阻隔型农药包装容器的研究

介绍了一种阻隔性塑料包装新技术层状共混阻隔技术的工艺过程，并讨论了对容器阻隔性能的影响因素     

HDPE／PA共混吹塑容器阻渗性能的研究进展

综述了HDPE／PA共混吹塑容器阻渗性能的研究,阐明了分散相PA表态与共混物阻渗性能之间的关系,HDPE／PA共混物的相容性,共混物中组分之间的相对粘度比以及加工条件对阻渗性能的影响,建议今后研究工作应着重探讨流动场对HDE/PA混吹塑容器阻渗性能的影响机理。     

相容剂对HDPE/PA6共混体系加工性能和阻隔性能的影响

以高密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(HDPE-g-MAH)为相容剂,制备了高密度聚乙烯/聚酰胺6(HDPE/PA6)共混复合材料,考察了相容剂用量对共混材料加工性能及阻隔性能的影响。结果表明:HDPE-g-MAH作为反应型相容剂,与PA6反应后的生成物提高了PA6与HDPE基体的相容性和分散均匀性,降低了共混物的最大扭矩,促进了HDPE塑化,改善了加工性能;随着相容剂用量的增加,共混物最大扭矩和平衡扭矩均有所提高,说明相容剂用量的增加增强了HDPE与PA6间的相互作用,提高了共混物的黏度,而相间黏结性能的改善,使PA6能以片层结构分散于HDPE树脂中,提高了材料的阻隔性能。共混物对二甲苯的吸收有一饱和值,其阻隔性能具有很好的稳定性。     

PLA/PBAT/PDEGA共混物的制备北大核心

以聚己二酸二甘酯(PDEGA)为增塑剂,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二酯(PBAT)/PDEGA共混物,并研究了PLA/PBAT/PDEGA共混物的热性能、结晶行为、力学性能、冲击断面形态、阻隔性能、流变性能和熔体强度。结果表明:加入PDEGA和PBAT,提高了PLA的冷结晶能力,并改善了PLA的柔韧性;PLA/PBAT/PDEGA共混物对水蒸气的阻隔性能受PDEGA和PBAT影响不大;加入PDEGA和PBAT,增强了共混物的流动性。     

PLA/PBAT/PDEGA共混物的制备

以聚己二酸二甘酯(PDEGA)为增塑剂,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二酯(PBAT)/PDEGA共混物,并研究了PLA/PBAT/PDEGA共混物的热性能、结晶行为、力学性能、冲击断面形态、阻隔性能、流变性能和熔体强度。结果表明:加入PDEGA和PBAT,提高了PLA的冷结晶能力,并改善了PLA的柔韧性;PLA/PBAT/PDEGA共混物对水蒸气的阻隔性能受PDEGA和PBAT影响不大;加入PDEGA和PBAT,增强了共混物的流动性。     

PE-HD／PA6／EVOH阻透容器成型工艺与性能研究

将高密度聚乙烯（阻HD）、聚酰胺6（PA6）与乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）的复配体和相容剂初混合后，通过挤出机熔融共混、中空吹塑制得阻透容器。考察了树脂及共混物的流变性能，研究了相容剂用量、阻透树脂用量和成型工艺条件对容器阻透性能的影响。利用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了瓶壁的层状结构。实验结果表明，PA6／EVOH复配体增加了阻透树脂的熔体黏度，提高了层状共混工艺的稳定性。与PE-HD／PA6二元共混容器相比。PE-HD／PA6／EVOH三元共混容器所需相容剂更少。当阻透树脂用量为15～18份、相容剂用量为2～3份、加工温度在225～230℃之间、螺杆转速控制在30r／min左右、停留时间在3min时，PE-HD／PA6／EVOH共混容器的阻透性能得到明显提高。     

HDPE／PA6共混物注射成型阻隔性容器的研究

研究了制备阻隔性容器的高密度聚乙烯／尼龙６共混物配比，注射成型工艺及其对容器阻隔性能的影响。     

硬质塑料管材阻隔技术研究

介绍塑料的阻隔原理及提高塑料阻隔性能常用的两种方法,即层状共混方法和多层共挤方法。从阻隔机理、配方、成型工艺等几方面介绍了阻隔性硬质塑料管材层状共混的成型方法,并对制备层状共混物的影响因素进行了初步探讨。研究分析表明,制品中的层状阻隔成分可大大提高制品对烃类液体的阻隔能力。与多层共挤技术相比,层状共混技术可以使塑料阻隔性改进和挤出成型一次完成,而且工序简单,易于应用。     

双单体接枝物增容PP/EVOH共混物形态结构及性能

采用反应型双螺杆挤出机制备了双单体接枝物聚丙烯（PP）接枝马来酸酐（MAH）和三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯（TAIC）[PP-g-(MAH-co-TAIC)],并以此增容PP/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）共混物。研究了共混增容体系的相容性、流变性能、结晶性能、力学性能和阻隔性能。红外光谱分析表明, 接枝物加入后,在EVOH的羟基和接枝物的酸酐基团之间发生了反应,体系的相容性因此得以改观;TAIC的加入使PP的接枝率提高了13 %;扫描电子显微镜观察证实,接枝物的加入促进了EVOH和PP之间的界面结合,减小了分散相的尺寸。流变性能测试表明,TAIC的加入抑制了PP的降解;差示扫描量热仪分析表明,接枝物的加入使得PP和EVOH的结晶温度得到了提高。双单体接枝物的共混体系与单一单体接枝物的共混体系相比,对力学性能影响不大,但阻隔性能有所提高,当共单体添加量为0.4份（质量份,下同）时,体系的阻隔性能提高了28 %。     

HDPE／PA共混物分散相形态的研究进展

通过对HDPE／PA层状掺混吹塑容器惨性能的研究，综述了HDPE／PA共混物分散相形态的研究进展。分散相PA形态直接决定共混物阻渗性能，而分散相PA形态依赖于HDPE／PA共混物的相容性、共混物中组分之间的相对粘度比以及加工条件。深入研究HDPE／PA共混物分散相的形态应着重探讨流场对HDPE／PA共混物分散相形态形成的影响机理。     

PA6切片萃取动力学研究

分析了PA6切片萃取过程中萃取水温度、萃取浴比、搅拌等对萃取效果的影响,进行了荤取动力学模拟。结果表明:萃取温度是影响萃取效果的主要因素,搅拌对萃取效果的影响不大。动力学参数随着萃取温度的升高而增加;参数值越大,可萃取物的浓度也越大,平衡线斜率随温度呈指数增加。PA6萃取动力学模拟公式和实验数据拟合性好,可通过萃取动力学实验为工业萃取塔的设计提供理论依据。     

对接型销双向斜抽芯注塑模设计

给出了灯罩注塑模实用结构。该模具型芯由主型芯和副型芯组成，采用将副型芯推出方法实现塑件内侧壁凹槽抽芯，在塑件倾斜通孔处采用对接型销双向分型斜抽芯。既满足制品的成型和抽芯要求，又省去了斜抽芯和水平抽芯机构，模具结构紧凑，脱型可靠，成型塑件质量好。     

Sustained Release of Metoprolol Tartarate from Radiation-Grafted pH-Responsive Hydrogels

pH-responsive hydrogels composed of methacrylic acid (MAA) grafted on poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PEO-PVP) network were made by electron beam irradiation technique. The grafting was carried out at various concentrations of MAA with different irradiation doses. The gels were characterized by IR, DSC and SEM techniques. The swelling behavior of the gels was studied under different pH conditions. The swelling parameters were evaluated. The mode of water diffusion into the gels was found to be structure-dependent. The pH responsiveness of the gels was evident from the enhanced swelling of the gels with increasing pH of the medium. The suitability of these gels as matrix materials for stimuli-responsive sustained-release drug formulations was studied. The in vitro release profile of an antihypertensive drug, metoprolol tartarate, from these gels was studied at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The extent of drug release is found to be pH-dependent. The data were analyzed to understand the mechanism of drug release from the gels. The gels exhibited diffusion-controlled release behavior. Drug release kinetic analysis indicated “first order” release where the amount of drug released is dependent on the matrix drug load and the value of the diffusion coefficient indicated anomalous diffusion.     

固体返料气流-流化组合干燥器的湿含量分布

分析了固体返料气流 -流化组合式干燥器出口粒子湿含量分布特性 ,建立了湿含量分布密度函数 ,并就硫酸亚铁的干燥过程进行了模拟计算 结果表明 ,具有降速段的流化床干燥器的优化设计 ,除了应满足干燥过程的热量供求平衡并由此确定流化床底面积外 .还应满足 :①保证湿分传质汽化所需的停留干燥时间 ,应根据干燥所需的平均停留时间来确定流化床容积 ;②控制湿含量的分散程度 ,应由干燥产品的均匀性指标来确定流化床室数 .     

Calculation of Residual Thermal Stresses in Injection Molded Amorphous Polymers by the Finite Element Method

Abstract

The finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the distribution of residual internal stresses in an injection molded plate-shaped polystyrene specimen. The first step of the calculating procedure is the determination of the temperature distributions in the plate and its variation with cooling time. The temperature distribution data are then used for the determination of the corresponding stress distribution. Also this latter step is accomplished using the FEM-technique. The residual stress distribution is obtained when the sample has been cooled to the temperature of the mold. The main result of the calculations is the finding that the surface layer of the plate is subject to compressive stresses, while the interior accommodates stresses of tensile type. The calculations relate to a polystyrene specimen. The results are shown to agree well with earlier data concerning internal stresses in injection molded objects. The possible influence of anisotropy and visco-elastic relaxation has been neglected. The method can be applied to other amorphous polymers and, after a slight modification, also to polymers of semicrystalline type.     

杀螨剂的进展与展望

回顾了农用杀螨剂发展历史,介绍了各个发展阶段的代表性品种及其性能,分析了螨类对现有杀螨剂产生抗性的现状,阐述了近期杀螨剂品种的发展趋势,并展望了未来杀螨剂开发的方向。     

Effects of interphase conditions on the tensile and fatigue properties of short-fiber reinforced rubber

The effects of the amount of nylon-66 short-fiber and its bonding to a chloroprene rubber were studied. The following results were obtained: (a) The tensile strength of short-fiber reinforced rubber (SFRR) exhibits a dilution effect in each interphase. It was found that the interphase conditions have an important effect on the dilution ratio and the critical fiber content. The specimen with double coatings of the bonding agent and a rubber solution, becomes the best of 5 interphase models. Both the yield strength and tensile moduli significantly improve with fiber content. (b) The spring constant (SC) of unreinforced rubber decreases after the fatigue test, however, the SC of all reinforced rubbers increases. The change in SC of reinforced rubber decreases with fiber content. The better the interphase condition, the smaller the change of the SC. (c) The temperature of rubber increases about 2.6 fold after the fatigue test. The reinforced rubbers show a 1.4 to 2.2 fold increase in temperature. The temperature changes during the fatigue test of the reinforced rubbers decrease with increasing fiber content, as well as with improved interphase bonding.     

改性兰炭末对对硝基苯酚的吸附平衡和动力学

采用硝酸改性-高温活化法对废弃的兰炭末进行处理,对改性前后的兰炭末进行了SEM和BET表征,测定了改性后的兰炭末对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能,通过静态吸附实验研究了改性兰炭末对对硝基苯酚的吸附平衡和动力学特征。结果表明,兰炭末经改性后表面粗糙度明显增加,孔道明显增多,总孔容和比表面积分别增加了7.1倍和4.3倍; Langmuir方程可较好地描述对硝基苯酚在改性兰炭末上的吸附平衡,特征分离系数R_L为0~1,为优惠吸附,温度升高有利于吸附的进行;动力学研究表明,对硝基苯酚在改性兰炭末上的吸附过程符合HO准二级动力学模型,颗粒外的液膜扩散是决定吸附速率的控制步骤,吸附过程的表观活化能E_a为9.825kJ/mol。改性兰炭末对对硝基苯酚有较好的吸附能力,328K下平衡吸附量达158.5mg/g,可作为一种廉价、高效的酚类废水处理用吸附剂,有很好的工业化应用前景。     

挠性覆铜板用高剥离强度环氧胶的制备及性能

用液体端羧基丁腈橡胶(CTBN)对环氧树脂E-51进行改性,合成了CTBN/E-51预聚物。采用红外光谱、示差扫描量热仪、万能试验机及电子显微镜表征了产物结构,确定了固化工艺,研究了预聚反应温度、时间,CTBN含量对环氧胶剥离强度的影响,并观察了剥离断面的形貌。结果表明,CTBN质量分数为15%,预聚温度为90℃,反应时间2 h所制得环氧胶的剥离强度最高,其粘接强度随预聚时间的增加而增加。该胶可满足挠性覆铜板的生产需要。     

不同润湿表面液体沸腾的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究纳米尺度下液氩在过热基板上的沸腾过程。通过调节固液间相互作用的方式改变壁面润湿性，模拟并分析了壁面润湿性对沸腾过程中能量传递和液体运动情况的影响。结果表明：不同润湿性表面均会发生固液分离的现象，但是固体表面附近吸附的氩原子数密度随润湿性增强而增大；润湿性较强时，液体的能量上升快，热通量高，液体内部温度梯度大，发生固液分离时间早，系统中氩的温度和能量低，上升过程中液氩密度、厚度变化小；润湿性较弱时，液体的能量上升慢，热通量小，液体内部温度梯度小，发生固液分离时间延后，系统中氩的温度、能量更高，上升过程中液氩密度、厚度变化较大。下部气体压力整体上大于上部气体压力，发生固液分离时润湿性越强的表面上液体上下压差越大，首次上升过程能达到的高度越高，所需时间越短。