溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

本文用慢应变速率实验(SSRT)方法研究了奥氏体304不锈钢焊接接头在室温HCl+NaCl溶液中应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性H+浓度和Cl-浓度是影响该体系发生SCC的两个重要因素,H+浓度的改变可使材料的腐蚀形态发生变化,对SCC敏感的酸度范围为:5.0x10-4～30MH+,并给出体系“304不锈钢焊缝/HCl+NaCl”的应力腐蚀状态图([Cl-]-[H+]-SCC图)焊缝区是焊接接头的SCC敏感区,应力腐蚀裂纹是沿着被选择性溶解的奥氏体枝晶间的δ-铁素体扩展的,断口具有奥氏体枝晶骨架的形貌.该体系     

核电工程材料的应力腐蚀破裂研究

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)和U型弯曲试验技术研究了水中杂质离子、溶解氧(DO)、外加电位以及温度等对核电工程材料304不锈钢(SS)、316SS以及A533B压力容器用钢在高温水中应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)的影响,并结合电化学测试和表面膜分析结果进行了讨论,还根据304SS的U型弯曲和SSRT结果的差异提出了SCC加速试验的选择原则建议。     

321不锈钢在淡化海水中的耐腐蚀性能

采用电化学测试和慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)方法,结合扫描电镜(SEM)评价321不锈钢在淡化海水中的耐蚀性.循环伏安实验表明,随着温度的升高,点蚀击破电位负移,耐点蚀性能下降;321不锈钢在淡化海水中的临界点蚀温度(CPT)为30.5℃.SSRT实验结果表明,321不锈钢在淡化海水中具有一定的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性,随着温度的升高,应力腐蚀敏感性增大.在35℃和50℃,321不锈钢在淡化海水中的断裂为韧性断裂;而在70℃,断口微观形貌呈现韧窝+少量准解理形貌,SCC敏感性增强.     

H~+和Cl~-对304不锈钢在室温HCI+NaCl溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

本文用慢应变速率实验(SSRT)方法研究了奥氏体304不锈钢在室温酸性氯化物溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性。H~+和Cl~-浓度是影响该体系发生SCC的两个重要因素,对SCC敏感的H~+浓度范围为:0.01-1.2M,溶液中H~+浓度的改变,可使材料的腐蚀形态发生显著变化;Cl~-浓度的增加,可以提高溶液中H~+的活性;H~+和Cl~-对该体系发生SCC既有竞争作用又有协同作用。最后给出了“304不锈钢/HCl+NaCI”体系发生SCC的介质条件,即:“[Cl~-]-[H~+]-SCC图”。     

形变诱发马氏体对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢应力腐蚀破裂的影响

通过低温(-70℃)拉伸方法,制备出具有不同马氏体(铁磁相)含量的1Cr18Ni9Ti(AISI321)奥氏体不锈钢试件。采用恒载荷法对双边缺口试样进行应力腐蚀试验,测定了不同马氏体含量的试样在氯化物介质中应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)的归一化门槛值。用SEM观察断口形貌。结果表明:当铁磁相含量小于5%时,材料的SCC敏感性随含量增加而减小;在5～15%范围内,SCC敏感性不断增加;在15～24%区域中,材料的SCC敏感性迅速下降;超过24%,SCC敏感性又有所上升。     

不同组织X70钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀敏感性

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)及断口观测研究了不同显微组织X70钢的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)敏感性.结果表明:X70钢及其不同热处理后的劣化组织在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中均具有明显的SCC敏感性;三种组织X70钢的SCC敏感性整体上表现为随外加电位的降低而增大,组织硬化和晶粒过大都能增加材料的SCC敏感性.     

304 不锈钢在模拟深海和浅海环境中的应力腐蚀行为

目的研究304不锈钢在模拟深海和浅海中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。方法通过控制不同环境因素模拟南海某海域环境,利用动电位扫描、交流阻抗谱、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)及SEM表面分析等手段进行研究。结果 304不锈钢在模拟海水溶液中呈现钝化状态,出现应力腐蚀敏感性,且裂纹扩展方式为穿晶开裂。在深海中的SCC机制为氢致开裂,浅海中的SCC机制主要为阳极溶解。结论 304不锈钢在深海与浅海中的SCC机制不同,但两者的SCC敏感性相近且相对较低,在模拟海水环境中的应用不受海水深度限制。     

波动频率对X70钢焊接接头应力腐蚀行为的影响

研究了波动频率对X70管线钢焊接接头在阴极电位下的近中性介质中慢应变速率应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.结果表明,X70钢在波动:拉伸载荷和阴极电位(-850 mVSCE)条件下,存在着一定的SCC敏感性.在波动拉伸载荷试验(F-SSRT)情况下,SCC裂纹的扩展机理与匀速慢拉伸试验(SSRT)时的裂纹扩展机理明显不同,SCC裂纹可以从材料表面产生的微孔处萌生并沿主应力面扩展,当载荷波动频率增大到一定程度时,SCC裂纹转变为沿45°最大剪应力面扩展.X70管线钢焊接接头阴极电位下近中性介质中SCC敏感部位为过热区.同时分析了氢在F.SSRT试样SCC过程中的作用和机理.     

22Cr双相不锈钢与304L、316L钢在氯化物溶液中耐应力腐蚀性能的比较

采用恒载荷法、恒应变法研究了22Cr双相不锈钢在不同Cl-浓度、不同温度的氯化物渗液中耐应力腐蚀的性能,并与316L和304L普通奥氏体不锈钢进行了对比.结果表明,22Cr双相不锈钢在氯化物环境中具有更好的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)抗力.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.