复合孕育技术在高强度薄壁灰铸铁件上的应用研究

研究了几种复合孕育剂可较高碳当量（CE＝3．8％－4．1％）灰铸铁性能的影响,试验并经实际生产结果表明,选择60％SiBa 40%SiFe作为高碳灰铸铁件的复合孕育剂,其抗拉强度稳定在250MPa以上,并能减小白口宽度和断面敏感性,满足实际生产要求,同时对其孕育机理进行了探讨。     

碳含量对TU5JP4灰铸铁冷激凸轮轴铸造弯曲变形和气孔的影响

本文采用生产现场的大量数据,统计分析了碳含量对TU5JP4灰铸铁冷激凸轮轴弯曲变形和气孔的影响。统计数据表明,碳含量从3．4％～3．6％提高到3．6％～3．7％之间,可以较明显地降低凸轮轴的过度弯曲变形（跳动超过1mm）和气孔缺陷。用户机械加工的统计数据表明,碳含量提高后,因皮下气孔导致的废品率下降约30％。     

钛对灰铸铁力学性能的影响

在生产条件下，钛对灰铸铁力学性能的影响。结果显示：灰铸铁中含钛量w为0．08％－0．1％时，能细化晶粒，提高铸件强度和品质系数，略微增加硬度；含钛量w为0．2％－0．3％时，铸件硬度明显增加，并降低铸件的加工性能和品质系数。     

柴油机灰铸铁件化学成分的选择

合理箨同灰铸铁件的化学成分，不仅使灰铸铁具有良好的铸造性能与力学性能，而且可降低灰铸件的废品率。对于HT250气缸体与气缸盖，应选择如下的化学成分（％）：3．15－3．35C、1．8－2．2Si,3.95-4.05CE,0.6-0.8Mn,0.06-0.15S,P≤0.05。灰铸铁中加入促进珠光体化的合金元素如Cu,Cr,Mo等。强度与热疲劳性能有所提高，壁厚敏感性有所降低，但铸件的收缩性增大，因此应适当提高铸铁的碳量与碳当量。     

Si/C对灰铸铁组织和性能的影响

碳当量w为3．8％时，Si/C对灰铸铁金相组织与机械性能的影响，结果表明：当Si/C从0．5→0．7→0．9变化时，铸铁的组织由P＋Le GE→P F GD变化；当Si/C为0．7时，拉伸强度达最大值357．1MPa；对铁液不进行传统的孕育处理，只调整Si/C，也可能得到HT250以上的高强度灰铸铁。     

贝氏体灰铸铁的内耗特征

本文论述了贝氏体灰铸铁在不同的振幅和频率测量条件下的内耗，并分别与相同碳当量的普通灰铸铁进行了比较。研究结果表明：贝氏体灰铸铁的内耗值是普通灰铸铁低频测量条件的1．5倍，高频测量条件的1．3—3倍，且内耗值随振幅增大而增大。     

灰铸铁研究与生产的最新进展及展望

灰铸铁在铸件生产中占有最重要的地位,高强度薄壁灰铸的研究与生产水平是制约铸铁发展的主要因素。通过提高基体显微硬度、增加组织中奥氏体枝晶数量、细化石墨、细化共晶团等综合措施,可在碳当量３．９％￣４．２％的范围内获得强度达３００ＭＰａ、铸造性能较ＨＴ３００优良的灰铸铁。采用高碳当量、适当的低合金化和加强孕育处理可以有效地生产、发动机缸体和缸盖等薄壁高强度灰铸铁件。先进制造技术对传统产业的渗透与 融合正     

利用大量回炉料和废钢生产高牌号灰铸铁

介绍了铸铁冶金质量指标及其影响因素,分析了利用大量回炉料加废钢生产的灰铸铁力学性能、切削加工性能和铸造性能比普通灰铸铁优良的原因.生产实践表明,生产此类灰铸铁的要点是增碳、高温熔炼和控制ω(C)、ω(Si)量;此类灰铸铁的三角试块断口组织致密、呈银灰色、白口宽度不大,抗拉强度为290 MPa,石墨由90％的A型石墨和10％的B型石墨组成,基体组织为5％铁素体+95％珠光体.在焦炭质量及供风条件一定的情况下,温度越高,增碳率越高,废钢用量比例可以越大.     

高碳当量高强度低铬铜合金灰铸铁的试验研究

针对高碳当量灰铸铁,试验了少量合金元素Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ对抗拉强度及白口倾向的影响。结果表明：合金元素Ｃｒ和Ｃｕ对灰铸铁的强度有明显的影响,在碳当量为３．９％￣４．１％的条件下,铁水中合金元素Ｃｒ和Ｃｕ的合理含量分别为：０．２０％￣０．２５％以及０．４０％￣０．４５％。此外,初步分析了合金元素Ｃｒ和Ｃｕ对灰铸铁强度及组织的影响机理。     

铜、铬对灰铸铁强度及组织均匀性影响的研究

在实验室条件下考察了Cu、Cr对CE为3．85％和4．07％灰铸铁的强度(σb)、断面敏感性和显微组织均匀性的影响。结果发现：合金元素能有效提高强度，复合处理优于单独使用；对本试验阶梯试块而言，当碳当量高时，合金元素可改善铸件的断面敏感性，碳当量低时，则反之。合金化能显著改善微观组织的均匀性，从而改善铸件的加工性能。     

新型高精度管材矫直机

介绍了西安重型机械研究所开发研制的“十一辊高精度管材矫直机”和“复合辊框架矫直机”的结构、布置、工作原理、机组型号、参数以及国内厂家的使用情况。实践证明, 新开发的矫直机结构合理、紧凑, 矫直精度高, 适用材质广泛, 生产效果良好。其中“十一辊高精度管材矫直机”获发明专利。     

电渣重熔高压锅炉管用钢化学成分变化规律的探讨

通过大量数据的统计及回归分析,探讨了２０Ｇ,１５ＣｒＭｏＧ,１２Ｃｒ１ＭｏＶＧ高压锅炉管用钢电渣重熔前后化学成分的变化规律,并由此推导出２０Ｇ,１５ＣｒＭｏＧ,１２Ｃｒ１ＭｏＶＧ高压锅炉管用钢电渣重熔前后元素含量变化的近似计算公式。用该近似计算公式可确定自耗电极元素含量的控制范围。     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

知母宁对慢性低O2高CO2大鼠肺小动脉结构型和诱导型NOS基因表达的影响

目的: 研究知母宁对慢性低O₂ 高CO₂ 大鼠肺小动脉结构型一氧化氮合酶(cNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)基因表达的影响,进而了解其对肺动脉高压的防治机制。方法: 将SD大鼠分为正常对照组、低O₂ 高CO₂ 组、知母宁组。采用图像分析、免疫组化、组织原位杂交、酶动力学等方法,测定各组大鼠动脉血、肺组织NO含量、NOS活性、肺细小动脉iNOS、cNOS及其基因表达的变化。结果: (1)低O₂ 高CO₂ 组m PAP、RV/(LV+ S)显著高于其他组(P< 0.01),3组间mCAP比较差异无显著性;(2)血、肺组织匀浆NO含量低O₂ 高CO₂ 组显著低于正常对照组, 知母宁组显著高于低O₂ 高CO₂ 组(p <0.01); (3)低O₂ 高CO₂ 组血浆及肺组织匀浆cNOS活性显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01), iNOS活性均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01);知母宁组大鼠血浆及肺组织匀浆cNOS活性均显著高于低O₂ 高CO₂组(P<0.01),血浆iNOS活性无明显差异,肺组织匀浆iNOS活性咯高于低O₂ 高CO₂ 组(P<0.05);(4)低O₂ 高CO₂ 组肺细小动脉iNOS及其mRNA表达显著高于正常对照组(P < 0.01), cNOS及其mRNA表达显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),知母宁组大鼠肺细小动脉iNOS、cNOS及其mRNA表达均显著高于低O₂ 高CO₂ 组(P<0.01)。(5)光、电镜下低O₂ 高CO₂ 组肺血管结构重建,知母宁组肺血管结构重建明显减轻。结论: 知母宁能促进低O₂ 高CO₂ 大鼠肺小动脉iNOS及cNOS 基因表达,上调NO/NOS体系,使NO合成增多可能为其抑制慢性低O₂高CO₂、肺动脉高压和肺血管结构重建的作用的重要作用机制之一。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

RESEARCH ON THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF INTERNAL CRACK IN THE CONTINUOUS CASTING SLAB

In view of the periodic bending deformation of solid-liquid interface in the solidification process for continuous casting slab, the variation of temperature gradient and dendritic spacing in the front edge of the solid-liquid interface, and the nucleation and propagation process of crack were studied. It is shown that the bending deformation of the interface results in the temperature field change in the front edge of solid-liquid interface, and the occurrence of temperature gradient along drawing direction results in the growth of secondary dendrites. The initial crack formed during the middle and final stage of solidification may extend to the surface of the casting slab and become an internal crack. The results of the theoretical analysis are basically in agreement with that of the experiment.     

Stress Analysis of the Aperture in Compound Pipeline by FEM

There is a cyclical aperture at a certain part of the fiberglass reinforced plastic compound pipeline with a stainless steel pipe as a liner, which becomes the weakness of the conduit. The field of stress and strain of the aperture was investigated using the nonliner finite element code Marc. The results of the finite element analysis showed that there were concentrations of stress and strain in the layer of stainless steel at the part of the pipeline where the aperture existed. The method to solve these problems was also discussed.     

20钢渗硼过程中硼化物形核和生长的TEM观察及室温形变的影响SCIEI

本文采用单向减薄制样法在透射电镜下直接观察了20钢渗硼初期硼化物的形核和生长特性及室温形变的影响。X射线及电子探针分析结果表明:渗硼初期试样表层仅有Fe_2B形成;表层硼原子浓度与形变量之间具有单调增长的关系;偏聚于位错胞壁之中的硼原子阻碍了形变组织的恢复和再结晶,加速了硼化物的形核和长大。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.